江苏高考英语专题三阅读理解第二步真题演练一.docx
《江苏高考英语专题三阅读理解第二步真题演练一.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《江苏高考英语专题三阅读理解第二步真题演练一.docx(9页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
![江苏高考英语专题三阅读理解第二步真题演练一.docx](https://file1.bdocx.com/fileroot1/2022-12/31/453624d2-5ddd-401c-a5d4-bd208d1ce37a/453624d2-5ddd-401c-a5d4-bd208d1ce37a1.gif)
江苏高考英语专题三阅读理解第二步真题演练一
真题演练
(一) [2020·江苏]
A
语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文。
文中作者向读者推荐了一本有关历史的书并介绍了其相关信息。
56.WhatisCHRONOLOGICAaccordingtothetext?
A.Abiography.B.Atravelguide.
C.Ahistorybook.D.Asciencefiction.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。
由倒数第二段中的“WhileCHRONOLOGICAtellsthestories...thisbookalsogives...”可知CHRONOLOGICA是一本书,再根据文章开头所说的这是一次穿越时间的迷人旅行(afascinatingjourneythroughtime)可判断这是一本历史书。
故选C项。
57.HowdoesthewriterrecommendCHRONOLOGICAtoreaders?
A.Bygivingdetailsofitscollection.
B.Byintroducingsomeofitscontents.
C.Bytellingstoriesatthebeginning.
D.Bycomparingitwithotherbooks.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。
通读文章可知,作者提到了这本书的部分内容——罗马的建立,因特网的缔造,罗马皇帝及百年战争等。
故选B项。
B
Beforebirth,babiescantellthedifferencebetweenloudsoundsandvoices.Theycanevendistinguishtheirmother’svoicefromthatofafemalestranger.Butwhenitcomestoembryoniclearning(胎教),birdscouldruletheroost.AsrecentlyreportedinTheAuk:
OrnithologicalAdvances,somemotherbirdsmayteachtheiryoungtosingevenbeforetheyhatch(孵化).New-bornchickscanthenimitatetheirmom’scallwithinafewdaysofenteringtheworld.
Thiseducationalmethodwasfirstobservedin2012bySoniaKleindorfer,abiologistatFlindersUniversityinSouthAustralia,andhercolleagues.FemaleAustraliansuperbfairywrenswerefoundtorepeatonesoundoverandoveragainwhilehatchingtheireggs.Whentheeggswerehatched,thebabybirdsmadethesimilarchirptotheirmothers—asoundthatservedastheirregular“feedme!
”call.
Tofindoutifthespecialqualitywasmorewidespreadinbirds,theresearcherssoughtthered-backedfairywren,anotherspeciesofAustraliansongbird.Firsttheycollectedsounddatafrom67nestsinfoursitesinQueenslandbeforeandafterhatching.Thentheyidentifiedbeggingcallsbyanalyzingtheorderandnumberofnotes.Acomputeranalysisblindlycomparedcallsproducedbymothersandchicks,rankingthembysimilarity.
Itturnsoutthatbabyred-backedfairywrensalsoemergechirpingliketheirmoms.Andthemorefrequentlymothershadcalledtotheireggs,themoresimilarwerethebabies’beggingcalls.Inaddition,theteamsetupaseparateexperimentthatsuggestedthatthebabybirdsthatmostcloselyimitatedtheirmom’svoicewererewardedwiththemostfood.
Thisobservationhintsthateffectiveembryoniclearningcouldsignalneurological(神经系统的)strengthsofchildrentoparents.Anevolutionaryinferencecanthenbedrawn.“Asaparent,doyouinvestinqualitychildren,ordoyouinvestinchildrenthatareinneed?
”Kleindorferasks.“Ourresultssuggestthattheymightbegoingforquality.”
语篇解读 这是一篇科普类的说明文。
文章讲述了澳大利亚的一位生物学家通过研究发现,鸟儿在孵化时会进行胎教,幼鸟会用胎教时学会的鸟叫声来引起鸟妈妈的关注。
鸟儿在胎教方面比人类更出色。
58.TheunderlinedphraseinParagraph1means“”.
A.betheworstB.bethebest
C.bejustasbadD.bejustasgood
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。
画线部分前面的语境说,婴儿在出生之前就能分辨很大的声响与人的嗓音(tellthedifferencebetweenloudsoundsandvoices);画线部分后面的语境说,有些鸟妈妈在鸟儿被孵化出来之前,就可能教它们啼叫(teachtheiryoungtosing)。
通过对比画线部分的前后我们发现,这里说的是与人类相比,鸟妈妈在胎教方面表现得最好(bethebest),因此选B。
59.WhatareKleindorfer’sfindingsbasedon?
