个性化辅导教案完成时态二.docx
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个性化辅导教案完成时态二
个性化辅导教案
学生姓名
林铭
任课老师
王巧玲
上课时间
2011.07.18
学科
英语
年级
初三升高一
教材版本
仁爱版
课题名称
语法专项复习:
完成时态
(二)
课时计划
第()课时共()课时
教学目标
1、听写单词2、小测不规则动词的过去分词3、讲授语法专题:
完成时态
(二)
教学
重难点
现在完成时态在使用过程中的注意事项;与一般过去时的区别
教学过程
Review:
(一)听写单词,及不规则动词的过去分词
(二)复习上次课的知识内容
Presentation:
完成时态
(二)
一、回顾、总结现在完成时态
1、常与现在完成时连用的时间状语:
现在完成时常与表示从过去某时刻延续到现在,并包括现在在内的一段时间状语连用。
Ørecently最近,lately近来,sofar至今,uptonow到现在为止,foralongtimetoday,inthepastfewmonths过去几个月里,already,yet,never,since,ever,just刚刚……
Eg.Hehasrentedaroomnearthestationlately.
SofarIhavelearned3,000Englishwords.
Inthepastfewyears,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinShanghai.
2、使用现在完成时应注意的问题:
(1)It(This)isthefirst(last)timethat…此结构中,从句一定要用现在完成时。
例如:
Eg.ThisisthefirsttimethatI’veseensuchawonderfulbuilding.
It(This)isthesecondtimethatwe’vemeteachother.
(2)It(This)isthebest(worst,most,interesting)+名词+that…此结构中,从句要求用现在完成时。
例如:
Eg.ItisthebestfilmthatI’veeverseen.
ThisisthemostinterestingbookthatI’veeverread.
(3)句型Itis/hasbeen+时间段+since…例如:
Eg.Itistwoyearssincehewentabroadforhisstudies.
ItisaboutaweeksinceIpostedtheinvitations.
Itisayearsincetheyjoinedtheclub.
(4)现在完成时态中完成性用法和持续性用法的区别
①“完成性”表示过去所完成的动作或状态对现在的影响或结果;即非持续性
MaryhaslearnedsomeChinese.(表示学过中文,知道一点)
Mike’smotherhasbeenateacher.(表示当过老师,对老师行业有所了解)
②“持续性”表示动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在,可能刚刚结束,也可能还将持续。
MaryhasstudiedChineseforabouttwoyears.(表示持续学中文两年了)
Mike’smotherhasbeenateachersincehergraduationfromthecollege.(表示当老师很长时间了)
③瞬间动词不能用于持续性用法。
必须将瞬间动词转换成持续性动词。
Ø注意:
一些常用的瞬间动词可转换成持续性动词
come,reach,arrive,getto,join→bein,stay;die→dead;open,close→beopen,beclosed;leave→beaway;buy→have;borrow,lend→keep;become,turn,get→be;begin,start→beon;goout→beout
(5)现在完成时和一般过去时的区别:
就过去同一动作或状态而言,两种时态都可以用。
①一般过去时只是陈述过去的情况,其表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。
现在完成时强调过去的动作与现在的关系,即对现在产生的结果、影响等。
Eg.IlearnedsomeFrench.
IhavelearnedsomeFrench.(暗示IknowsomeFrench)
★试比较:
A.Ihavelostmypurse.(现在还没找到)
Ilostmypurse.(钱包是以前丢的,现在是否找到,不知道)
B.Mrs.SmithlivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.
Mrs.SmithhaslivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.
②现在完成时态的表达“抽象”,表示其行为发生在一个不具体的过去时间,它不与具体的时间状语连用,但可以与一段时间状语连用;
一般过去时态的表达比较“具体”,它一般带有表示过去具体情况的状语,如具体的时间、地点、方式等。
Eg.Myparentshaveseenthefilm.
MyparentssawthefilmlastNovember.
Ø一般过去时态和现在完成时态也可以和同一个时间状语连用但表达的意思不同。
ØIstudiedJapaneseforafewyears.
ØIhavestudiedJapaneseforafewyears.
Ø
③若动作发生在特定的过去时间,如lastnight,yesterday,threedaysago,then,justnow,in1840等,则不能用完成时,必须用一般过去时。
★试比较:
电影开始十分钟了。
Thefilmhasbeenontenminutesago.
Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.
Thefilmbegantenminutesago.
④询问某事过去发生的具体时间、具体地点时必须用一般过去时。
例如:
Whendidyouloseyourpackage?
Wheredidtheyleavefor?
(6)already和yet的区别:
Øalready一般用在肯定句中;
Øyet一般用在否定句或疑问句中。
Ihavealreadycalledhimup.
Haveyoucalledhimupyet?
Ihaven’tcalledhimupyet.
二、过去完成时态
1、构成:
had+过去分词(had用于所有人称)
2、否定:
hadnot+过去分词;疑问:
had提前,放于句首
3、过去完成时的用法:
(1)表示过去的过去。
即过去完成时的动词表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。
常用by,before,until,when等词引导的时间状语。
例如:
Bytheendoflastyearwehadbuiltfivenewhouses.
Ihadlearnt5000EnglishwordsbeforeIenteredtheuniversity.
(2)还表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时刻或持续下去。
例如:
Beforeheslept,hehadworkedfor12hours.
(3)与by和before引导的短语连用,如bytheendof…,bythattime,before1990等。
例如:
Bytheageoftwenty,hehadbecomefamousalloverthecountry.
Bythetimehewastwelve,Edisonhadbeguntomakealivingbyhimself.
(4)表示意向的动词,如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等,用过去完成时的含义是指“过去没有完成、实现的愿望、打算、计划”,表示“原本”,也表示“失望或惋惜”等情绪。
例如:
Shehadthoughtofpayingusavisit,butwaspreventedfromdoingso.
Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn’t.
Theresultwasbetterthanwhatwehadexpected.
ItturnedouttobedifferentfromwhatIhadthought.
(5)用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句中。
例如:
ShesaidthatshehadneverbeentoParis.
Heaskedwhohadbrokenintohisroom.
IthoughtIhadmethimbefore.
(6)与when或before等引导的状语从句连用。
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。
HowlonghadyoulearntFrenchbeforeyoucametoFrance?
WhenIgottotheairport,theplanehadtakenoff.
Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrunaway.
(7)表示持续到过去某一时间的动作或状态。
常与for或since引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。
例如:
Whenhecame,Ihadworkedfor3hours.
三、现在完成进行时态
1、构成:
have/has+been+现在分词
2、用法:
表示现在以前一直在进行的动作。
Eg.Ihavewrittenaletter.
Ihavebeenwritingaletter.
3、work,study,live,teach等词用现在完成进行时与现在完成时意思相近。
Eg.Ihaveworkedhereforthreeyears.
Ihavebeenworkinghereforthreeyears.
课堂练习
★用适当时态填空:
1.WhenIarrived,thesupper_______(alreadybegin).
2.They_______(notcatch)thethiefyet.
3.Bythetimehecame,I_______(complete)thework.
4.I_______(notsee)himlately.
5.I_______(listen)totheradiosincethismorning.
6.I_______(lose)thepenwhichI_____(buy)thedaybefore.
7.BynextSundayshe_______(stay)withusforthreeweeks.
8.IfeltmuchbetterafterI_______(take)themedicine.
9.He'llgooutwhenhe_______(do)withthisbook.
10.I'mtiredofrain.It_______(rain)sincelastSunday.
★选择正确答案:
1.IlostthebookI_______.
A.haveboughtB.boughtC.hadboughtD.hadbeenbought
2.ThebushadgonewhenI_______atthebusstop.
A.havearrivedB.arrivedC.hadarrivedD.amarriving
3.Tom_______ofvisitinghisgrandmother,butthebadweathermadehimchangehismind.
A.hasthoughtB.thoughtC.hadthoughtD.hadbeenthought
4.–DidyoumeetTomattheairport?
–No,he_______bythetimeI_______there.
A.hasleft;gotB.hadleft;arrivedC.left;arrivedD.left;hadgot
5.–I_______tocometohelpyou.
–Butyoudidn’tcome.
A.havemeantB.hadmeantC.meantD.willmean
6.FinallyMarywasadmittedbyBeijingUniversity,forwhichshe_______fivetimes.
A.hadtriedB.wastryingC.hastriedD.tried
7.–Ihaveboughtyouthebooksyouwant.
