爵士乐二十世纪美国社会文化的一面镜子Jazza Mirror of American Society and Culture in the 20th Cen.docx

爵士乐二十世纪美国社会文化的一面镜子Jazza Mirror of American Society and Culture in the 20th Cen.docx

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爵士乐二十世纪美国社会文化的一面镜子JazzaMirrorofAmericanSocietyandCultureinthe20thCen

爵士乐—二十世纪美国社会文化的一面镜子

JazzaMirrorofAmericanSocietyandCultureinthe20thCentury

Abstract

JazzoriginatesfromNewOrleansofsouthernAmericaattheendof19thcenturyandischaracterizedbyastrongbutflexiblerhythmicunderstructurewithsoloandensembleimprovisationsonbasictunesandchordpatternsandmorerecentlyahighlysophisticatedharmonicidiomInthe1920s-1990sJazzdevelopsveryfastandindifferentperiodsJazzhasdifferentcharacteristicsAsamusicalformofAmericaJazzreflectsthesituationofAmericansocietyandcultureInthe1920sJazzgetsitsfirst-stepdevelopmentandbringstogetherelementsfromAfricaandEuropeJazzisakindofpureAmericanblackmusicbecauseinthisperiodtheUnitedStatesmonopolizesthisartInthe1960s-1970sJazzgetsnewdevelopmentsomefreshelementsareintroducedintoJazzwhichrevealsthatAmericaartistsdonotmonopolizethesceneandJazzisspreadtotheworldquietlyJazzssadandstrongrhythmanddisappointinglyricsrevealsaconfusingAmericansocietyandAmericanscontradictoryfeelingsaftertheSecondWorldWarInthe1980s-1990sitseemsthateachEuropeancountryhasitsownstyleinJazzfordifferentculturalbackgroundsThemelting-potsocialandculturalenvironmentbringsaboutJazzsmulti-elementaldevelopmentInturnthemulti-elementaldevelopmentofJazzdemonstratesthecoexistenceandco-developmentofdifferentculturesandideasinAmerica

KeyWords

Americasocietyjazzculturereflection

摘　要

爵士乐是19世纪末起源于南美新奥尔良的一种音乐形式它以强劲而灵活的旋律为构架在节奏与和音形式的基础上配合个人和集体的一种即兴表演越到后来爵士乐的风格越复杂谐和20世纪20年代到90年代爵士乐发展得很快并且在不同的时期有着不同的特点作为美国的一种音乐形式爵士乐反映了美国社会文化不同时期的情况20世纪20年代时爵士乐得到了初步的发展爵士乐将非洲与欧洲的元素相结合并融合成为新的文化显示出了美国特有的音乐表现特色爵士乐是一种纯的美国黑人音乐因为在这个时期美国独占了这项艺术在20世纪6070年代爵士乐有了新的发展一些新的音乐元素融入到了爵士乐这些融合是美国社会发展的结果它显示了此时的美国已不在独占爵士乐这个舞台爵士乐正在悄悄的走向世界在这二十年里爵士乐时而忧伤时而强劲的旋律以及令人绝望的歌词揭露了二战后动荡的美国社会和美国人矛盾的心情到20世纪8090年代时几乎每个欧洲国家因为文化的差异都有了各自的爵士乐风格美国社会与文化的多元发展带来了爵士乐的多元化爵士乐的多元发展则展现了不同的文化与思想在美国的共存与发展

