人教版高中英语选修8课时作业2Learning about Language 1.docx

人教版高中英语选修8课时作业2Learning about Language 1.docx

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人教版高中英语选修8课时作业2LearningaboutLanguage1

PeriodTwo　LearningaboutLanguage

Ⅰ.完成句子

1．Mr.Johnsonwasdisappointedathisstudentsforhavinga________.

Mr.Johnson对他的学生很失望，因为他们的学习态度很消极。

答案　passivelearningattitude

2．Ihaven'tseenSarasinceshewasalittlegirl，andshehaschanged________.

自从Sara长大后，我就一直没见过她，我简直认不出她来了。

答案　beyondrecognition

3．Iwouldliketovisityouif________.

如果你方便的话，我想去看你。

答案　itisconvenientforyou

4．Tom________everySundayafternoontospendwithhisson.

汤姆每星期日下午拿出两小时和他的儿子在一起。

答案　setsasidetwohours

5．OnlywhenIleftmyparentsforItaly________howmuchIlovethem.

只有当我离开父母去意大利时，我才意识到我有多么爱他们。

答案　didIrealize

Ⅱ.完形填空

ThomasEdisontriedtwothousanddifferentmaterialstomakethelightbulb.Whennoneworkedsatisfactorily，hisassistant__1__，“Allourworkisinvain.Wehavelearnednothing.”

ThomasEdisonrepliedvery__2__，“Oh，wehavecomealongwayandwehave__3__alot.Wenowknowthattherearetwothousandmaterialswhichwecannot__4__tomakeagoodlightbulb.”

Ifyoulearnfromyourmistakes，thenyouare__5__.Ifyoulearnfromsomeoneelse'smistakes，thenyouareagenius.Successisnothingmorethanafewsimpledisciplines__6__dailyandfailureisnothingmorethanafewsmall__7__repeateddaily.

How__8__theabovelinesare！

Successtakes__9__.We'llmakemistakes__10__wedothingsintoomuchofahurry.Whenwedonotpracticedisciplinesinlife，wedon'tbuildenoughconfidenceto__11__newandchallengingtaskswhichareimportantandmatterinlife.Ourconfidence__12__whatwethinkofourselvesandwhetherwebelieveinourselves.Weareallbornwithexceptional__13__，butonlyafewreally__14__theirtruepotentialandmakeeffortsinlifeandtheothersjustleada（n）__15__life.Doyouwanttobeexceptional?

Successisafruitwhicheveryonewantsto__16__butitisnotfoundeverywhereandnoonecan__17__itwithoutseriousefforts.

Thosewhowanttosucceedwillfindaway；thosewhodon'twillfinda（n）__18__!

Successdependsuponprevious__19__，andwithoutitwewillendinfailure.Whenyouare__20__，pleaseenjoyitandgiveyourhandtootherswhowanttoaccomplishsomething.

