阅读4级30篇带答案.docx

阅读4级30篇带答案.docx

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阅读4级30篇带答案

1.

Researchershaveestablishedthatwhenpeoplearementallyengaged,biochemicalchangesoccurinthebrainthatallowittoactmoreeffectivelyincognitive（认知的）areassuchasattentionandmemory.Thisistrueregardlessofage.

Peoplewillbealert（警觉的）andreceptive（接受能力强的）iftheyarefacedwithinformationthatgetsthemtothinkaboutthingstheyareinterestedin.Andsomeonewithahistoryofdoingmoreratherthanlesswillgointooldagemorecognitivelysoundthansomeonewhohasnothadanactivemind.

Manyexpertsaresoconvincedofthebenefitsofchallengingthebrainthattheyareputtingthetheorytoworkintheirownlives.“Theideaisnotnecessarilytolearntomemorizeenormousamountsofinformation,”saysJamesFozard,associatedirectoroftheNationalInstituteonAging.“Mostofusdon’tneedthatkindofskill.Suchspecifictrainingisoflessinterestthanbeingabletomaintainmentalalertness.”Fozardandotherssaytheychallengetheirbrainswithdifferentmentalskills,bothbecausetheyenjoythemandbecausetheyaresurethattheirrangeofactivitieswillhelpthewaytheirbrainswork.

GeneCohen,actingdirectorofthesameinstitute,suggeststhatpeopleintheiroldageshouldengageinmentalandphysicalactivitiesindividuallyaswillasingroups.Cohensaysthatwearefrequentlyadvisedtokeepphysicallyactiveasweage,butolderpeopleneedtokeepmentallyactiveaswell.Thosewhodoaremorelikelytomaintaintheirintellectualabilitiesandtobegenerallyhappierandbetteradjusted.“Thepointis,youneedtodoboth,”Cohensays,“Intellectualactivityactuallyinfluencesbrain-cellhealthandsize.”

1.Peoplewhoarecognitivelyhealthyarethose______.

A）whocanrememberlargeamountsofinformation

B）whoarehighlyintelligent

C）whosemindsarealertandreceptive

D）whoaregoodatrecognizingdifferentsounds

2.AccordingtoFozard’sargument,peoplecanmaketheirbrainsworkmoreefficientlyby______.

A）constantlydoingmemoryworkB）takingpartinvariousmentalactivities

C）goingthroughspecifictrainingD）makingfrequentadjustments

3.ThefindingsofJamesandotherscientistsintheirwork______.

A）remainatheorytobefurtherproved

B）havebeenchallengedbymanyotherpeople

C）havebeengenerallyaccepted

D）arepracticedbytheresearchersthemselves

4.Olderpeoplearegenerallyadvisedto______.

A）keepfitbygoinginforphysicalactivities

B）keepmentalactivebychallengingtheirbrains

C）maintainmentalalertnessthroughspecifictraining

D）maintainabalancebetweenindividualandgroupactivities

5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A）Howbiochemicalchangesoccurinthehumanbrain.

B）Whypeopleshouldkeepactivenotonlyphysicallybutalsomentally.

C）Howintellectualactivitiesinfluencebrain-cellhealth.

D）Whypeopleshouldreceivespecificmentaltrainingastheyage.

2.

Britainalmostmorethananyothercountryintheworldmustseriouslyfacetheproblemofbuildingupwards,thatistosayofaccommodatingaconsiderableproportionofitspopulationinhighblocksofflats.ItissaidthattheEnglishmanobjectstothistypeofexistence,butifthecaseissuch,hedoesinfactdifferfromtheinhabitantsofmostcountriesoftheworldtoday.Inthepastourownblocksofflatshavebeenassociatedwiththelower-incomegroupsandtheyhavelackedtheobviousprovisions,suchascentralheating,constanthotwatersupple,electricallyoperatedliftsfromtoptobottom,andsoon,aswellassuchdetails,importantnotwithstanding（然而）,aseasyfacilitiesfordisposalofdustandrubbishandstorageplacesforbabycarriagesonthegroundfloor,playgroundsforchildrenonthetopofthebuildings,anddryinggroundsforwashing.ItislikelythatthedisputeregardingflatsversusindividualhouseswillcontinuetorageonforalongtimeasfarasBritainisconcerned.Anditisunfortunatethatthereshouldbehotfeelingsonbothsideswheneverthissubjectisraised.Thosewhoopposethebuildingofflatsbasetheircaseprimarilyontheassumptionthateveryoneprefersanindividualhomeandgardenandonthehighcostperunitofaccommodation.Thelatterignoreshighercostofprovidingfullservicestothescatteredcommunityandthecostinbothmoneyandtimeofthejourneystoworkforthesuburbanresident.

1.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______.

A）Englishpeople,likemostpeopleinothercountries,dislikelivinginflats

B）peopleinmostcountriesoftheworldtodayarenotopposedtolivinginflats.

C）peopleinBritainareforcedtomoveintohighblocksofflats

D）modernflatsstillfailtoprovidethenecessaryfacilitiesforliving

2.WhatissaidabouttheblocksofflatsbuiltinthepastinBritain?

A）Theyweremostlyinhabitedbypeoplewhodidnotearnmuch.

