高考英语大题冲关秘笈 阅读理解之说明文 体验真题.docx
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高考英语大题冲关秘笈阅读理解之说明文体验真题
2017高考英语大题冲关秘笈阅读理解之说明文体验真题
Passage1(2016•全国新课标ⅡC)
Readingcanbeasocialactivity.Thinkofthepeoplewhobelongtobookgroups.Theychoosebookstoreadandthenmeettodiscussthem.Now,thewebsiteBookCturnsthepageonthetraditionalideaofabookgroup.
Membersgoonthesiteandregisterthebookstheyownandwouldliketoshare.BookCrossingprovidesanidentificationnumbertostickinsidethebook.Thenthepersonleavesitinapublicplace,hopingthatthebookwillhaveanadventure,travelingfarandwidewitheachnewreaderwhofindsit.
BrucePederson,themanagingdirectorofBookCrossing,says,"Thetwothingsthatchangeyourlifearethepeopleyoumeetandbooksyouread.BookCrossingcombinesboth."
Membersleavebooksonparkbenchesandbuses,intrainstationsandcoffeeshops.Whoeverfindstheirbookwillgotothesiteandrecordwheretheyfoundit.
Peoplewhofindabookcanalsoleaveajournalentrydescribingwhattheythoughtofit.E-mailsarethensenttotheBookCrosserstokeepthemupdatedaboutwheretheirbookshavebeenfound.BrucePedersonsaystheideaisforpeoplenottobeselfishbykeepingabooktogatherdustonashelfathome.
BookCrossingispartofatrendamongpeoplewhowanttogetbacktothe"real"andnotthevirtual(虚拟).Thesitenowhasmorethanonemillionmembersinmorethanonehundredthirty-fivecountries.
1.Whydoestheauthormentionbookgroupsinthefirstparagraph?
A.Toexplainwhattheyare.
B.TointroduceBookCrossing.
C.Tostresstheimportanceofreading.
D.Toencouragereaderstosharetheirideas.
2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph2referto?
A.Thebook.B.Anadventure.
C.Apublicplace.D.Theidentificationnumber.
3.WhatwillaBookCrosserdowithabookafterreadingit?
A.Meetotherreaderstodiscussit.
B.Keepitsafeinhisbookcase.
C.Passitontoanotherreader.
D.Mailitbacktoitsowner.
4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.OnlineReading:
AVirtualTour
B.ElectronicBooks:
ANewTrend
C.ABookGroupBringsTraditionBack
D.AWebsiteLinksPeoplethroughBooks
Passage2(2016•北京C)
CaliforniaCondor’sShockingRecovery
CaliforniacondorsareNorthAmerica’slargestbirds,withwing-lengthofupto3meters.Inthe1980s,electricallinesandleadpoisoning(铅中毒)nearlydrovethemtodyingout.Now,electricshocktrainingandmedicaltreatmentarehelpingtorescuethesebigbirds.
Inthelate1980s,thelastfewcondorsweretakenfromthewildtobebred(繁殖).Since1992,therehavebeenmultiplereintroductionstothewild,andtherearenowmorethan150flyingoverCaliforniaandnearbyArizona,UtahandBajainMexico.
Electricallineshavebeenkillingthemoff."Astheygointorestforthenight,theyjustdon’tseethepowerlines,"saysBruceRideoutofSanDiegoZoo.Theirwingscanbridgethegapbetweenlines,resultinginelectrocution(电死)iftheytouchtwolinesatonce.
Soscientistshavecomeupwithashockingidea.Tallpoles,placedinlargetrainingareas,teachthebirdstostayclearofelectricallinesbygivingthemapainfulbutundeadlyelectricshock.Beforethetrainingwasintroduced,66%ofset-freebirdsdiedofelectrocution.Thishasnowdroppedto18%.
Leadpoisoninghasprovedmoredifficulttodealwith.Whencondorseatdeadbodiesofotheranimalscontaininglead,theyabsorblargequantitiesoflead.Thisaffectstheirnervoussystemsandabilitytoproducebabybirds,andcanleadtokidney(肾)failureanddeath.SocondorswithhighlevelsofleadaresenttoLosAngelesZoo,wheretheyaretreatedwithcalciumEDTA,achemicalthatremovesleadfromthebloodoverseveraldays.Thisworkisstartingtopayoff.Theannualdeathrateforadultcondorshasdroppedfrom38%in2000to5.4%in2011.
Rideout’steamthinksthattheCaliforniacondors’averagesurvivaltimeinthewildisnowjustundereightyears."Althoughthesemeasuresarenoteffectiveforever,theyarevitalfornow,"hesays."Theyaretrulygoodbirdsthatarewortheveryeffortweputintorecoveringthem."
1.Californiacondorsattractresearchers’interestbecausethey__________.
A.areactiveatnight
B.hadtobebredinthewild
C.arefoundonlyinCalifornia
D.almostdiedoutinthe1980s
2.Researchershavefoundelectricallinesare___________.
A.blockingcondors’journeyhome
B.bigkillersofCaliforniacondors
C.restplacesforcondorsatnight
D.usedtokeepcondorsaway
3.AccordingtoParagraph5,leadpoisoning___________.
A.makescondorstoonervoustofly
B.haslittleeffectoncondors’kidneys
C.canhardlybegottenridoffromcondors’blood
D.makesitdifficultforcondorstoproducebabybirds
4.Thispassageshowsthat________.
