32 世界与环境11ok英语阅读理解精选.docx

32 世界与环境11ok英语阅读理解精选.docx

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32世界与环境11ok英语阅读理解精选

Passage1

Theworlditselfisbecomingmuchsmallerbyusingmoderntrafficandmoderncommunicationmeans.Lifetodayismucheasierthanitwashundredsofyearsago,butithasbroughtnewproblems.Oneofthebiggestproblemsispollution.Topollutemeanstomakethingsdirty.Pollutioncomesinmanyways.Weseeit,smellit,drinkitandevenhearit.

Manhasbeenpollutingtheearth.Themorepeople,themorepollution.Manyyearsago,theproblemwasnotsoseriousbecausetherewerenotsomanypeople.Whenthelandwasuseduportheriverwasdirtyinoneplace,manmovedtoanotherplace.Butthisisnolongertrue.

Manycountriesaremakingrulestofightpollution.Theystoppeoplefromburningcoalinhousesandfactoriesinthecity,andfromputtingdirtysmokeintotheair.PollutionbySO2isnowthemostdangerouskindofairpollution.Itiscausedbyheavytraffic.Wearesurethatiftherearefewerpeopledriving,therewillbelessairpollution.

Theearthisourhome.Wemusttakecareofit.Thatmeanskeepingtheland,waterandairclean.Andwemusttakecareoftheriseinpollutionatthesametime.

1._______,ourworldisbecomingmuchsmaller.

A.Becauseoftheriseinpollution

B.Thankstosciencedevelopment

C.Becausetheearthisbeingpolluteddayandnight

D.Becausetheearthisblownawaybythewindeveryyear

2.Hundredsofyearsago,lifewas__________itistoday.

A.mucheasierthanB.aseasyas

C.muchharderthanD.ashardas

3.Pollutioncomesinmanyways.Wecanevenhearit.Here“it”means_______.

A.rubbish（垃圾）B.noisepollution

C.airpollutionD.waterpollution

4.Airpollutionisthemostseriouskindofpollutionbecause_______.

A.itmakesmuchnoise

B.itmakesusangrymoreeasily

C.itmakesourriversandlakesdirty

D.it’sbadforalllivingthingsintheworld

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.Manycountriesaremakingrulestofightpollution.

B.Thepollutionoftheearthgrowsasfastastheworldpopulationdoes.

C.Theproblemofpollutionisnotsoseriousbecausetherearenotsomanypeoplelivingontheearth.

D.Ifpeoplecouldgotoworkbybusorbikeinsteadofcarormotorbike,itwouldbehelpfulinfightingagainsttheproblemofSO2.

参考答案：

BCBDC

【答案与解析】本文谈到全球环境污染这个问题，同时号召人们来为我们的家园——地球出一份力，减少污染。

1.B。

由文章的首句我们得知：

世界变小是由于moderntrafficandmoderncommunicationmeans（现在的交通运输工具和沟通工具的使用），而这一切都要靠科学技术的发展，据此我们可以推出答案是B。

2.C。

原文的第2句告诉我们Lifetodayismucheasierthanitwashundredsofyearsago（今天的生活比以前容易得多），反过来说，以前的生活一定比今天的艰难，所以答案是C。

3.B。

在众多选项中，只有选项B（noisepollution噪音污染）是听得见的。

4.D。

我们根据第4段的第1,2句Airpollutionisstillthemostserious.It’sbadforalllivingthingsintheworld…，可以得知空气污染之所以最为严重，正如选项D（它是危害全世界生物的）所说的那样。

5.C。

选项C可以在原文第2段的第2句找到，但它缺少了前提条件manyyearsago（以前不严重而现在严重），所以选项C是错误的。

Passage2

Theofficehasalwaysbeenaplacetogetahead.Unfortunately,Itisalsoaplacewherealotofnaturalresourcesstarttofallbehind.Takealookaroundnexttimeyou’reatwork.Seehowmanylightsareleftonwhenpeopleleave.Seehowmuchpaperisbeingwasted.Howmuchelectricityisbeingusedtoruncomputersthatarelefton.Lookathowmuchwaterisbeingwastedintherest-rooms.Andhowmuchsolidwasteisbeingthrownoutintherubbishcans.Webetit’salot.

