高考英语三轮冲刺大题提分大题精做3阅读理解议论文.docx
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高考英语三轮冲刺大题提分大题精做3阅读理解议论文
阅读理解议论文
精选大题
A
【2018·全国II】We’veallbeenthere:
inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.
What’stheproblem?
It’spossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconversationalintelligence.It’smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit’sawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkit’sannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit’saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.
Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan’tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn’tevenexistifitweren’tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease（润滑剂）forsocialcommunication,saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast.“Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,”heexplains.“Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem.”
Ina2014study,ElizabethDunn,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC,invitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteraction（互动）withitswaiter;theother,tospeakonlywhennecessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.“It’snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband,”saysDunn.“Butinteractionswithperipheral（边缘的）membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwell-beingalso.”
Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging,abondwithothers.Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmalltalk.“Smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmanners,”hesays.
1.Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?
A.Addictiontosmartphones.
B.Inappropriatebehavioursinpublicplaces.
C.Absenceofcommunicationbetweenstrangers.
D.Impatiencewithslowservice.
2.WhatisimportantforsuccessfulsmalltalkaccordingtoCarducci?
A.Showinggoodmanners.B.Relatingtootherpeople.
C.Focusingonatopic.D.Makingbusinessdeals.
3.Whatdoesthecoffee-shopstudysuggestaboutsmalltalk?
A.Itimprovesfamilyrelationships.B.Itraisespeople’sconfidence.
C.Itmattersasmuchasaformaltalk.D.Itmakespeoplefeelgood.
4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.ConversationCountsB.WaysofMakingSmallTalk
C.BenefitsofSmallTalkD.UncomfortableSilence
【答案】1-4CBDC
【解析】这是一篇议论文。
在当今社会，人们在公共场合或沉迷于智能手机，或与不舒服的沉默抗争，陌生人之间缺乏沟通。
但人与人之间是需要适当的交谈闲聊的，闲聊是人际关系社会交往必不可少的部分，而且也有很多好处。
1.C主旨大意题。
题干问的是：
第一段描述了什么现象。
在公共场合（比如在电梯里，在银行排队，或在飞机上）人们深深地专注于他们的智能手机，或者更糟糕的是，与不舒服的沉默抗争。
由此可知，陌生人之间缺乏沟通。
A项意为：
沉迷于智能手机。
B项意为：
在公共场所不适当的行为。
C项意为：
陌生人之间缺乏沟通。
D项意为：
对缓慢的服务不耐烦。
故选C项。
2.B推理判断题。
题干问得是对于Carducci来说，成功的闲聊中重要的是什么。
根据第三段最后一句“Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem”（成功闲聊的关键是学习如何与他们交流，而不仅仅是与他们沟通。
）由此推断B符合题意。
A项意为：
表现出良好的礼貌。
B项意为：
与他人有关的。
C项意为：
专注于一个话题。
D项意为：
做商业交易。
故选B项。
3.D推理判断题。
题干问的是：
咖啡店的研究对闲聊有什么建议。
根据第四段的调查结果可知，那些与服务员聊天的人，有显著的积极情绪和更好的咖啡店体验。
由此可知，D项符合题意。
A项意为：
闲聊改善了家庭关系。
B项意为：
闲聊提高了人们的信心。
C项意为：
闲聊和正式谈话一样重要。
D项意为：
闲聊让人感觉很好。
故选D项。
4.C主旨大意题。
整篇文章刚开始介绍了社会的现象（公共场合人们沉迷于智能手机，陌生人之间缺乏沟通交流），接着分析了这一问题的原因，接下来有专家对闲聊进行了研究，最后得出结论，闲聊都有什么样的好处。
A项意为：
谈话很重要。
B项意为：
闲聊的方法。
C项意为：
闲聊的好处。
D项意为：
不舒服的沉默。
故选C项。
B
【2018·江苏】Inthe1760s,MathurinRozeopenedaseriesofshopsthatboasted（享有）aspecialmeatsoupcalledconsomme.Althoughthemainattractionwasthesoup,Roze’schainshopsalsosetanewstandardfordiningout,whichhelpedtoestablishRozeastheinventorofthemodernrestaurant.