–Oh,good,I_______afraidyouhadforgotten.
A.wasB.amC.hadbeenD.havebeen
8.ItwasnotuntilI_______yourletterthatIrealizedwhatyou_______.
A.haveread;didB.hadread;havedone
C.hadread;haddoneD.read;haddone
★用动词的现在完成时填空:
1.WuDong_______(be)asoldierforoneyear.
2.Thestudents_______(study)inthemiddleschoolsincelastmonth.
3.Howlong_______you_______(know)him?
4.Mike_______(make)quiteafewfriendssincehecametoChina.
5.I_______(give)myfriendanicebookrecently.
6.LiPingandWuDong_______(see)theoldmanthreetimes.
7._______sheever_______(teach)youEnglish?
8.Thesechildren_______(stay)intheparkfortwohours.
★用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空:
Meimeiwants_______(be)ateacherofEnglish.
Heistooyoung_______(go)toschool.
Doyouenjoy_______(walk)aftersupper?
Thechildren_______(play)gameswhenIsawthem.
Motherisalwaysthefirstone_______(get)up.
Lucytoldmethatshe_______(listen)tomusicatthattime.
I_______(come)tothisschoolthreeyearsago.
Mrs.Green_______(teach)EnglishsinceshecametoChina.
Ourartteacherteachesus_______(draw).
Hestopped______(talk)withmewhenhesawme.
WeiHuasaidshealways_______(go)toschoolbybikelastyear.
Shewillgiveittoyouassoonasshe_______(get)theletter.
Rose_______(be)toBeijingseveraltimes.
They_______(notsee)eachothersince1992.
You’dbetter_______(take)araincoatwithyou.It’sgoingtorain.
People_______(grow)bananasinthesouthofChina.
Thetrains_______(make)inZhuzhou.
They_______(make)morethan1,000machinessinceApril.
Mostsciencebooks_______(write)inEnglish.
Salt_______(produce)intheeastandsouthofChina.
Father_______(cut)sometreesyesterday.
Tom_______(write)aletterwhenIgotthere.
English_______(teach)intheirschool,too.
Lilyaskedmybrotherifhe_______(have)afootball.
Thetwins_______(fight)eachotherlastnight.
Itisnoteasy_______(learn)Englishwell.
I_______(know)himsincehewasachild.
She’s_______(come)toShenyangalready.
When_______she_______?
(come)
Mybrother_______twolettersthismorning.
He_______thethirdonenow.(write)
It_______(be)morethantwoyearssinceshe_______(leave)here.
课后作业
★各时态的练习:
1.Mr.ZhangisanEnglishteacher.He_______Englishwell.
A.teachB.taughtC.teachesD.hastaught
2.Tomwithotherboys_______togoand_______thegame.
A.want;watchB.wants;watchesC.wants;watchD.want;towatch
3.Youngman!
Ifyou_____lateagain,you'llloseyourjob.
A.willbeB.wereC.areD.havebeen
4.Ifhe_____harder,hewillcatchupwithussoon.
A.studyB.studiesC.willstudyD.studied
5.I'llgotothezooifit_______tomorrow.
A.won'trainB.willrainC.doesn'trainD.rains
6.—Shallwegoshoppingnow?
—Sorry,Ican't.I_______myshirts.
A.wasn’tB.washesC.washesD.amwashing
7.—_______you_______TVatthemoment?
—No,youcanturnitoff.
A.Did;watchB.Are;watchingC.Do;watchD.Have;watched
8.Look!
Thesun_______down.
A.goB.goesC.isgoingD.going
9.—Pleasetellmewhenwe_______anEnglishparty.
—NextSunday.
A.aregoingtohaveB.hadC.haveD.havehad
10.Lookatthoseblackclouds.It_______rain.Let'shurry.
A.maybeB.willC.hasD.isgoingto
11.There_______afootballmatchonTVthisevening.
A.willhaveB.isgoingtobeC.hasD.isgoingtohave
12.—Jimmyisleavingforaholiday.
—Really?
Where_______he_______?
A.has;goneB.will;goC.did;goD.does;go
13.Ourcountry_______holdthe2008OlympicGamesin_______.
A.willbe;BeijingB.will;ShanghaiC.