Now,herearesomesimplewaysyoucanproducelesswasteatwork.Whenyouareatthecopier,onlymakethecopiesyouneed.Usebothsidesofthepaperwhenwritingsomethinglessimportant.Turnoffyourlightswhenyouleave.Usealowerwattbulbinyourlamp.Drinkyourcoffeeorteaoutofyourmugsinsteadofsingle-usecups.Setuparecyclingboxforcansandoneforbottles.Andwhenyou’reinthebathroombrushingyourteethorwashingyourface,don’tletthetaprun.Remember,ifweusefewerresourcestoday,we’llsavemorefortomorrow.

1.Themainpurposeofthepassageistotellpeople_______.

A.thedisadvantagesofworkinginanoffice

B.thewasteproducedinanoffice

C.tosaveresourceswhenworkinginanoffice

D.howtosavewaterinarestroom

2.Howmanykindsofwastearementionedinthepassage？

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.

3.Fromthepassagewecaninferthatintheoffice________.

A.usingcomputersisawasteofresource

B.manypeopledon’tturnoffthecomputersafterusingthem

C.computersarerunbyelectricity

D.acomputerisnotamustforworking

4.Itissuggestedthatweusebothsidesofthepaperatthecopierbecause_______.

A.weareshortofpaperB.theprintingisnotimportant

C.weshouldsavepaperD.wehavetopayforthepaper

5.Theunderlinedwordmugsismostlikelytobe_______.

A.amachinethatmakescoffee

B.acontainerthatcanbeusedagainandagain

C.apaperproductfortea

D.somethingthatcanonlybefoundinanoffice

【答案解析】本文介绍了办公室资源浪费情况及节约办公资源的办法。

1.C。

推断题。

根据第2段的内容可知，文章是告诉人们怎样在办公的时候节约资源。

2.C。

细节题。

文章提到的资源浪费现象有：

lightsarelefton;paperisbeingwasted;electricityisbeingusedtoruncomputersthatarelefton;waterisbeingwastedintherest-rooms;solidwasteisbeingthrownoutintherubbishcans等。

其中lightsarelefton和electricityisbeingusedtoruncomputersthatarelefton同属于浪费电，因此文章中一共提到4种资源浪费，即选C。

3.B。

细节题。

根据Howmuchelectricityisbeingusedtoruncomputersthatarelefton可知答案为B。

4.C。

推断题。

根据Usebothsidesofthepaperwhenwritingsomethinglessimportant可以判断，两面打印可以节约纸张，避免不必要的浪费。

5.B。

词义猜测题。

根据Drinkyourcoffeeorteaoutofyourmugsinsteadofsingle-usecups.我们可以看出mugs和“single-usecups（一次性杯子）”相对，故可推测出mugs是“可反复使用的容器”。

Passage3

TheWorldTradeOrganization（WTO）,foundedonJanuary1,1995,aimstoencourageinternationaltradetoflowasfreelyaspossible,makingsurethattradeagreementsarerespectedandthatanydisputes（争端）canbesettled.

Inthefiveyearssinceitsfounding,theWTOhasbecomewell-knownasoneoftheworld’smostpowerfuleconomicorganizations,takingitsplacealongsidetheWorldBankandInternationalMonetaryFund.

Thesystemofglobalrulesforinternationaltrade,however,datesbackhalfacenturyto1948whentheGeneralAgreementonTariffs（关税）andTrade（GATT）wasformedafterWorldWarⅡ.

Astimewentby,itbecameclearthattheGATThadtwomajordrawbacks—thelimitedareasoftradeitcovered,andthelackofaneffectivesystemtosettledisputes.

Aftersevenyearsoftradetalksendingin1994,theso-calledUruguayRoundfinallygavebirthtotheWTO,completewithaneffectivesystemtosettledisputes,andnewrolescoveringtradeinservicesandintellectualproperty（知识产权）.