关键词

美国社会爵士乐文化反映

Introduction

JazzisatreasureofAmericanculturewhichoriginatedfromNewOrleansofsouthernAmericaattheendof19thcenturyComparedtoothermusicformsitisauniquemusicformcharacterizedbyimprovisationalperformanceandchangeablerhythmIntermsofthewayofperformanceJazzisntonlyperformedbysolobutalsobyagroupofpeopleAndthereisagreatvarietyofmusicalinstrumentsinvolvedintheperformancelikeclarinetsaxophonetrumpetandtromboneandsoonInplayingJazzthepercussioninstrumentsarealsoanimportantpartsuchasdrumdoublebassandthepianoTheentiremusicalinstrumentsworktogetherasifthereisapartyofsoundsThentheplayermakesanimprovisationaldealingwiththetimbrecadenceofthemusicalinstrumentsHoweverthisisnotenoughJazzemphasizesmoreonplayersdistinctiveperformancethanJazzitselfAsaspecialmusicformitalsorequestsplayerstoputtheirownmusicalmindandemotionsintotheperformanceOnlythesoundfromheartcanmakeJazzfantasticEspeciallyitschangeablerhythmalwaysbringslistenersintoanotherworldandsometimesitissowildlikeastronghowlingsometimesitisverysoftasaweakpatientInadditionJazzisalsoafreemusicforminwhichthereisnocertainrulerhythmorwayofperformanceBecauseofthecharactersmentionedaboveitdevelopsveryfastinAmericaandlatersweepsthewholeworld

JazzbringstogetherelementsfromAfricaandEuropeandthenmadethemanexpressionofmusicuniquetoAmericaAndinthe20thcenturyitdevelopsveryfastandfollowedthedevelopmentofAmericansocietyHoweverindifferentperiodsJazzhasdifferentcharacteristicsespeciallyinthe1920s1960s197os1980sand1990sIntheseperiodsJazzreplacessomepopularmusicformstobeAmericasmainstreampopularmusicTosomeextentJazzsdevelopmentwitnessestheprogressofAmericansocietyandcultureInotherwordsitsdevelopmentmayreflectthedevelopmentofAmericansocietyandcultureInthispaperthreeperiodsaretakenasacluetodemonstratethereflectionfunctionofJazzInthe1920sJazzgetsitsfirst-stepdevelopmentinAmericaitdiffersfromothermusicandinjectsnewbloodforAmericanmusicJazzisakindofpureAmericanmusicbecauseinthisperiodtheUnitedStatesmonopolizesthisartItspopularityisnotcontingentandthewildrhythmandimprovisationalwaysofplayingareitsadvantagesTheseadvantagesbringmanylistenersforitinwhichpeoplecanthrowawayallsocialconventionsrulesandindulgethemselvescompletelyThroughitdisappointmentandresistancearebroughttoplayersThemoodreflectspeoplesattitudetowardslifeaftertheFirstWorldWarAndLouisArmstrongthekingofJazzexpressesthedepressivemoodinhissongslikeLonesomeRoadOntheSunnySideoftheStreetHotterthanThatSnakeRagTheninthefollowingfewyearsjazzgetssomenewdevelopmentsandSwingBebopCoolJazzandfreeJazzappearsoneafteranotherAndinthe1960s-1970ssomefreshelementsandnewtechniquesareintroducedintoJazzmakingJazzmorepowerfulandadvancedComparedwithJazzinthe1920stherequirementforplayersisimprovedItchangesthepastplayingwaysoffollowingcertainrhythmtoneandaccompanyImprovisationandpersonalityisthemainfeatureinthisperiodItswildorsoftrhythmimpressestheaudiencegreatlyAfterWorldWarⅡAmericanslivedaidleandscaredlifeMaterialspendingbecomestheironlywayoflivingespeciallytheyoungmenhavenoambitionandpassionasthewarhasexhaustedtheirenergyandvigorAccordinglyJazzinthisperiodisfilledwithdecadenceandindulgenceThemusicianMilesDavisexpressesthemoodbestinhismusicInaSilentWayMeanwhilethesentimentalrhythminJazzwildandstrongcanalsobethebestdemonstrationInthe1980s-1990swiththedevelopmentofAmericansocietyAmericanmusiciansdonotmonopolizeJazzItseemsthateachEuropeancountryhasitsownstyleinJazzfordifferentculturalbackgroundsJazzofthisperiodisnotapureAmericanmusicbutamulti-elementalmusicofthewholeworldInfactthisbigchangeisjusttheresultoftheinfluenceofpluralisminthesocietyandJazzsmulti-elementaldevelopmentisjustthereflectionofthemulticulturaldevelopmentofAmericansocietyandculture