1．A.celebrated　B．complained

C．explainedD．answered

答案　B　

解析　由爱迪生的助手所说的话可知，他有点灰心丧气，所以开始“抱怨（complained）”。

2．A.confidently　B．madlyC．carelessly　D．angrily

答案　A

解析　由后面爱迪生所说的话可知，爱迪生对发明锲而不舍，所以他对自己的工作充满了“信心”。

3．A.remembered　B．refused

C．learnedD．ordered

答案　C

解析　由爱迪生的乐观态度可知，他认为他们已经“学到了（learned）”很多。

上文中助手的话也有提示。

4．A.testB．ignoreC．inventD．use

答案　D

解析　试验证明有两千多种材料不能“用来（use）”做电灯泡。

5．A.healthyB．enthusiastic

C．intelligent　D．generous

答案　C

解析　此处与下句的“genius”呼应：

如果一个人善于从自己的错误中学习，那他就是“明智的（intelligent）”。

6．A.shownB．preventedC．recorded　D．practiced

答案　D

解析　成功就是每天要“实践（practiced）”的一些简单的行为准则。

7．A.errorsB．machinesC．jobsD．steps

答案　A

解析　失败来自于每天重复犯的“小错误（errors）”。

8．A.common　B．strangeC．familiar　D．true

答案　D

解析　这里用true表示作者完全认同上述这些话。

9．A.effectB．timeC．drugsD．roles

答案　B

解析　由下一句可知，成功需要时间。

10．A.asthough　　B．sothatC．unless　D．if

答案　D

解析　如果太着急就会犯错误。

if在此引导一个条件状语从句。

11．A.keepB．attemptC．giveD．see

答案　B

解析　我们不在生活中实践这些准则，就没有足够的自信心去“尝试（attempt）”新的具有挑战性的任务。

12．A.dependson　B．setsaside

C．turnsdown　D．setsup

答案　A

解析　由上下文可知，我们的自信“取决于（dependson）”我们对自己的看法。

13．A.appearances　B．experiences

C．qualitiesD．feelings

答案　C

解析　我们每个人生来都具有卓越的“品质（qualities）”。

其他选项不符合常理。

14．A.ownB．realizeC．provide　D．research

答案　B

解析　但是只有一小部分人“发挥了（realize）”自己的潜能。

realizeone'spotential发挥某人的潜能。

15．A.active　B．hardC．richD．average

答案　D

解析　此处选“平庸的（average）”与上下文中的“exceptional”形成对比。

16．A.sellB．drawC．eatD．praise

答案　C

解析　成功就像人人都想“吃（eat）”的果实，此处用来比喻人人都想拥有成功。

17．A.achieve　B．watchC．offerD．recognize

答案　A

解析　不付出努力，你就无法“获得（achieve）”成功。

18．A.story　B．excuseC．key　D．plan

答案　B

解析　想成功的人总是寻找办法，而不想成功的人总是寻找“借口（excuse）”。

19．A.preparation　B．influence

C．lifeD．generation

答案　A

解析　精心准备会走向成功，反之，则注定会失败。

20．A.powerful　B．wonderfulC．successful　D．hopeful

答案　C

解析　当你“成功（successful）”时，享受它并帮助其他想取得成功的人。

Ⅲ.阅读理解

A

MarieCuriewasaPolishphysicistandchemistwholivedbetween1867—1934.Togetherwithherhusband，Pierre，shediscoveredtwonewelements（radiumandpolonium，tworadioactiveelementsthattheyextractedchemicallyfrompitch－blendedore）andstudiedtheX－raystheyemitted.ShefoundthattheharmfulpropertiesofX－rayswereabletokilltumors.BytheendofWorldWarⅠ，MarieCuriewasprobablythemostfamouswomanintheworld.Shehadmadeaconsciousdecision，however，nottopatentmethodsofprocessingradiumoritsmedicalapplications.

MarieCuriewasbornonNovember7，1867inPolandanddiedonJuly4，1934.Herco－discoverywithherhusbandPierreCurieoftheradioactiveelementsradiumandpoloniumrepresentsoneofthebest－knownstoriesinmodernscienceforwhichtheywererecognizedin1901withtheNobelPrizeinPhysics.In1911，MarieCuriewashonoredwithasecondNobelPrize，thistimeinChemistry，tohonorherforsuccessfullyisolatingpureradiumanddeterminingradium'satomicweight.

Asachild，MarieCurieamazedpeoplewithhergreatmemory.Shelearnedtoreadwhenshewasonlyfouryearsold.HerfatherwasaprofessorofscienceandtheinstrumentsthathekeptinaglasscasefascinatedMarie.Shedreamedofbecomingascientist，butthatwouldnotbeeasy.Herfamilybecameverypoor，andattheageof18，Mariebecameagoverness.ShehelpedpayforhersistertostudyinParis.Later，hersisterhelpedMariewithhereducation.In1891，MarieattendedtheSorbonneUniversityinPariswhereshemetandmarriedPierreCurie，awell－knownphysicist.