Today,scholarshavegeneratedlargeamountsofinstructiveresearchaboutrestaurants.Takevisualhintsthatinfluencewhatweeat:
dinersservedthemselvesabout20percentmorepasta（意大利面食）whentheirplatesmatchedtheirfood.Whenadark-coloredcakewasservedonablackplateratherthanawhiteone,customersrecognizeditassweeterandtastier.
Lightingmatters,too.WhenBerlinrestaurantcustomersateindarkness,theycouldn’ttellhowmuchthey’dhad:
thosegivenextra-largesharesatemorethaneveryoneelse,butwerenonethewiser—theydidn’tfeelfuller,andtheywerejustasreadyfordessert.
Timeismoney,butthatprinciplemeansdifferentthingsfordifferenttypesofrestaurants.Unlikefast-foodplaces.finediningshopsprefercustomerstostaylongerandspend.Onewaytoencouragecustomerstostayandorderthatextraround:
putonsomeMozart（莫扎特）.Whenclassical,ratherthanpop,musicwasplaying,dinersspentmore.Fastmusichurrieddinersout.Particularscentsalsohaveaneffect:
dinerswhogotthescentoflavender（薰衣草）stayedlongerandspentmorethanthosewhosmelledlemon,ornoscent.
Meanwhile,thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—"bad"tables,crowding,highprices—don’tnecessarily.Dinersatbadtables—nexttothekitchendoor,say—spentnearlyasmuchasothersbutsoonfled.Itcanbeconcludedthatrestaurantkeepersneednot"beoverlyconcernedabout‘badtables,’giventhatthey’reprofitable.Asforcrowds,aHongKongstudyfoundthattheyincreasedarestaurant’sreputation,suggestinggreatfoodatfairprices.Anddoublingabuffet’spriceledcustomerstosaythatitspizzawas11percenttastier.
5.Theunderlinedphrase“nonethewiser”inparagraph3mostprobablyimpliesthatthecustomerswere.
A.notawareofeatingmorethanusual
B.notwillingtosharefoodwithothers
C.notconsciousofthefoodquality
D.notfondofthefoodprovided
6.Howcouldafinediningshopmakemoreprofit?
A.Playingclassicalmusic.
B.Introducinglemonscent.
C.Makingthelightbrighter,
D.Usingplatesoflargersize.
7.Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?
A.Tipstoattractmorecustomers.
B.Problemsrestaurantsarefacedwith.
C.Waystoimproverestaurants'reputation.
D.Commonmisunderstandingsaboutrestaurants.
