专四阅读真题test 1.docx

专四阅读真题test 1.docx

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专四阅读真题test1

TestOne

TextA

Imaginethattheworldconsistsof20menand20women,allofthemheterosexualandinsearchofamate.Sincethenumbersareeven,everyonecanfindapartner.Butwhathappensifyoutakeawayoneman?

Youmightnotthinkthiswouldmakemuchdifference.Youwouldbewrong,arguesTimHarford,aBritisheconomist,inabookcalled“TheLogicofLife”.With20womenpursuing19men,onewomanfacestheprospectofspinsterhood.Sosheupshergame.Perhapsshedressesmoreseductively.Perhapsshemakesanextraefforttobeobliging.Somehoworother,she“steals”amanfromoneofherfellowwomen.Thatnewlysinglewomanthenupshergame,too,tostealamanfromsomeoneelse.Achainreactionensues.

Reallifeismorecomplicated,ofcourse,butthissimplemodelillustratesanimportanttruth.Inthemarriagemarket,numbersmatter.AndamongAfrican-Americans,thedifferenceismuchworsethaninMrHarford’simaginaryexample.Betweentheagesof20and29,oneblackmaninnineisbehindbars.Forblackwomenofthesameage,thefigureisaboutonein150.Forobviousreasons,convictsareexcludedfromthedatingpool.

Removingsomanymenfromthemarriagemarkethasprofoundconsequences.Asimprisonmentratesexplodedbetween1970and2007,theproportionofUS-bornblackwomenaged30-44whoweremarriedplungedfrom62%to33%.Whythishappenediscomplexandfuriouslydebated.Theeraofmassimprisonmentbeganastraditionalmoreswerealreadycrumbling,followingthesexualrevolutionofthe1960sandtheinventionofthecontraceptivepill.Italsocoincidedwithgreateropportunitiesforwomenintheworkplace.Thesefactorsmustsurelyhavehadsomethingtodowiththedeclineofmarriage.

Butjailisabigpartoftheproblem,argueKerwinKofiCharles,nowattheUniversityofChicago.TheydividedAmericaupintogeographicalandracial“marriagemarkets”,totakeaccountofthefactthatmostpeoplemarrysomeoneofthesameracewholivesrelativelyclosetothem.Then,aftercrunchingthecensusnumbers,theyfoundthataonepercentagepointincreaseinthemaleimprisonmentratewasassociatedwitha2.4-pointreductionintheproportionofwomenwhoevermarry.Coulditbe,however,thatmassimprisonmentisasymptomofincreasingsocialmalfunction,andthatitwasthissocialmalfunctionthatcausedmarriagetowither?

Probablynot.Forsimilarcrimes,Americaimposesmuchharsherpenaltiesthanotherrichcountries.MrCharlesandMrLuohcontrolledforcrimerates,asasubstitutionforsocialmalfunction,andfoundthatitmadenodifferencetotheirresults.Theyconcludedthat“highermaleimprisonmenthasloweredthelikelihoodthatwomenmarry…andcausedashiftinthegainsfrommarriageawayfromwomenandtowardsmen.”

81.Theword“ensues”inParagraphOneprobablymeans

A.resultsinsomething.

B.happensaftersomething.

C.seemstobewelcom.

D.isinterruptedtemporarily.

82.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat

A.MostofthecrimesarecommittedbyblacksinAmerica.

B.ThecrimerateofblackmenisgraduallydecreasinginAmerica.

C.BlackmencommittedmoreseriouscrimesthanwomeninAmerica.

D.ThecrimeratesofblackmenandwomenaredifferentinAmerica.

83.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTresultinthedeclineofmarriageofblackwomen?

A.Theincreasingnumberofcareerwomen.

B.Amovementthatchangedpeople’sattitude.

C.Theutilityofnewequipmentandapparatuses.

D.Thebreakdownofthetraditionalmorality.

84.Intermsofmarriage,mostpeopletendto

A.getmarriedaftercarefulconsideration

B.beattractedbysomeonelivinginanalienland.

C.bewell-matchedinsocialandeconomicstatuses.

D.marryonelivinginsimilarenvironmentalconditions.

85.Mr.CharlesandMr.Luoh’sresearchshowsthatastomarriage,

A.womenwillsuffermorefromhardshipthanmendo.

B.crimeratesandsocialmalfunctionareofequalimportance.

C.maleimprisonmentplaysadecisiveroleinwomen’smarriage.

D.socialmalfunctioncanbereplacedbycrimerateseasily.

TextB

[1]In1945,a12-year-oldboysawsomethinginashopwindowthatsethisheartracing.Buttheprice—fivedollars—wasfarbeyondReubenEarle'smeans.

[2]Reubencouldn'taskhisfatherforthemoney.EverythingMarkEarlemadethroughfishinginBayRoberts,Newfoundland,Canada.Reuben'smother,Dora,stretchedlikeelastictofeedandclothetheirfivechildren.

[3]Nevertheless,heopenedtheshop'sweathereddoorandwentinside.Standingproudandstraightinhisflour-sackshirtandwashed-outtrousers,hetoldtheshopkeeperwhathewanted,adding,"ButIdon'thavethemoneyrightnow.Canyoupleaseholditformeforsometime?

"

[4]"I'lltry,"theshopkeepersmiled."Folksaroundheredon'tusuallyhavethatkindofmoneytospendonthings.Itshouldkeepforawhile."