A.Similaritiesbetweenthecallsofmomsandchicks.
B.TheobservationoffairywrensacrossAustralia.
C.ThedatacollectedfromQueensland’slocals.
D.Controlledexperimentsonwrensandotherbirds.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。
根据第三段的研究过程和第四段的研究结果可知,他的发现基于A项(鸟妈妈与幼鸟叫声的相似之处)。
60.Embryoniclearninghelpsmotherbirdstoidentifythebabybirdswhich.
A.canreceivequalitysignals
B.areinneedoftraining
C.fittheenvironmentbetter
D.maketheloudestcall
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。
文章最后两段说,研究结果发现,叫声与鸟妈妈的声音很接近的幼鸟得到的食物最多(thebabybirdsthatmostcloselyimitatedtheirmom’svoicewererewardedwiththemostfood),这表明,有效的胎教能够把孩子神经系统的优点发信号给母亲(signalneurologicalstrengthsofchildrentoparents)。
从这些信息判断,胎教能帮助鸟妈妈识别出更能适应环境的幼鸟,因此选C项。
C
Anewcommoditybringsaboutahighlyprofitable,fast-growingindustry,urgingantitrust(反垄断)regulatorstostepintocheckthosewhocontrolitsflow.Acenturyago,theresourceinquestionwasoil.Nowsimilarconcernsarebeingraisedbythegiants(巨头)thatdealindata,theoilofthedigitalage.ThemostvaluablefirmsareGoogle,Amazon,FacebookandMicrosoft.Alllookunstoppable.
Suchsituationshaveledtocallsforthetechgiantstobebrokenup.Butsizealoneisnotacrime.Thegiants’successhasbenefitedconsumers.Fewwanttolivewithoutsearchenginesoraquickdelivery.Farfromchargingconsumershighprices,manyoftheseservicesarefree(userspay,ineffect,byhandingoveryetmoredata).Andtheappearanceofnew-borngiantssuggeststhatnewcomerscanmakewaves,too.
Butthereiscauseforconcern.TheInternethasmadedataabundant,all-presentandfarmorevaluable,changingthenatureofdataandcompetition.Googleinitiallyusedthedatacollectedfromuserstotargetadvertisingbetter.Butrecentlyithasdiscoveredthatdatacanbeturnedintonewservices:
translationandvisualrecognition,tobesoldtoothercompanies.Internetcompanies’controlofdatagivesthemenormouspower.Sotheyhavea“God’seyeview”ofactivitiesintheirownmarketsandbeyond.
Thisnatureofdatamakestheantitrustmeasuresofthepastlessuseful.BreakingupfirmslikeGoogleintofivesmalloneswouldnotstopremakingthemselves:
intime,oneofthemwouldbecomegreatagain.Arethinkisrequired—andasanewapproachstartstobecomeapparent,twoideasstandout.
Thefirstisthatantitrustauthoritiesneedtomovefromtheindustrialageintothe21stcentury.Whenconsideringamerger(兼并),forexample,theyhavetraditionallyusedsizetodeterminewhentostepin.Theynowneedtotakeintoaccounttheextentoffirms’dataassets(资产)whenassessingtheimpactofdeals.Thepurchasepricecouldalsobeasignalthatanestablishedcompanyisbuyinganew-bornthreat.Whenthistakesplace,especiallywhenanew-borncompanyhasnorevenuetospeakof,theregulatorsshouldraiseredflags.
Thesecondprincipleistoloosenthecontrolthatprovidersofon-lineserviceshaveoverdataandgivemoretothosewhosupplythem.Companiescouldbeforcedtorevealtoconsumerswhatinformationtheyholdandhowmuchmoneytheymakefromit.Governmentscouldorderthesharingofcertainkindsofdata,withusers’consent.
Restartingantitrustfortheinformationagewillnotbeeasy.Butifgovernmentsdon’twantadataeconomycontrolledbyafewgiants,theymustactsoon.
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。
随着网络的发展,有些大型数据公司控制着大量的数据。
人们呼吁把这些巨头拆分。
但问题的根源不在这里,反垄断部门应该出面打破这些公司的数据垄断局面,给小公司更多的生存机会。
61.Whyisthereacalltobreakupgiants?
