GPS中英文翻译.docx

GPS中英文翻译.docx

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GPS中英文翻译

SummarizingTheGlobalPositioningSystem

Abstract:

GlobalPositioningSystemisbasedonthebackgroundoftheUnitedStatesDepartmentofDefense.Itisdesigned,invested,developed,andoperatedbytheUnitedStatesDepartmentofDefense,GPSisasatellite-basedpositioningandtimetransferingGPSpositioningfunctionhasawiderangeofapplicationsinthemodernmeasurementandamoremodernbuilding.GPS-RTKtechnologyisalsowidelyusedinmodernizationbuilding,andnowGPShasalsobeenshowntobeanimportantciviliancommunitiesofinterest,andincreasinglywiderangeofapplicated.

Keyword:

GPS,Locating，RTK，Layout，Survey

1.Background

The50s,theformerU.S.S.Rhasnotlaunchedhumanitiesfirstartificialearthsatellite,theAmericanscientistsinalongitstrackresearchin,haddiscoveredtheDopplershiftphenomenon,andhasfacilitatedDopplersatellitenavigationposi-tioningsystemcompletingusingthisprinciple,hasobtainedtheenormoussuccessinthemilitaryandtheciviaspect,wasinanavigationlocalizationhistoryleap,ourcountryoncehasalsointroducedmanyDopplerreceiver,appliedtotheislandassociationmeasured,theEarthexploredandsoontheappliedtotheislandassociationmeasured,theEarthexploredandsoonthedomain.ButbecauseDopplersatelliteorbithighlylow,signal-carrierfrequencylow,thetrackprecisionenhanceswithdifficulty,causesthepointingaccuracylowly,satisfiesthegeodeticsurveyortheprojectsurveyrequest,ismoreimpossibletouseintheastronomyEarthdynamicsresearch.Inordertoenhancethesatellitepositioningtheprecision,USstartedfrom1973toprepareforconstructionglobalpositioningsystemGPS（GlobalPositioningSystem）.Afterhasenteredtheplanproof,thesystemteststage,startedin1989tolaunchtheofficialworksatellite,andcompletelycompletedin1994,investmentuse.TheGPSsystemspaceartiallyiscomposedbytwentyonesatellites,evenlydistributesinsixorbit,thegroundlevelis20,000Kilometers,theinclinationoforbitis55,theflatheartrateapproximatelyis0,theweekcontractis12hours,thesatellitetotheearthlaunchingtwowavebandsintelligencesignals,theintelligencesignalfrequencyrespectivelyis1575.442megacyclespersecond（theL2waveband）,onthesatellitehasinstalledtheprecisionveryhighatomicclock,guaranteesthefrequencythestability,modulatesinthecarrierhastheexpressionsatellitepositionthebroadcaststarexperience,useintherangefinderC/AcodeandPyard,aswelladothersysteminformation,canintheglobalscope,towillfullymulti-userprovidethehighaccuracy,all-weather,iscontinual,real-timethreedimensionalmeasuresfast,thethreedimensionallocalizationandthetimeservice.

TheGPSsystemcontrolsectionbyislocatedintheAmericanfoundationsofthestates5monitoringstationstobecomposed,thesestanddidnotaskbreaksCarriesontheobservationtoGPSsatellite,andwillcalculateandtheforecastinformationbytheinfusionstandsrenewstothesatelliteinformation.

TheGPSsystemuserisextremelycovert,itisonekindofone-waysystem,theuseronlyreceivesbutdoesnotneedthetransmittingmessage,andthereforeuser'squantityalsoisnotlimited.AlthoughGPSistheunificationstartsis,butveryquantityalsoisnotlimited.AlthoughGPSreceiverandprocessingsoftwareemergeinabundance.AtpresentthereceiverwhichappearsintheChinesemarketmainlyhasROGUE,ASHTECH,TRIMBLE,LEICA,SOKKIA,TOPCONandsoon..Cancarryontheobservationtotwofrequenciesthereceivertobecalledthedoublefrequencyreceiver,onlycancarryontheobservationtoafrequencythereceivertobecometheinference.Saysregardingthemappinguser,GPShascausedtherevolutionarychangeinthemappingdomain,atpresent,inthescopeseveralthousandkilometerscontrolsnetwork,intheprecisionfromhundredtothemillimeterlevellocalization,generallyallGPStookthefirstchoicemethod,isdaybydaymaturealongwiththeRTKtechnology,GPSstartedtodecimeterandevenacentimeterlevellayout,domainseepageandsoonhighaccuracydynamiclocalization.

TheinternationalGPSgeodeticsurveyservedIGSwithEarthdynamicsfrom1992,hasestablishedmanydatastorageandtheprocessingcenterinthewholeworld,yeartoyearobservedastationwithhundred,ourcountryhasalsosetupShanghaiYuShan,Wuhan,Xian,Taiwanandsoonmanyyeartoyearmeasuringplatformsstation,thesestationsobservationdatapassedoneverydaythroughtheinternetnettoUS'Sdatastoragecenter,IGSalsonearlyreal-timesynthesizesvariousdataprocessingcentertheresult,andtheparticipantinternationalearthrotationservedtheIERSglobalcoordinatesreferencesystemmaintenanceandtheearthrotationparameterissue.Theuseralsomayfreeon-lineobtainproductandsoonobservationdataandprecisestarexperiencefrominternet.