A.theaveragesurvivaltimeofcondorsissatisfactory
B.Rideout’sresearchinterestliesinelectricengineering
C.theeffortstoprotectcondorshavebroughtgoodresults
D.researchershavefoundthefinalanswerstotheproblem
Passage3(2016•天津C)
WhenJohnwasgrowingup,otherkidsfeltsorryforhim.Hisparentsalwayshadhimweedingthegarden,carryingoutthegarbageanddeliveringnewspapers.ButwhenJohnreachedadulthood,hewasbetteroffthanhischildhoodplaymates.Hehadmorejobsatisfaction,abettermarriageandwashealthier.Mostofall,hewashappier.Farhappier.
Thesearethefindingsofa40-yearstudythatfollowedthelivesof456teenageboysfromBoston.Thestudyshowedthatthosewhohadworkedasboysenjoyedhappierandmoreproductivelivesthanthosewhohadnot."Boyswhoworkedinthehomeorcommunitygainedcompetence(能力)andcametofeeltheywereworthwhilemembersofsociety,"saidGeorgeVaillant,thepsychologist(心理学家)whomadethediscovery."Andbecausetheyfeltgoodaboutthemselves,othersfeltgoodaboutthem."
Vaillant’sstudyfollowedthesemalesingreatdetail.Interviewswererepeatedatages25,31and47.UnderVaillant,theresearcherscomparedthemen’smental-healthscoreswiththeirboyhood-activityscores.Pointswereawardedforpart-timejobs,housework,effortinschool,andabilitytodealwithproblems.
Thelinkbetweenwhatthemenhaddoneasboysandhowtheyturnedoutasadultswassurprisinglysharp.Thosewhohaddonethemostboyhoodactivitiesweretwiceaslikelytohavewarmrelationswithawidevarietyofpeople,fivetimesaslikelytobewellpaidand16timeslesslikelytohavebeenunemployed.TheresearchersalsofoundthatIQandfamilysocialandeconomicclassmadenorealdifferenceinhowtheboysturnedout.
Working—atanyage—isimportant.Childhoodactivitieshelpachilddevelopresponsibility,independence,confidenceandcompetence—theunderpinnings(基础)ofemotionalhealth.Theyalsohelphimunderstandthatpeoplemustcooperateandworktowardcommongoals.Themostcompetentadultsarethosewhoknowhowtodothis.Yetworkisn’teverything.AsTolstoyoncesaid,"Onecanlivemagnificentlyinthisworldifoneknowshowtoworkandhowtolove,toworkforthepersononelovesandtoloveone’swork."
1.WhatdoweknowaboutJohn?
A.Heenjoyedhiscareerandmarriage.
B.Hehadfewchildhoodplaymates.
C.Hereceivedlittlelovefromhisfamily.
D.Hewasenviedbyothersinhischildhood.
2.Vaillant’swordsinParagraph2serveas________.
A.adescriptionofpersonalvaluesandsocialvalues
B.ananalysisofhowworkwasrelatedtocompetence
C.anexampleforparents’expectationsoftheirchildren
D.anexplanationwhysomeboysgrewintohappymen
3.Vaillant’steamobtainedtheirfindingsby________.
A.recordingtheboys’effortinschool
B.evaluatingthemen’smentalhealth
C.comparingdifferentsetsofscores
D.measuringthemen’sproblemsolvingability
4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"sharp"probablymeaninParagraph4?
A.Quicktoreact.B.Havingathinedge.
C.Clearanddefinite.D.Suddenandrapid.
5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?
A.Competentadultsknowmoreaboutlovethanwork.
B.Emotionalhealthisessentialtoawonderfuladultlife.
C.Lovebringsmorejoytopeoplethanworkdoes.
D.Independenceisthekeytoone’ssuccess.
Passage4(2016•浙江C)
Ascientistworkingatherlabbenchandasix-month-oldbabyplayingwithhisfoodmightseemtohavelittleincommon.Afterall,thescientistisengagedinseriousresearchtouncovertheverynatureofthephysicalworld,andthebabyis,well,justplaying...right?
Perhaps,butsomedevelopmentalpsychologists(心理学家)havearguedthatthis"play"ismorelikeascientificinvestigationthanonemightthink.
Takeacloserlookatthebabyplayingatthetable.Eachtimethebowlofriceispushedoverthetableedge,itfallstotheground—and,intheprocess,itbringsoutimportantevidenceabouthowphysicalobjectsinteract(相互作用):
bowlsofricedonotfloatinmid-air,butrequiresupporttoremainstable.Itislikelythatbabiesarenotbornknowingthisbasicfactoftheuniverse;noraretheyeverclearlytaughtit.Instead,babiesmayformanunderstandingofobjectsupportthroughrepeatedexperimentsandthenbuildonthisknowledgetolearnevenmoreabouthowobjectsinteract.Thoughtheirrangesandtoolsdiffer,thebaby’sinvestigationandthescientist’sexperimentappeartosharethesameaim(tolearnaboutthenaturalworld),overallapproach(gatheringdirectevidencefromtheworld),andlogic(aremyobservationswhatIexpected?
).
Somepsychologistssuggestthatyoungchildrenlearnaboutmorethanjustthephysicalworldinthisway—thattheyinvestigatehumanpsychologyandtherulesoflanguageusingsimilarmeans.Forexample,itmayonlybethroughrepeatedexperiments,evidencegathering,andfinallyoverturningatheory,th