【答案】5-7AAD
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。
论述了现代餐馆面临的经营困境和解决方案，通过对比快餐店和正规餐馆提出，现代餐饮业可以通过味道（比如薰衣草相比柠檬更能刺激消费者的食欲）、灯光的明暗（比如暗的灯光更能够刺激顾客食欲）等吸引顾客。
5.A词义猜测题。
根据该句中“…theydidn’tfeelfuller,andtheywerejustasreadyfordessert”可知，他们没有感觉更饱，想要再吃一点甜点；据此可以判断，划线词表示“他们没有意识到比平时吃得多”，故选A项。
6.A细节理解题。
根据第四段第三、四句“Onewaytoencouragecustomerstostayandorderthatextraround:
putonsomeMozart（莫扎特）.Whenclassical,ratherthanpop,musicwasplaying,dinersspentmore.”可知，在餐馆播放古典音乐能延长顾客在餐馆的时间，从而促进餐馆赢得更多的利润，故选A项。
7.D主旨大意题。
通读尾段可知，该段第一句“Meanwhile,thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—“badtables,crowding,highprices—don’tnecessarily”为该段的主题段；结合全段内容可知，该段主要论述了人们对餐馆的常见误解，故选D项。
A
【中原名校2018-2019学年高三第四次质量考评英语试题】Ihaveanentrepreneurfriend,Arthur,whoalwayswearsasuit.ItakethemickthatI’veneverseenhimincasualclothesandhisresponseis:
“Thesuitistheuniformofbusiness.”Butinmybusiness,theuniformhasoftenbeentornjeansandglitterorcomputerprogrammerT-shirts.Eitherway,workclothingcanbeflexible,aslongasit’sappropriate.AtWAHNails,manyoftheteamsaythatoneofthespecialbenefitsisthattheydon’thavetosuppress（抑制）theiridentityatwork.Butwhenweopenedinanewlocation,Ithoughtweneededauniformtomakethenailartistseasilyidentifiable.IntheteammeetingshowingpotentialbrandedT-shirts,oneoftheartists,Holli,saidsheepishly:
“ButwhenI’mwearingaplainblacklogoT-shirt,Ijustdon’tfeelmy‘Stylebrat’self.”（StylebratisherInstagramname.）Shewasright.Wehiredwomenwithuniquetaste,sowhywasItryingtoturnthemintoahomogenous（同类的）workerarmy?
Wegotridoftheshirtsandeveryonewasrelieved.
Ontheotherhand,withoutauniformorloosedresscode,Ipersonallystruggletokeepthestylebarhigheveryday.IlovegoingintoofficeswhereIseethatthefounderhasadistinctstylethathasmovedslowlydowntotheteam.Inthefashionindustryespecially,thisappropriationofcrewstyleshowsharmonious,whichisessentialforbusinesssuccess.Workclothingcanuniteyouinyourgoals.Italsoremovesdistraction.
Ihavenohesitationwearingthesame（clean）outfittwodaysinarow.I’dsaymylookisBusyWorkingStyleMom,mixingsportswearwithsuiting.Ihave10blackjacketsthatIpairwithoneof20blueZarajeans.Sometimesyou’rejusttheretogetthejobdone,nottoworryalotaboutyourappearance.
8.WhatistheclothingstyleofthestaffatWAHNails?
A.Itisformal.B.Itisfashionable.
C.Itischaracteristic.D.Itistraditional.
9.Whatdoestheparagraph2mainlytalkabout?
A.Astylelovedbyallworkersinacompany.
B.Thebenefitsofwearingauniforminwork.
C.Theimportanceofthefounders’tasteinfashion.
D.Theimportanceofafriendlyatmosphereinbusiness.
10.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestpeopledointhelastparagraph?
A.Womenshouldhavetheirownstyle.
B.Workerscanwearjeansinsteadofdresses.
C.Peoplecanwearthesameclothesforseveraldays.
D.Peopleshouldnotcaretoomuchabouttheirappearance.
11.Whomaythetextbeintendedfor?
A.Artists.B.Computerprogrammers.
C.Workingstaff.D.Womenteachers.
【答案】8-11CBDC
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者就上班时人们究竟该如何穿着这一话题给出了她自己的看法：
不要过于在意自己的外表，把工作做好才是关键。
8.C推理判断题。
根据第一段中的“Wehiredwomenwithuniquetaste,sowhywasItryingtoturnthemintoahomogenous（同类的）workerarmy?
”可知，我们雇佣了有独特品味的女性，所以我为什么要把她们变成同质的工人大军？
由此可知，WAHNails的工装风格是有特色的，故C项正确。
9.B主旨大意题。
根据第二段内容，特别是“Workclothingcanuniteyouinyourgoals.Italsoremovesdistraction.”可知，工装能让你们在目标上团结一致，还能消除干扰，由此可知，本段主要介绍了穿工装的好处，故B项正确。
10.D细节理解题。
根据最后一段“Sometimesyou’rejusttheretogetthejobdone,nottoworryalotaboutyourappeara
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