[5]Reubenrespectfullytouchedhisworncapandwalkedoutintothesunlightwiththebayripplinginafresheningwind.Therewaspurposeinhislopingstride.Hewouldraisethefivedollarsandnottellanybody.

[6]Hearingthesoundofhammeringfromasidestreet,Reubenhadanidea.

[7]Herantowardsthesoundandstoppedataconstructionsite.PeoplebuilttheirownhomesinBayRoberts,usingnailspurchasedinHessiansacksfromalocalfactory.Sometimesthesackswerediscardedintheflurryofbuilding,andReubenknewhecouldsellthembacktothefactoryforfivecentsapiece.

[8]Thatdayhefoundtwosacks,whichhetooktotheramblingwoodenfactoryandsoldtothemaninchargeofpackingnails.

[9]Theboy'shandtightlyclutchedthefive-centpiecesasheranthetwokilometershome.

[10]Nearhishousestoodtheancientbarnthathousedthefamily'sgoatsandchickens.Reubenfoundarustysodatinanddroppedhiscoinsinside.Thenheclimbedintotheloftofthebarnandhidthetinbeneathapileofsweetsmellinghay.

[11]ItwasdinnertimewhenReubengothome.Hisfathersatatthebigkitchentable,workingonafishingnet.Dorawasatthekitchenstove,readytoservedinnerasReubentookhisplaceatthetable.

[12]Helookedathismotherandsmiled.Sunlightfromthewindowgildedhershoulder-lengthblondehair.Slimandbeautiful,shewasthecenterofthehome,thegluethatheldittogether.

[13]Herchoreswerenever-ending.SewingclothesforherfamilyontheoldSingertreadlemachine,cookingmealsandbakingbread,plantingandtendingavegetablegarden,milkingthegoatsandscrubbingsoiledclothesonawashboard.Butshewashappy.Herfamilyandtheirwell-beingwereherhighestpriority.

[14]Everydayafterchoresandschool,Reubenscouredthetown,collectingthehessiannailbags.Allsummerlong,despitechoresathomeweedingandwateringthegarden,cuttingwoodandfetchingwater—Reubenkepttohissecrettask.

[15]Oftenhewascold,tiredandhungry,butthethoughtoftheobjectintheshopwindowsustainedhim.Sometimeshismotherwouldask:

"Reuben,wherewereyou?

Wewerewaitingforyoutohavedinner."

[16]"Playing,Mum.Sorry."

[17]Dorawouldlookathisfaceandshakeherhead.Boys.

[18]FinallyspringburstintogloriousgreenandReuben'sspiritserupted.Thetimehadcome!

86.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat

A.thefamily’slifedependedonMarkEarle.

B.Reuben’smotherworkedpart-time.

C.Reubenhadfivebrothersandsisters.

D.Dorawasfedupwithherlife.

87.WhichofthefollowingadjectivesCANNOTdescribeReuben?

A.confident.

B.sociable.

C.arrogant.

D.courteous.

88.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofDora?

A.Shestayedinlove.

B.Sheworelonghair.

C.She’scontentwithlife.

D.Shehadafrailbody.

89.Theword“scoured”inParagraph14probablymeans

A.wanderedaimlessly.

B.searchedcarefully.

C.wentaround.

D.removedfrom

90.“Boys”inthe17thparagraphimpliesthat

A.Boysarenotasquietasgirls.

B.Boyslovetohavefunbynature.

C.Boysaretoonaughtytobeobedient.

D.Boysaremoreadventurousthangirls.

TextC

AsafitnesscoachinGrandRapids,Mich.,DoreenBolhuishasapassionfordevelopingexercisesforchildren.Theyounger,itseems,thebetter.“Withthebabiesinourfamily,”shesaid,“Istartworkingthemoutinthehospital.”Ms.Bolhuisturnedherexercisesintoacompany,Gymtrix,thatoffersalibraryofvideosstartingwithtrainingforbabiesasyoungas6months.Thereisnolyinginthecribplayingwithtoes.

Infantathletes,accompaniedbydotingparentsonthevideos,doalotofjumping,kickingand,inoneexercise,somethingthatlookslikebaseballbattingpractice.

ThegrowingcompetitioninmarketingbabysportsDVDsincludescompanieswithnameslikeathleticBabyandBabyGoesPro.Evenexpertsinyouthsportsseemstartledthattheageofentryhasdippedsolow.“That’sreallyamazing.What’snext?

”saidDr.LyleMicheli,anorthopedicsurgeon.

Dr.Michelisaidhedidnotseeanygreatadvantagesinexposingbabiestosports.“Idon’tknowofanyevidencethattrainingatthisinfancystageacceleratescoordination,”hesaid.Oneofhisconcerns,hesaid,is“thepotentialforevenyoungeragesofoveruseinjury.”

TheLittleGym,basedinScottsdale,Ariz.,beginsclassesforchildrenat4monthsold.BobBingham,thecompany’schiefexecutive,saidthatabout20,000youngstersunder2—aboutaquarterofthetotalenrollment—weresignedupforclassesatlocationsintheUnitedStates,CanadaandPuertoRico.Thatisasizableincreasefromlastyear,hesaid.Thecompany,whichhasgymsin20countries,planstoopen100locationsoverthenextfiveyears.MyGym,basedinShermanOaks,Calif.,said55percentofthosewhoattendclassesatits200locations—157intheUnitedStates—were2½oryounger.

Theentrepre