语言学例题.docx
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语言学例题
（一）
1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheconcernof“sense”?
A.Itisthestudyoftheinherentmeaningofthelinguisticform
B.Itisthestudyofwhatalinguisticformreferstointherealphysicalworld.
C.Itistheaspectofmeaningdictionarycompliesareinterestedin
D.Itisthecollectionofallthefeaturesofthelinguisticform\
2.Themeaningrelationshipbetweenthetwowords“sheep”and“eweis_____
A.Antonymy
B.Homonymy
C.Hyponymy
D.Polysemy
3.
4.
5.Accordingtothepredicationanalysis,thepredicationofthesentence“Itishot”isa______
A.no-placepredication
B.one-placepredication
C.two-placepredication
D.three-placepredication
6.Therelationshipbetween“violet”and“tulip”is_____
A.co-hyponyms
B.superordinate
C.hyponyms
D.antonyms
7.Therelationshipbetween“Begin”&“Commence”is_____
A.Dialectalsynonyms
B.Stylisticsynonyms
C.Collocationalsynonyms
D.Semanticallydifferentsynonyms
8.Predicationanalysisisawaytoanalyze____meaning
A.phoneme
B.word
D.phrase
D.sentence
9.Whatistherelationshipbetweentheword“color”and“red”?
A.Synonymy
B.Antonymy
C.Polysemy
D.Hyponymy
10.“Fall”and“autumn”are_____synonyms.
Adialectal
B.stylistic
C.evaluativelydifferent
D.semanticallydifferent
11.Homophonesareoftenemployedtocreatepunsfordesiredeffectsof_________
A.humor
B.sarcasm
C.ridicule
D.alloftheabove
12.Thefollowingmajormodesofsemanticchangeare_____
A.extension,narrowing,elevationanddegradation
B.extension,generalization,elevationanddegradation
C.extension,narrowing,specializationanddegradation
D.extension,elevation,ameliorationanddegradation
13.Hyponymy_____
A.istherelationshipwhichobtainsbetweenspecificandgenerallexicalitems,suchthattheformerisincludedinthelatter
B.istherelationshipthatstandsbetween“flute”and“instrument”
CbothAandB
D.none
14.Wecalltherelationbetween“animal”and“horse”as___
A.synonymy
B.polysemy
C.homonymy
D.hyponymy
15.Thesemanticfeaturesoftheword“girl”canbeexpressedas____
A.+animate.–human.+adults.+male
B.+animate.+human.-adults.+male
C.+animate.+human.+adults.–male
D.+animate.+human.-adults.-male
16.Whatisthesententialrelationbetween“Helikesskating”and“Helikessports”?
A.Presuposition
B.Entailment
C.Contradiction
D.Hyponymy
17.AccordingtothepredicationanalysisproposedbytheBritishlinguistG.Lech,thepredicationofthesentence“Itisraining”isa_______
A.no-placepredication
B.one-placepredication
C.two-pacepredication
D.three-placepredication
18.Thepairofwords“worrow/lend”iscalled_____
A.relationalopposite
Bsynonyms
C.complementary
D.gradableopposites
19.Whichdescriptionofthemeaningcomponentsoftheword“father”isright?
A.+human.+adult.-male
B.+human-adult.+male
C.-human+adult.–male
D.+human+adult.+male
20.“Yellow”hasdifferentmeaningstoChineseortowesternpeople,thatisits__________
A.conceptualmeaning
B.cognitivemeaning
C.associativemeaning
D.stylisticmeaning
21.X:
HehasbeentoFrance.
Y:
HehasbeentoEurope
TherelationshipofAandBis_________
A.synonymous
B.inconsistent
C.XentailingY
D.XpresupposingY
22.Theambiguityin“passtheport”iscausedby________
A.lexicalitems
B.agrammaticalstructure
C.homonymy
D.polysemy
21.C22.D
23._____isNOTapairofhomophones.
A.“Rain”（watercondensedfromatmospherevaporandfallingindrops）and“regin”（exerciseofsovereignpower,asbyamonarch）
B.“Rea”（anyofvarioussmall,wingless,bloodsuckinginsects）and“flee”（toescape）
C.“Lead”（toguide）and“lead”（internalofadullbluish-greycolourthatmeltseasily）
D.“Compliment”（anexpressionofpraise,admiration,orcongratulation）and“complement”（somethingthatcompletes,makesupawholeorbringstoperfection）
24.Theword“luggage”and“baggage”are_____
A.synonymsdifferinginemotivemeaning
B.dialectalsynonyms
C.collocationally-restrictedsynonyms
D.synonymsdifferinginstyles
25.Componentialanalysisisamethodappliedinthefieldof_____
A.phonetics
B.syntax
C.semantics
D.pragmatics
26.“Big”and“small”arepartof_____opposites
A.complementary
B,gradable
C.complete
D.converse
（二）
1.Syntaxmainlydealswith_______
A.howalanguagechangesthroughtime
B.howwordsarecombinedtoformsentencesandtherulesthatgoverntheformationofsentences
C.howthehumanworkwhentheyuselanguage
D.howalanguagevariedthroughgeographicalspace
2.Syntacticcategoriescontainthetypeof_____
A.meaningthatwordsexpress
B.affixesthatthewordstake
C.structuresinwhichthewordscanoccur
D.Alloftheabove
3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheconcernofawordcategory?