Evenaftersevenyearsoftalksand22,500pagesofagreementstherewerestillproblems,especiallythedifficult-to-dealwithareasofagricultureandservices,whichthemembernationsagreedtorevisein2000.

TheWTO,withitsheadofficeinGeneva,has135memberswith30morewaitingtojoin.

1.FromthepassageweknowthattheGATTstoppedworking_______.

A.soonafterWorldWarⅡended

B.alittlemorethan50yearsafterworldWarⅡ

C.Justintheyear1994

D.sevenyearsbeforetheUruguayRoundtalk

2.ComparedwiththeGATT,theWTO_______.

A.doesn’tpayenoughattentiontoservicesandintellectualproperty

B.getsitsmemberstosigntheagreementsmoreeasily

C.hasgottoomanyareasofinternationaltradetodealwithtoworkeffectively

D.candobettertosettledisputesinmoreareasofinternationaltrade

3.Inthenewcentury,theWTOwill_______.

A.taketheplaceoftheWorldBankandInternationalMonetaryFund

B.havemoremembersanddomuchmoretosettlemoreproblems

C.makecompletenewrolesineveryareaofinternationaltrade

D.havenewrolescovetingtradeinservicesandintellectualproperty

4.Theunderlinedword“drawbacks”means_______.

A.changesB.weakpointsC.strongpointsD.improvements

【答案解析】本文阐述了世贸组织代替关贸总协定是时代的需要，同时说明了它任重而道远。

1.C。

推断题。

根据Aftersevenyearsoftradetalksendingin1994,theso-calledUruguayRoundfinallygavebirthtotheWTO,…可知在WTO诞生的同时，GATT也就即刻停止了运行，故选答案C。

2.D。

细节题。

根据Aftersevenyearsoftradetalksendingin1994,theso-calledUruguayRoundfinallygavebirthtotheWTO,completewithaneffectivesystemtosettledispute,andnewrolescoveringtradeinservicesandintellectualproperty得知WTO在解决争端方面具有更有效的体系，并且覆盖了贸易服务及知识产权等更多的领域，由此可知D为正确答案。

3.B。

细节题。

根据TheWTO,…has135memberswith30morewaitingtojoin及Evenaftersevenyearsoftalksand22,500pagesofagreementstherewerestillproblems可知成员国数量在增加，而且通过谈话和争取达成的协议来解决更多的问题，据此选B。

4.B。

词义猜测题。

…theGATThadtowmajordrawbacks—thelimitedareasoftradeitcovered,andthelackofaneffectivesystemtosettledisputes这句话的意思是：

一是它所覆盖的领域有限；二是缺乏解决争端的有效体系。

由此可知drawbacks意为不足之处，故选答案B。

Passage4

In1993,NewYorkStateorderedstorestochargemoneyonbeverage（饮料）containers.Withinayear,consumershadreturnedmillionsofaluminumcansandglassandplasticbottles.Plentyofcompanieswereeagertoacceptthealuminumandglassasrawmaterialfornewproducts,butbecausefewcouldfigureoutwhattodowiththeplastic,muchofitwoundendupburiedinlandfills（垃圾填埋场）.TheproblemwasnotlimitedtoNewYork.Unfortunately,thereweretoofewusesforsecond-handplastic.

Today,oneoutoffiveplasticsodabottlesisrecycledintheUnitedStates.Thereasonforthechangeisthatnowtherearedozensofcompaniesacrossthecountrybuyingdiscarded（被丢弃的）plasticsodabottlesandturningthemintofencepost,paintbrushes,etc.

AstheNewYorkexperienceshows,recyclinginvolvesmorethansimplyseparatingvaluablematerialsfromtherestoftherubbish.Adiscardremainsadiscarduntilsomebodyfiguresouthowtogiveitasecondlife—anduntileconomicarrangementsexisttogivethatsecondlifevalue.Withoutenoughmarketstotakeinm