高三英语第一轮复习高考英语阅读指导二知识精讲.docx
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高三英语第一轮复习高考英语阅读指导二知识精讲
高三英语第一轮复习：
高考英语阅读指导
（二）
【本讲主要内容】
高考英语阅读指导
（二）
【知识总结归纳】
（三）针对不同题型，采用不同方法。
1.细节理解题：
直接解答，是最容易的。
一般直接引用文章中的原句或稍加改动或计算，只要稍加分析就能选出正确答案。
Exercise:
RobertandJoannalikeschoolverymuch.AtschooltheycantalktotheirfriendsbutRobertandJoannacannotseetheirfriends.Theylive100milesawayandlikeRobertandJoanna.Theyallgotoschoolbybus.
Thechildrendonotgotoaschoolbecause___________.
A.theydonotlikeschool
B.theyarenotoldenoughtogotoschool
C.Theylivetoofarawayfromoneanother
D.Theirfamiliesaretoopoor
从“Theylive100milesawayandlikeRobertandJoanna,theyallgotoschoolbybus.”原句可以判断出选C.
HelenKellerwasbornahealthynormalchildinAlabamain1880.However,anillnessaccompaniedbyahighfeverstruckherwhenshewasstillaninfant,leavingherdear,blind,andunabletospeak.ForlittleHelen,theworldwassuddenlyadarkandfrighteningplace.Shereactedbybecomingwildandstubborn…
（1）Whenshewasborn,HelenKellerwasa________child.
A.healthyB.sickC.deafD.blind
（2）Whenshewasachild,HelenKeller____________.
A.couldn’thearanythingB.couldn’tseeanything
C.couldn’tspeakD.couldn’tdoalloftheabove
分析：
（1）A
（2）D
2.文章脉络理解题：
做题时，应通读全文，结合题目中所提供的条文，找出相应的语段，或以时间或情节的发展顺序整理出适当组合。
Exercise:
O.HenrywasapennameusedbyanAmericanwriterofshortstories.HisrealnamewasWilliamSydneyPorter.HewasborninNorthCarolinain1862.Asayoungboyhelivedanexitinglife.Hedidnotgotoschoolforverylong,buthemanagedtoteachhimselfeverythingheneededtoknow.Whenhewasabout20yearsold,O.HenrywenttoTexas,wherehetrieddifferentjobs.Hefirstworkedonanewspaper,andthenhadajobinabank.Whensomemoneywentmissingfromthebank,O.Henrywasbelievedtohavestolenit.Becauseofthat,hewassenttoprison.Duringthethreeyearsinprison,helearnedtowriteshortstories.Afterhegotoutofprison,hewenttoNewYorkandcontinuedwriting.HewrotemostlyaboutNewYorkandthelifeofthepoorthere.Peoplelikedhisstories,becausesimpleasthetaleswere,theywouldfinishwithasuddenchangeattheend,tothereaders’surprise.
InwhichorderdidO.Henrydothefollowingthings?
a.LivedinNewYork.b.Workedinabank.c.TraveledtoTexas.
d.Wasputinprison.e.Hadanewspaperjob.f.Learnedtowritestories.
A.e,c,f,b,d,aB.c,e,b,d,f,a,C.e,b,d,c,a,fD.c,b,e,d,a,f,
做这种题要善于抓住各个首项和尾项进行对比，迅速排除干扰项，快速准确地选出正确答案。
该题四个选项的首项集中在c,e两点，经分析，c在e之前，故A,C即可排除，再对B,D的尾项进行筛选，即可得出B是正确答案。
3.语义转换理解题：
首先要对全文和题目有较透彻的理解，才能对其中的个别难词或词组做出适当语境的解释。
不能望文生义，要扣准原文。
Exercise:
Itwaslunchtimeattheoffice；Barbarawasgoingtothestore.Jeanwantedhertopickupafewrollsofcolorfilmforher.Shewasgoingonvacationthenextweekandplannedtotakelotsofpictures.
BarbarawentandboughtthefilmforJean.Butwhenshereturnedtotheoffice,Jeanwasgone.SheleftanotetotellBarbaratoputthefilmonice.