IJazz–aMirrorofAmericanSocietyandCulture

inthe20thCentury

Jazzhasdifferentcharacteristicsindifferentperiodsespeciallyinthe20thcenturyandalwaysservesasamirrorofAmericansocietyandcultureInordertodemonstratethereflectingfeatureofJazzthreebigperiodsof20thcenturyaretakenasaclue

AJazzinthe1920s

Inthe1920sJazzgetsitsfirst-stepdevelopmentandbringselementsfromAfricaandEuropewhicharefusedtogetherwithJazzintoanewmusicanexpressionuniquetoAmericaInthisperiodJazzisakindofpureAmericanblackmusicandtheUnitedStatesmonopolizesthisartJazzswildrhythmscorruptedlyricsexposethedecadenceanddarklifeofAmericansandtrulyreflectAmericansocietyandculture

JazzhasaconnectiontotheessenceofAmericainamuchmorefundamentalwayItisanexpressionoftheAfricanrootsofAmericanculturethetreasureofAmericancultureamusicalmediumthatexemplifiesthecultureoftheAfricanswhoseculturecametodominatemuchofwhatisAmericanActuallyinmanyaspectsAmericasrootsareinAfricaInfactthisisafactorforJazzsfirsttransmissiontoAmericaRalphEllisonperceptivelydescribesthetransformationofseparateAfricanandEuropeanculturesareatthehandoftheslaves

thedancingofthoseslaveswholookingthroughthewindowsofaplantationmanorhousefromtheyardimitatedthestepssogravelyperformedbythemasterswithinandthenaddedtothemtheirownspecialflairburlesquingthewhitefolksandthengoingontoforcethestepsintochoreographyuniquelytheirownThewhiteslookingoutattheactivityintheyardthoughtthattheywerebeingflatteredbyimitationandwereamusedbytheincongruityoftatteredblacksdancingcourtlystepswhilemissingcompletelythefactthatbeforetheireyesaEuropeanculturalformwasbecomingAmericanizedundergoingametamorphosisthroughthemockingactivityofapeoplepartiallysprungfromAmericaTownsend78

OutofthisfusionofAfricanelementscomesanideathatAmericansbelievecentraltotheiridentitynamelytoleranceBothculturescometorealizeeachothersvalueIntheheartofAmericansdiversityistheirstrengthAmericanslearneverydaythatotherculturesandpeoplesmaymakevaluablecontributionstotheirwayoflifeThisgreatfusionmakesJazzadistinctlyAmericanmusicJazzreflectstwocontradictoryfacetsofAmericanlifeOntheonehandthebandfeaturesasoloistwhoisanindividualattheextremeOntheotherhanditisateameffortwhereeverymusicianiscompletelyimmersedinwhatthesegroupsdoestogetherlisteningtoeachofotherplayersandbuildingontheircontributionstocreatethemusicwholeInthesamesenseAmericanlifeisalsoacombinationofteamworkandindividualismacombinationofindividualbrilliancewiththeabilitytoworkwithothersInawordJazzasanimportantpartofAmericancultureisbasedonrealpeoplesandthingsandisthemusicfromlifeThroughitsomethingmoreaboutAmericaisknowntotheworld

Inthe1920sJazzgetsitsprimarydevelopmentandthisdistinctlyAmericanmusicquicklyfindsitswaytothewholeAmericaItswildrhythmimprovisationalperformingandchangeabletonegivelistenersafreshfeelinganditabandonstraditionalmusicformsandoutdatedperformingwaystoseparateitselfwithothermusicInthisperiodRagtimeDixielandasabranchofNewOrleansimpresseseveryAmericanandtheyoungmanind