英美文学选读自学笔记.docx

英美文学选读自学笔记.docx

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英美文学选读自学笔记

Englishliterature

前言:

配合该笔记，看看选读的文章，有个大概的印象就行了。

学会对文章进行分析是考查的最终目标。

本人判断力不错，但记忆力不好,考前看了两遍，考了68分。

如果能记下要点，应该会考得更好。

这次考试的40小题选择题我做对了32题。

最后,希望我整理的笔记能提高大家的学习效率,

IOldEnglishLiterature----（450—1066）

twogroups:

religious–-onbiblicalthemes----

Secular----heroicage-------aprotectorofpeople,fightagainstthenature.

IIMedievalperiod---（1066---14thCentury）

Fame:

1066Normanconquest----threechanges—feudalismsystemestablished（politically）

---CatholicChurch（Religiously）

---French,Latin,English（co-existedlanguage）

IncomparisonwitholdEnglishliterature:

（1）widerrangeofsubjects

（2）themesconcernedwiththepersonalsalvation（3）romancelove（4）thelanguageissimpleandstraightforward‘Theepicreflectsaheroicage,theromancereflectsachivalricone’骑士

Chaucer:

1titles:

theEnglishHomer,thefatherofEnglishpoetry（from）,

2verse:

firstuse'heroiccouplet',realisticpictureofhistime,vividcharactersfromallworksofhislife,thecharactersarebothtypicalandindividual,hisideasistopursueearthlyhappiness,opposedasceticism禁欲主义,advocatehumanism,replacealliterativeversewithrhymedstanzas（古英语的押头韵变成中世纪的押尾韵）

firstuserhymed'heroiccouplet'

octosyllabic八音节诗

3.novel:

thefirstmodernnovel.

IIIRenaissance（14th—17th）

Fame:

①movefromfeudalistideastotheinterestofrisingbourgeoisie.

②recoverfromcorruptionoftheRomanCatholicChurchtothepurityoftheearthlychurch.

England:

thereignofHenryVIII-----England‘sGoldenAgeinliterature

----BiblesinEnglishinsteadofLatinreadableforcommonpeople

--------literarygiants:

Shakespeare,Spenser,JonsonSidney,Marlowe,Bacon,andDonne

ThetimeofTudos----changemonasteries修道院intoschoolsanduniversities------theEnglishRenaissanceflourishing

-------firstintroducedprintingintoEnglandandtranslatedbooksinEnglish（byWilliamCaxton）

Traitsofhumanisticpoetry:

meter,rhyme,scheme,imageryandargumentshouldbecombinedtoframetheemotionaltheme.Poetrywastobeaconcentratedexerciseofthemind,ifcraftsmanshipandoflearning.

Themostfamousdramatists:

Shakesperar,BenJonson,andMarlowe

Writers:

Wyatt（introducedthePetrarchansonnetintoEngland）

Surrey（broughtinblankverse）

Sidney（broughtinsestinaandterzarima）

Marlowe（broughtmightylinestotheblankverse）

Spenser（pastoralconvention）

JohnDonne,GeorgeHerbert（metaphysicalpoets）

FrancisBacon（thefirstimportantEnglishessayist,thefounderofmodernscienceinEngland）

IEdmundSpensor

Fame:

SpenserianStanza，thepoet’spoet（他的诗节被称为“斯宾塞诗节”，他被称为“诗人中之诗人”）

选读（Poem）

contains12books,speaksof12virtuesoftheprivategentleman,eachofwhichtellsaknight.Arthur—theherosofheros---playsaroleineachofthe12majoradventures,serveasaunifyingelement.Thethemeis‘FierceWaresandfaithfulloves’.

TheknightheresymbolizedtheChurch（Anglican）,istheprotectorofUna（theVirgin）.Unastandsforthetruereligion.

QualitiesofSpensor’spoetry:

1.aperfectmelody（musicsense）2.araresenseofbeauty3.asplendidimagination4.aloftymoralpurityandseriousness.5.adedicatedidealism

II.ChristopherMarlowe

Fame:

beregardedas‘UniversityWits’.Perfectedtheblankverse,broughtstrongemotionintotheblankverse.HecreatedtheRenaissanceheroforEnglishdrama.Suchaheroisalwaysindividualisticandfullofambition.（buthisverseisnotstrongindramaticconstructionandwomen‘scharactersareratherpale）

Plays:

（thenameofanambitiousancientemperor.Herosefromashepherdtoanoverpoweringkingthroughhisowneffort.Bydepictingsuchagreatking,MarlowvoicedthedesireofthemanoftheRenaissanceforinfinitepowerandauthority.）

选读（Faustusislongingforknowledgeandfinallysellshissoulstotheevil.Itcelebratesthehumanpassionforknowledge,powerandhappiness）

affectionforhislove.）

Poetry:

（Itdeprivesfromthepastoraltradition,inwhichtheshepherdenjoysanidealcountrylife,cherishingapure

III.WilliamShakespeare（1564—1616）

Background:

frommerchant’sfamily.父亲是个当地镇里的多面手，有点名气。

他的戏剧分早期、中期，中晚期和晚期。

（I，II，III，IV）.他的作品很多，影响很大。

T:

I．Fivehistoryplaysandfourcomedies.