Barbaradidso.SheputJean’sfilminherfreezer.Thenextmorning,thefilmhadiceandfrost.SheputitinapaperbagandbroughtittotheofficewhenshesawJean.“Hereisyourfilm.”saidBarbara.
“Thanks,”Jeansaid,shetookthefilmoutofthebag.“It’sallwetandcold.”
“Thatisfromthefreezer,”Barbarasaid.Jeanburstoutlaughing.Shelaughedandlaughed.
“What’ssofunny?
”
“Ididn’tmeanforyoutofreezethefilm.Ijustwantedyoutoholditforme!
”Jeanexplained.
（1）Theword“film”means__________.
A.cameraB.apicture
C.acolddrinkD.athinandflatmaterialusedfortakingphotos
（2）Theexpression“putitonice“means___________.
A.keepingsomethingforsomeone
B.buyingsomethingforsomeone
C.keepingsomethinginsafeplace
D.keepingsomethinginafreezer
（3）WhydidJeanburstoutlaughing?
A.Barbaramisunderstoodwhatshesaid.
B.It’skindforBarbaratoputthefilmonice.
C.It’sfoolishofBarbaratoputthefilmonice.
D.It’sfunnytoputthefilmonice.
这篇文章的难点在于对film和putitonice在文中的含义的理解。
从第一段Jeanwantedhertopickupafewrollsofcolorfilmforher和Shewasgoingonvacationthenextweekandplannedtotakelotsofpictures.可以看出film是“胶卷”的意思。
从最后一句话Ijustwantyoutoholditforme可以猜出putitonice是keepforme的意思。
答案是：
（1）D
（2）A（3）A
（96上海）
Thisyearsometwenty-threehundredteenagersfromallovertheworldwillspendabouttenmonthsinU.S.homes.TheywillattendU.S.schools,meetU.S.teenagers,andformimpressionsoftherealAmerica.Atthesametime,aboutthirteenhundredAmericanteenagerswillgotoothercountriestolearnnewlanguagesandgiveanewunderstandingoftherestoftheworld.
Thisyear______________teenagerswilltakepartintheexchangeprogrambetweenAmericanandothercountries.
A.twentythreehundredB.thirteenhundred
C.overthreethousandD.lessthantwothousand
答案：
C
4.推理判断题：
这类题比较难做，一般所给的推断条件都是充分的，要纵观全文，根据表层句推断出深层的含义，根据情景进行推理和概括，从全文推断出作者的意向和态度，要摆脱自己的主观看法。
a）Accordingtothepassage,wemayinferthat____________.
b）Whichofthefollowingis（not）trueaccordingtothepassage?
c）Thewriterofthetextwouldmostprobablyconsiderit_______.
Exercise:
（1）
InSouthAmericanthereiskindofmonkeythatcantellpeoplewhenitisn’tfeelingwell.It’scalledtheuakari.Whentheuakariishealthy,itsbaldheadisveryred.
（2）
Asseabirdsattempttoswimthroughoil-coatedwater,theyarecoveredwithoil.Becauseoil
makesflyingdifficult,theycan’tgetenoughfoodtokeepalive.Others,withtheirfeathersstucktogether,can’tkeepthecoldwaterfromtheirbodiesanddieofpneumonia.Somebirds,inattemptingtoremovetheoil,swallowsomuchofitthattheydieofpoisoning.
Theoilcausesdeathsfor______________.
A.tworeasons.B.threereasons.C.onereasons.D.fivereasons.
分析：
选B。
仔细阅读文章，发现有三个死因。
Becauseoilmakesflyingdifficult,theycan’tgetenoughfoodtokeepalive;withtheirfeatherstucktogether,can’tkeepthecoldwaterfromtheirbodiesandofpeumonia;somebirdsswallowsomuchofitthattheydieofpoisoning.
（3）
OneofthemostfamoustricksofIndianstreetperformersistolieonabedofnail.Aboardiscoveredwithhundredsofnails.Strangely,theperformerseemsquitecomfortableonthisbed!
Thesecret?
Thenailsareplacedsoclosetogetherthatweightisspreadovermanynails.Nopartofthebodypressesheavilyonanyonenail.
Iftheboardcontainedonafewnails,__________.