B）Theywereusuallynotlargeenoughtoaccommodatebigfamilies.

C）Theyweresoldtopeoplebeforenecessaryfacilitieswereinstalled.

D）Theyprovidedplaygroundsforchildrenonthetopofthebuilding.

3.Theword“rage”（Line12）means“______”.

A）beignoredB）developwithgreatforce

C）encouragepeoplegreatlyD）beinfashion

4.Somepeopleopposedthebuildingofflatsbecause______.

A）thelivingexpensesforeachindividualfamilyarehigher

B）itinvolveshighercostcomparedwiththebuildingofhouses

C）theybelievepeopleliketoliveinhouseswithgardens

D）thedisposalofrubbishremainsaproblemforthoselivinginflats

5.Theauthormentionsthatpeoplewholiveinsuburbanhouse______.

A）donothaveaccesstoeasyfacilitiesbecausetheyliveawayfromthecity

B）havetopayalotofmoneytoemploypeopletodoservicework

C）takelongertimetoknoweachotherbecausetheyareascatteredcommunity

D）havetospendmoremoneyandtimetravelingtoworkeveryday.

3.

Statusesaremarveloushumaninventionsthatenableustogetalongwithoneanotherandtodeterminewherewe“fit”insociety.Aswegoaboutoureverydaylives,wementallyattempttoplacepeopleintermsoftheirstatuses.Forexample,wemustjudgewhetherthepersoninthelibraryisareaderoralibrarian,whetherthetelephonecallerisafriendorasalesman,whethertheunfamiliarpersononourpropertyisathieforameterreader,andsoon.

Thestatusesweassumeoftenvarywiththepeopleweencounter,andchangethroughoutlife.Mostofuscan,atveryhighspeed,assumethestatusesthatvarioussituationsrequire.Muchofsocialinteractionconsistsofidentifyingandselectingamongappropriatestatusesandallowingotherpeopletoassumetheirstatusesinrelationtous.Thismeansthatwefitouractionstothoseofotherpeoplebasedonaconstantmentalprocessofappraisalandinterpretation.Althoughsomeofusfindthetaskmoredifficultthanothers,mostofusperformitrathereffortlessly.

Astatushasbeencomparedtoready-madeclothes.Withincertainlimits,andbuyercanchoosestyleandfabric.ButanAmericanisnotfreetochoosethecostume（服装）ofaChinesepeasantorthatofaHinduprince.Wemustchoosefromamongtheclothingpresentedbyoursociety.Furthermore,ourchoiceislimitedtoasizethatwillfit,aswellasbyourpocketbook（钱包）.Havingmadeachoicewithintheselimitswecanhavecertainalterationsmade,butapartfromminoradjustment,wetendtobelimitedtowhatthestoreshaveontheirracks.Statusestoocomereadymade,andtherangeofchoiceamongthemislimited.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,thewritertellsusthatstatusescanhelpus______.

A）determinewhetherapersonisfitforacertainjob

B）behaveappropriatelyinrelationtootherpeople

C）protectourselvesinunfamiliarsituations

D）makefriendswithotherpeople

2.Accordingtothewriter,peopleoftenassumedifferentstatuses______.

A）inordertoidentifythemselveswithothers

B）inordertobetteridentifyothers

C）astheirmentalprocesseschange

D）asthesituationchanges

3.Theword“appraisal”（Line5,Para.2）mostprobablymeans“______”.

A）involvementB）appreciationC）assessmentD）presentation

4.Inthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraph,thepronoun“it”refersto“______”.

A）fittingouractionstothoseofotherpeopleappropriately

B）identificationofotherpeople’sstatuses

C）selectingone’sownstatuses

D）constantmentalprocess

5.Bysayingthat“anAmericanisnotfreetochoosethecostumeofaChinesepeasantorthatofaHinduprince”（Lines2-3,Para.3）thewritermeans______.

A）differentpeoplehavedifferentstylesofclothes

B）ready-madeclothesmayneedalterations

C）statusescomereadymadejustlikeclothes

D）ourchoiceofstatusesinlimited

4.

Manyayoungpersontellsmehewantstobeawriter.Ialwaysencouragesuchpeople,butIalsoexplainthatthere’sbigdifferencebetween“beingawriter”andwriting.Inmostcasestheseindividualsaredreamingofwealthandfame,notthelonghoursaloneatatypewriter.“You’vegottowanttowrite,”Isaytothem,“notwanttobeawriter.”

Therealityisthatwritingisalonely,privateandpoor-payingaffair.Foreverywriterkissedbyfortunetherearethousandsmorewhoselongingisneverrewarded.WhenIlefta20-yearcareerintheU.S.CoastGuardtobecomeafreelancewriter（自由撰稿人）,Ihadnoprospectsatall.WhatIdidhavewasafriendwhofoundmemyroominaNewYorkapartmentbuilding.Itdidn’tevenmatterthatitwascoldandhadnobathroom.Iimmediatelyboughtausedmanualtypewriterandfeltlifeagenuinewriter.

Afterayearorso,however,Istillhadn’tgottenabreakandbegantodoubtmyself.Itwassohardtosellastorythatbarelymadeenoughtoeat.ButIknewIwantedtowrite.Ihaddreamedaboutitfory