历史剧‘HenryVI,PartsI,II’（Itrevealsatroubledreigninthe15thcentury,ShakespearesmountedoverthelossofEnglishterritoriesinFrance.HecondemnstheWaroftheRoses,inwhichinnocentpeoplewerekilled）

II．Fivehistoryplays,sixcomediesandtwotragedies

喜剧：

（anoptimisticattitudetowardloveandyouth,praisethefriendshipbetweenAntonioandBassanio,toidealizePortiaasaheroine.,andShylockasanevilfigure）

）

悲剧：

（eulogizesthefaithfulnessofloveandspiritofpursuinghappiness,thoughatragedy,ispermeatedwithoptimisticspirit）,

III．Hisgreatestfourtragedies（eachofthecharacters’sfatesiscloselyconnectedwiththefateofthewholenation.Eachofthemhashisweaknessofnature.）

选读（thefirstofthegreatesttragedies,mostpopularplayonthestage.Ithasthequalitiesofa‘blood–and–thunder’thrillerandaphilosophicalexplorationoflifeanddeath.Hamletisamelancholic优柔寡断prince,whoistoosophisticatedtodegradehisnaturetotheconventionalroleofrevenger.Shakespearescondemnsthehypocrisyandtreacheryandgeneralcorruptionattheroyalcourt）

（theoldKingLearsuffersformtreachery背叛andinfidelity不忠）

（Othello’sinnerweaknessismadeuseofbytheoutsideevilforce）

（Macbeth‘slustforpowerstirsuphisambitionandleadshimtoendlesscrimes.）

twodarkcomedies（）

IV．Romantictragicomedies:

（thebestofhisfinalromances,itisatypicalexampleofShakespeare‘spessimisticviewtowardhumanlifeandsocietyinhislateyears.Hewishestosolvetheconflictbydreamsandsupernaturalpower）.

,,

Twofinalplays:

HenryVIII,TheTwoNobleKinsmen.

Poems

longnarrativepoems:

,.

Sequenceof154sonnets:

选读（Shakeshasafaithinthepermanenceofpoetry.Anicesummer’sdayisusuallytransient,butthebeautyinpoetryinpoetrycanlastforever.艺术的美常存）

艺术特征

人物塑造

1．Heemployssoliloquies独白inhisplaystofullyrevealtheinnerconflictofhischaracters.

2.Heportrayshischaractersinpairs（可能指情侣）.

3.Hischaractersareindividualsrepresentingcertaintypes.

情节结构

1．Headoptedplotsfromsomeoldplaysorstorybooks

2．Inordertomaketheplaymorelively,hewouldshortenthetimeandintensifythestory.

3．Thereareusuallyseveralthreadsrunningthroughtheplay（,thusprovidingthestorywithsuspenseandapprehension）

语言风格

1.irony2.Disguise3.vocabulary（Hehasanamazingwealthofvocabularyandidiom,hiscoinageofnewwordsanddistortionofthemeaningoftheoldonesalsocreatestrikingeffectsonthereader.）

Conscience（顾虑）doesmakescowardsofusall.（心有顾虑使人畏手畏脚，优柔寡断----Hamlet）

IV.FrancisBacon（1561--1626）

Fame:

Aprose,laysthefoundationformodernscience.

Hisworkscanbedividedintothreegroups

1.isagreattract短论oneducation.HEseparatestheologyfromscientificobservationsandexperiments.Man’sunderstandingconsistedofthreeparts:

historytoman’smemory;poetrytoman’simaginationandcreation;philosophytoman’sreason.

2.论说文isasuccessfultreatise（writteninLatin）onmethodology,theuseofinductive归纳法inscientificresearchinplaceofthedeductivereasoning演绎法

3选读----morethanhalfofthefifty-eightessaysareaboutpubliclifeorpublicduty/Bacon’sessaysarefamousfortheirbrevity简洁,compactness紧凑andpowerfulness/Thesentencesarecharged充满感情的andcrowdedwithsymmetries.

“Thegeneralcounsels,theplotsandmarshalingofaffairs,comebestfromthosethatarelearned”---通盘考虑及事务的安排，做得最好的是那些博学的人。

V．JohnDonne（1572—1631）

Life:

“Metaphysicalschool”,Herbert,Vaughan,Crashaw,MarvellandCowleyarealsoconsideredtobemetaphysicalpoets.商人之家，想当牧师，牛津剑桥大学肆业生，十年地下婚姻使他穷困潦倒，但是他对妻子很忠诚。

。

天主教改信英国国教，当牧师尽职尽力，洞察力深邃。

早期写爱情诗，晚期写宗教诗。

他认为爱的本质是身体和灵魂的结合。

Works:

选读Lovepoems（1.Donneappliesconceits,hecombineseasyconceitswiththedifficultones2.Donnet’sinterestliesindramatizingandillustratingthestateofbeinginlove.3.Hislanguageisbrief,simple.Theargumentiscontinuousthroughoutthepoem.）

Religiouspoems:

Sermons（散文形式的传道书）

选读isfrom表达诗人无畏死亡的气概。

VIJohnMilton

Life:

商人后代，剑桥大学，有过旅欧经历，喜欢史诗，后来眼睛瞎了。

thegreatestprosewriterofhisage.

Fame:

isthegreatestepicinEnglishliteraturesince

Works:

早期诗歌：

elegies,forhisbestfriendEdwardKing,whodiedofdrown.

Thepoembeginswithgriefandafeelingofimmaturity.Theemotionmovesfromsadnesstoacceptanceintheend.

中期散文：

pleaforfreedomofpress-------smoothandcarms

晚期史诗：

选读alongepicdividedinto12books.ThestoryistakenfromtheBible..SatanandotherangelsrebelagainstGod.SatansucceedsinseduceEvetoeattheappleformthetreeofknowledge.Asaresult,Ada