A.crowdswouldnotbeinterested
B.theperformerwouldnotbesuccessful
C.theperformerwouldbeinlessdanger
D.aheavyperformerwouldnotbehurt
分析：
选B。
文中已经分析了performers没有受伤的原因是因为许多的钉子分散了表演者的体重weightisspreadovermanynails,根据这个原因的分析,可以解决问题.
（4）
“Doyouhaveeverythingpacked?
”calledStan’smotherfromdownstairs.“Youroldshoesandenoughsocks?
”
“Yes,Mum,”saidStan.“Ievenpackedmytoothbrush.”
Stancheckedthelist.Hehadeverythingonthelistandmore.Stancarriedtheheavycasedownstairs.“I’mreadytogo,”hesaidtohismother.“Anothersummeroffun.Itwillbegoodtoseethesamefacesfromlastyear.”
1.WherewasStangoing?
A.summercampB.abroadC.mountainclimbingD.picnic
2.HowdidStanfeelaboutgoing?
A.Hewaslookingforwardtoit.
B.Hewasnotinterestedinit.
C.Hewasnotasexcitedasbefore.
D.Hewasalittleworriedaboutit.
分析：
1.A2.B
从文中的回答Ievenpackedmytoothbrush及hehadeverythingonthelistandmore,anothersummeroffun.Itwillbegoodtoseethesamefacesfromlastyear.等这些信息点可以判断出对这次假期的感受是lookforwardto期待.
5.主题概括题：
要对短文理解透彻，并有一定的归纳，总结，评价和概括的能力。
注意要全面地看文章，才能正确理解主题和中心。
a）Themainideaofthepassageis___________.
b）Theconclusionwecangetfromthestoryis_____________.
c）Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitletobegiventothearticle?
d）Themainpurposeofthestoryistotellus___________.
（1）首先要会区分文章或段落的主旨和细节。
无论是文章还是段落，都会涉及到许多内容，但是好的文章必定是围绕着一个主题或主旨写的，其他为主题服务的则是细节。
主旨句具有一定的概括性或结论性，而细节是为支撑主题的。
Naturehasanumberofdifferentwaysofburyingandthuspreservingthepast.Onewayisbyvolcaniccorruption.ThemostfamousexampleisprobablythegreatRomantownofPompeiiinsouthernItaly.ThetownwassoquicklyandcompletelycoveredwithvolcanicashesfromMountVesuviusonAugustdayin79A.D.thatthepeopleofthetownhardlyknewwhatwashappeningtothem.
Whichsentencecanbestexpressthemainideaoftheparagraph?
A.Buryingcanpreservethepast.
B.Volcaniceruptionsisdangerous.
C.Volcanoesofteneruptwithoutwarning.
D.ThegreatRomantownofPompeiiwascoveredwithvolcanicashes.
（2）要会归纳主题思想
有时主旨句在段落或文章中不明确，那么就要略读文章，分析清楚各细节之间的关系，归纳中心思想，比较题目中所提供的被选项，最终确定答案。
Exercise:
IlikewatchingTVverymuchforIthinkithasmanyadvantages.Firstofall,watchingTVisagoodrest.Afteradayofhardwork,weneedagoodrest.WatchingTVcanmakeourmindandbodynottiredanymorebecauseofthepleasantmusicandTVplays.
Besides,watchingTVisentertaining.Therearemanykindsofentertainment,suchassportsactivities,singinganddancingconcerts,playsandfilmsallovertheworldateverytime.It’snotpossibleforustogotoeveryplacetoenjoyalltheactivitieswithinashorttime.WeneedatleastovertenhourstodrivefromQueensDistricttoManhattanDistrict.Butwithinjustonesecond,TVcanbringusfromanNBAgameinNewYorktoafashionshowinParisbychangingthechannels.
Mostimportant,watchingTViseducational.OurchildrencanlearneverykindofsubjectsthroughtheeducationalprogramsandthespecialreportsonTV,andit’seasyforthemtolearnChinesefromaChineseteacherinBeijingandtolearnRussianlessonsfromaRussianteacherinMoscow.EvenwecanlearnhowtobehavewellfromtheTVplays.Meanwhile,ateachercanteachmillions
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