MarieCuriecontributedgreatlytoourunderstandingofradioactivityandtheeffectsofX－rays.ShereceivedtwoNobelPrizesforherbrilliantwork，butdiedofleukaemia，causedbyherrepeatedexposuretoradioactivematerials.

1．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A．TogiveusageneralintroductiontoMadameCurie.

B．ToshowushowMadameCuriediscoveredradium.

C．TotellushowMadameCuriedevelopedasascientist.

D．TotellushowMadameCuriereceivedtwoNobelPrizes.

答案　A

解析　主旨大意题。

通读全文可知。

2．MadameCuriewasgiventheNobelPrizeinChemistrybecause________.

A．shediscoveredradium

B．sheseparatedpureradiumandcalculateditsatomicweight

C．shediscoveredpolonium

D．shedidn'tpatentmethodsofprocessingradium

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。

根据文中第二段最后一句话可知答案为B项。

3．WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutMadameCurieisNOTtrue?

A．MadameCuriemadegreatcontributionstomedicalscience.

B．MadameCuriewasverysmartandambitiouswhenshewasachild.

C．MadameCuriereceivedtwoNobelPrizesinPhysics.

D．MadameCurie'shusbandhelpedheralotinherresearch.

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。

根据第二段内容可知居里夫人两次获得诺贝尔奖，第一次是诺贝尔物理学奖，第二次是诺贝尔化学奖。

4．Wecaninferfromthethirdparagraphthat________.

①MadameCuriegotmarriedwhenshewasatcollege.

②MadameCuriehadagreatambitionwhenshewasyoung.

③MadameCurielovedteachingmorethananythingelse.

④MadameCuriemusthavemetalotofdifficultiestogethigheducation.

⑤HerfatherhadagreatinfluenceonMadameCurie'sfuturecareer.

⑥MadameCuriewasverysmartwhenshewasachild.

A．①②④⑤⑥　B．②④⑤⑥

C．②③④⑤⑥　D．①②③④⑤

答案　B

解析　推理判断题。

根据第一、二句话可知居里夫人非常聪明；由第三句可知居里夫人的父亲对她有很大影响；由第四句可知她有很大的抱负；根据第五句话可知她所遇到的困难。

她当家庭教师只是由于家庭贫穷；根据最后一句话可知她在上大学期间遇到了她丈夫，但结婚不一定是在求学期间。

B

Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorsareformed.It'snoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheriscompetitive.

Socialscientistsare,ofcourse,extremelyinterestedinthesetypesofquestions.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviors.Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwodistinctschoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpect,thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother,andthereisagreatdealofdebatebetweenproponentsofeachtheory.Theargumentisoftenconvenientlyreferredtoasnaturevs.nurture.

Thosewhosupportthe“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalandgeneticfactors.Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehavioriscentraltothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheorymaintainsthatourbehaviorispredetermined（注定）tosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyourinstincts（本能）.

Proponentsofthe“nurture”theory,or,astheyareoftencalled,behaviorists,claimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.Behavioristsseehumansasbeingswhosebehaviorisalmostcompletelyshapedbytheirsurroundings.Theirviewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic;theymaintainthat,likemachines,humansrespondtoenvironmentalstimuli（somethingthathelpssb/sthtodevelopbetterandmorequickly）asthebasisoftheirbehavior.

Thesocialandpoliticalconnectionsofthesetwotheoriesaresignificant.IntheUnitedStates,forexample,blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligenttest.Thisleadssome“nature”proponentstoconcludethatblacksaregeneticallyworsethanwhites.Behaviorists,incontrast,saythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftenrobbedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy,andthat,asaresult,theydonotdevelopthesameresponsesthatwhitesdo.

Neitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehavior.Infact,itisquitelikelythatthekeytoourbehaviorliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremes.Thattheargumentwillcontinueforalongtimeiscertain.

5．Theauthorismainlyconcernedaboutsolvingtheproblem________.

A．whyourpersona