A.Theyhavecontrolledthedatamarket.
B.Theycollectenormousprivatedata.
C.Theynolongerprovidefreeservices.
D.Theydismissedsomenew-borngiants.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。
由第一段内容可知,信息犹如我们这个数据时代的石油,谷歌、亚马逊等这些巨头掌控着信息,成为最有价值的公司。
这种情况导致人们要求把这些巨头拆分,由此可知选A项。
62.WhatdoesthetechnologicalinnovationinParagraph3indicate?
A.Datagiants’technologyisveryexpensive.
B.Google’sideaispopularamongdatafirms.
C.Datacanstrengthengiants’controllingposition.
D.Datacanbeturnedintonewservicesorproducts.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。
题干直指第三段。
该段说网络丰富的资源改变了数据和竞争的本质,然后举例说谷歌使用这些数据来开展一些服务性的项目,比如翻译和声音识别,另外,网络公司对数据的控制给了他们巨大的权力(Internetcompanies’controlofdatagivesthemenormouspower.)。
根据这些信息判断选C项(拥有数据能够巩固网络巨头的控制地位)。
63.Bypayingattentiontofirms’dataassets,antitrustregulatorscould.
A.killanewthreatB.avoidthesizetrap
C.favourbiggerfirmsD.chargehigherprices
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。
题干的dataassets告诉我们,本题的答案在第五段。
该段的核心话题是反垄断部门也应该与时俱进(movefromtheindustrialageintothe21stcentury)。
传统的介入兼并的行为首先要考虑规模的大小(traditionallyusedsizetodeterminewhentostepin),但是现在应该考虑公司数据资产的情况(theextentoffirms’dataassets)。
当成熟的公司买入可能会对自己构成威胁的新公司时,反垄断部门就应该举示警红旗(shouldraiseredflags)。
由此推断,现在反垄断部门应该考虑被兼并公司的数据资产,而不是落入传统的公司规模大小这个陷阱,因此选B项。
64.Whatisthepurposeoflooseningthegiants’controlofdata?
A.Bigcompaniescouldrelievedatasecuritypressure.
B.Governmentscouldrelievetheirfinancialpressure.
C.Consumerscouldbetterprotecttheirprivacy.
D.Smallcompaniescouldgetmoreopportunities.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。
根据题干的looseningthegiants’controlofdata,我们把解题信息定位在第六段。
该段说第二个原则就是放松这些巨头对数据的控制:
放松网络服务的供应商对网络数据的控制,对提供这些数据的人应该给予更多,而且得到用户的同意之后,应该分享某些数据。
根据这些信息推断,加强对巨头的控制,小公司就能得到更多的发展机会,因此选D项。
D
OldProblem,NewApproaches
Whilecleanenergyisincreasinglyusedinourdailylife,globalwarmingwillcontinueforsomedecadesafterCO2emissions(排放)peak.Soevenifemissionsweretobegintodecreasetoday,wewouldstillfacethechallengeofadaptingtoclimatechange.HereIwillstresssomesmarterandmorecreativeexamplesofclimateadaptation.
Whenitcomestoadaptation,itisimportanttounderstandthatclimatechangeisaprocess.Wearethereforenottalkingaboutadaptingtoanewstandard,buttoaconstantlyshiftingsetofconditions.Thisiswhy,inpartatleast,theUSNationalClimateAssessmentsaysthat:
“Thereisno‘one-sizefitsall’adaptation.”Nevertheless,therearesomeactionsthatoffermuchandcarrylittleriskorcost.
Aroundtheworld,peopleareadaptinginsurprisingways,especiallyinsomepoorcountries.FloodshavebecomemoredamaginginBangladeshinrecentdecades.MohammedRezwansawopportunitywhereotherssawonlydisaster.Hisnot-for-profitorganizationruns100riverboatsthatserveasfloatinglibraries,schools,andhealthclinics,andareequippedwithsolarpanelsandothercommunicatingfacilities.Rezwaniscreatingfloatingconnectivity(连接)toreplacefloodedroadsandhighways.Butheisalsoworkingatafarmorefundamentallevel:
hisstaffshowpeoplehowtomakefloatinggardensandfishpondstopreventstarvationduringthewetseason.
ElsewhereinAsiaevenmoreastonishingactionsarebeingtaken.ChewangNorphellivesinamountainousregioninIndia,whereheisknownastheIceMan.Thelossofglaciers(冰川)thereduetoglobalwarmingrepresentsanenormousthre