A.Awordcategorycanbedeterminedbymeaninginflectionanddistribution
B.Todetermineaword’scategorybyitsmeaningonlyisoftennotreliable
C.Aword’scategorycanbeembodieddirectlyfromitsmeaning
D.Distributionismorereliablethanthemeaningtodetermineaword’scategory
4.Whatclementsdoesaphrasecontain?
A.Head,determinerandcomplement
B.Head,specifierandcomplement
C.Head,specifierandcomplementizer
D.Head,determinerandcomplementizer
4.B
5.Transformationalrulesdonotchangethebasisof______sentence
A.meaning
B.form
C.position
D.structure
6.Thecriteriatodetermineaword’scategoryincludeallthefollowingEXCEPT______
A.meaning
B.inflection
C.distribution
D.partsofspeech
7.Thesyntaxcomponentprovidesthe____forasentence
A.lexicon
B.structure
C.meaning
D.sound
8.Applicationofthetransformationalrulesyields_____structure.
A.phrase
B.deep
C.prelexical
D.surface
9.Thesamewordhasthesame___meaningtoallthespeakersofsamelanguage
A.conceptual
B.associative
D.affective
10.____isabranchoflinguisticthatstudieshowwordsareembodiedtoformsentencesandtherulesthatgoverntheformationofsentences
A.Semantics
B.Pragmatics
C.Syntax
D.Morphology
（三）
1.______isthesmallestunitoflanguageintermsofrelationshipbetweenexpressionandcontent.
A.Word
B.Morpheme
C.Allophone
D.Root
2.______studiestheinternalstructureofwords,andtherulesbywhichwordsareformed
A.Morphology
B.Syntax
C.Phonology
D.Semantics
3.Lexemeis_______
A.aphysicallydefinableunit
B.thecommonfactorunderlyingasetofforms
C.agrammaticalunit
D.anindefinableunit
4.An____languageisalanguageinwhichconceptsthatweexpressusingprepositions,possessiveadjectives,andsoonareexpressedasmorphsconcatenatedinthesamewordsastherelevantbase.{粘着语}
A.Inflecting
B.Agglutinating
C.Isolating
D.Analytical
5.Inthewordconceive,themorpheme–ceiveisa______
A.freeroot
B.boundroot
C.suffix
D.prefix
6.Thepluralaffixinthewordtablesisa（n）_______
A.inflectionalsuffix
B.derivationalsuffix
C.freemorpheme
D.root
7.WhichofthefollowingsoundsdoesnotbelongtotheallomorphoftheEnglishpluralmorpheme?
A.[s]B.[iz]C.[ai]D.[is]
8.WhichofthefollowingprocessoflexicalchangedoestheChineseword“人大”expressed?
A.Blending
B.Abbreviation
C.Borrowing
D.Back-formation
9.Whichofthefollowingwordsiscreatedthroughtheprocessofacronym?
A.ad
B.edit
C.AIDS
D.Bobo
10.Allwordscontaina______
A.rootmorpheme
B.boundmorpheme
C.prefix
D.suffix
11.Whichofthefollowingwordsisaderivationalone?
A.blackboard
B.teaches
C.consideration
D.books
12.______Belongstoaclosedwordclass
A.In
B.Beautiful
C.Noun
D.Create
13.Therelationshipbetween“fruit”and“apple”is____
A.homonymy
B.hyponymy
C.polysemy
D.synonymy
14.Theword“lab”isformedthrough_____
A.backformation
B.blending
C.clipping
D.derivation
（四）
1.______isthebranchoflinguisticswhichstudiesthecharacteristicsofspeechsoundsandprovidesmethodsfortheirdespcription.
A.Phonetics
B.Phonology
C.Semantics
D.Pragmatics
2.______studiesthesoundssysteminacertainlanguage.
A.Phonetics
B.Phonology
C.Semantics
D.Pragmatics
3.Whichofthefollowinggroupsofwordsisminimalpair?
A.but–pub
B.wet–which
C.cool–curl
D.fail–find
4.Minimalpairsareusedto______
A.findthedistinctivefeaturesofalanguage
B.findthephonemesofalanguage
C.comparetwowords
D.findtheallophonesofalanguage
5.Ifsimilarsoundsegmentsneveroccurinthesamephoneticenvironment,thentheyare______
A.twoseparatephonemes
B.twoallophonesofaphoneme
C.twofreevariationofaphoneme
D.minimalpair
6.Whichofthefollowingdistinctivefeaturescanbeusedtoseparate[k]from[g]?
A.Glottal（placeofarticulation）
B.Nasal
C.Voiced
D.Spread
7.Usually,suprasegmentalfeaturesinclude____lengthandpitch.
A.phoneme
B.speechsounds
C.syllable
D.stress
8.___isaindispensablefeatureofasyllable.
A.coda
B.onset
C.stem
D.peak
9.Theonsetofasyllablecanbecomposedof_____
A.onevowel
B.twovowel
C.threeconsonants
D.fourconsonants
10.Whereistheprimarystressofthewordphonology?
A.pho
B.no
C.lo
D.gy
11.In“Andwherearethey?
Andwherearethou.”,thelastword“thou”shouldbestressedbecauseitisinacomparativepositionwiththeword“they”.Wenamethiskindofsentencestressas_____.
A.structuralsentencestress
B.contrastivesentencestress
C.grammaticalsentencestress
D.primarysentencestress
12.Inisolatedreading（i.e.withoutanyspecificcontext）,theword“in”inthesentence“Sheisintheclassroom”shoul
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