TheGPSsystemreal-timenavigationpointingisveryhigh,UShasimplementedtheso-calledSApolicyin1992,namelyreducesthebroadcaststartoundergothestarpositionprecision,reducesthestarclocktochangethepositivenumbertheprecision,addsonthehighfrequencyvibrationtothesatellitedatumfrequency（tocausefalsedistancemeasuringaccuracytoreducewithphase）,latterhasimplementedtheA-Spolicy,soonPyardchangeisYyardnamelyfurtherlimitstotheprecisefalsedistancesurvey,butAmericanmilitaryandspecialpermissionusernotthesepolicesinfluences,butUSinordertoobtainthebiggercommercialinterest,thesepolicyendsarecancelled.

2.GPSlocalizationprincipal

TheGPSreceivermayreceiveanduseinthetimeserviceaccuratelytothenanosecondleveltimeinformation;willuseintoforecastthefutureforseveralmonthsthesatellitetolocatethesummarypositionforecaststarexperience;Usesincalculateswhenthelocalizationtoneedthesatellitecoordinatesthebroadcaststarexperience,theprecisionis（eachsatelliteisdifferentseveralmetertoseveraldozensmeters~changesasnecessary）;AswellasGPSsysteminformation,likesatelliteconditionandsoon.

TheGPSreceivermayobtainthesatellitesigntothecodetothereceiverdistance,becauseincludesthereceiversatelliteclocktheerrorandtheatmospherepropagatederror,thereforeiscalledthefalsedistance.ThefalsedistanceobtainswhichtotheOAcodeiscalledtheUAcodefalsedistance,theprecisionapproximatelyisabout20meters,obtainsthefalsedistancetoPyardtobecalledPyardfalsedistance,theprecisionapproximatelyisabout2meters.

TheGPSreceivertothesatellitesignalwhichreceives,carriesonthedecodingorusesothertechnologies,willmodulateafterthecarriertheinformationremoves,willbeallowedtorestorethecarrier.Strictsays,thecarrierphaseshouldbecalledthecarrierbeatfrequencyphase,itisreceivesproducestheDopplershiftinfluencesatellitesignalcarrierphaseandreceiverthismachinevibrationdifferenceofthesignalphase.GenerallyexperienceYuantimewhichdeterminedinthereceiverclocksurveyed,maintainstothesatellitesignaltrackunder,mayrecordthephasechangevalue,butstartstimetheobservationreceiverandthesatelliteoscillatorphasechangevalueisdoesnotknow,namelymistydegreeofwholeweek,onlycancalculateinthedataprocessingastheparametersolution.Phaseobservationvalueprecisionhightomillimeter,butthepremiseissolvesmistydegreeofwholeweek,thereforeonlyhaswhentherelativelocalization,andhasasectioncontinuouslyobservesthevaluecanusethephaseobservationvalue,butmustachievemetersdowntothemillimeterlevelalsoonlytobeabletousethephaseobservationvalue.

Accordingtothelocatemode,theGPSlocalizationdividesintothesimplepointlocalizationandtherelativelocalization（differencelocalization）.Thesimplepointlocalizationisaccordingtoareceiverobservationdatadeterminedthereceiverpositiontheway,itonlycanusethefalsedistanceviewsurvey,mayuseinChefChuanandsoonthesummarynavigationlocalization.Therelativelocalization（differencelocalization）isaccordingtotwoabovereceiversobservationdatadeterminedbetweentheobservationpointtherelativepositionmethod,italreadymayusethefalsedistanceviewsurveyalsotobepossibletousethephaseviewsurvey,thegeodeticsurveyortheprojectsurveyshouldusethephaseobservationvaluetocarryontherelativelocalization.HascontainedthesatelliteandreceiverZhongChai,theatmosphericdisseminationintheGPSviewsurveyretards,errorandsoonmultiparteffect,whenlocalizationerrortheinfluence,whencarriesontherelativelocalizationthemajorityofpublicerrorsarecounterbalancedorweaken,thereforethepointingaccuracygreatlywillenhance,thedoublefrequencyreceiverwillbeallowedtoactaccordingtotwofrequenciesintheviewsurveycounterbalanceatmospheretheionosphere-patherrormainpart,willrequesthighintheprecision,betweenthereceiverthedistancewi11befartherwhen（atmospherewillhaveobviousdifference）,willbesupposedtoselectthedoublefrequencyreceiver.

Whenlocalizationobservation,ifthereceiverisoppositetotheearthssurfacemovement,theniscalledthedynamiclocalization,likeusesinsummarynavigationlocalizationtheandsoonChefChuanprecisionis30-100meterfalsedistancesimplepointlocalization,eitherusesinthecityvehiclesnavigationlocalizationricelevelprecisionfalsedistancedifferencelocalization（RTK）,thereal-timedifferencelocalizationneedsthedatachainreal-timetransmitstwoormanystationsobservationdatacalculatestogether.

Whenlocalizationobservation,ifthereceiveris