年考研英语真题及解析.docx
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年考研英语真题及解析
2000年全真试题
①Ifafarmerwishestosucceed,hemusttrytokeepawidegapbetweenhisconsumptionandhisproduction.②Hemuststorealargequantityofgrain1consumingallhisgrainimmediately.③Hecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamily2heproducesasurplus.④Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways:
asseedforsowing,asaninsurance3theunpredictableeffectsofbadweatherandasacommoditywhichhemustsellinorderto4oldagriculturalimplementsandobtainchemicalfertilizersto5thesoil.⑤Hemayalsoneedmoneytoconstructirrigation6andimprovehisfarminotherways.⑥Ifnosurplusisavailable,afarmercannotbe7.⑦Hemusteithersellsomeofhispropertyor8extrafundsintheformofloans.⑧Naturallyhewilltrytoborrowmoneyatalow9ofinterest,butloansofthiskindarenot10obtainable.[139words]
1.[A]otherthan[B]aswellas[C]insteadof[D]morethan
2.[A]onlyif[B]muchas[C]longbefore[D]eversince
3.[A]for[B]against[C]of[D]towards
4.[A]replace[B]purchase[C]supplement[D]dispose
5.[A]enhance[B]mix[C]feed[D]raise
6.[A]vessels[B]routes[C]paths[D]channels
7.[A]self-confident[B]self-sufficient
[C]self-satisfied[D]self-restrained
8.[A]search[B]save[C]offer[D]seek
9.[A]proportion[B]percentage[C]rate[D]ratio
10.[A]genuinely[B]obviously[C]presumably[D]frequently
Passage1
①Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmaybecomeadrivingforce.②WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.③Itsscientistsweretheworldsbest;itsworkersthemostskilled.④(11)AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.
①Itwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.②Justasinevitably,theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.③Bythemid-1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingindustrialcompetitiveness.④SomehugeAmericanindustries,suchasconsumerelectronics,hadshrunkorvanishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.⑤By1987therewasonlyoneAmericantelevisionmakerleft,Zenith.⑥(Nowthereisnone:
ZenithwasboughtbySouthKorea’sLGElectronicsinJuly.)⑦(12)Foreign-madecarsandtextilesweresweepingintothedomesticmarket.America’smachine-toolindustrywasontheropes.⑧Forawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadinventedandwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobethenextcasualty.
①Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.②Americansstoppedtakingprosperityforgranted.③Theybegantobelievethattheirwayofdoingbusinesswasfailing,andthattheirincomeswouldthereforeshortlybegintofallaswell.④Themid-1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmerica’sindustrialdecline.⑤Theirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfromoverseas.
①Howthingshavechanged!
②In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfiveyearsofsolidgrowthwhileJapanhasbeenstruggling.③(14)FewAmericansattributethissolelytosuchobviouscausesasadevalueddollarortheturningofthebusinesscycle.④Self-doubthasyieldedtoblindpride.⑤“Americanindustryhaschangeditsstructure,hasgoneonadiet,haslearnttobemorequick-witted,”accordingtoRichardCavanaugh,executivedeanofHarvard’sKennedySchoolofGovernment.⑥“ItmakesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehowourbusinessesareimprovingtheirproductivity,”saysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute,athink-tankinWashington,DC.⑦AndWilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievesthatpeoplewilllookbackonthisperiodas“agoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates.”[429words]
11.TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarIIbecause.
[A]ithadmadepainstakingeffortstowardsthisgoal
[B]itsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthanbefore
[C]thewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmostpotentialcompetitors
[D]theunparalleledsizeofitsworkforcehadgivenanimpetustoitseconomy
12.ThelossofU.S.predominanceintheworldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedinthefactthattheAmerican.
[A]TVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomesticmarket
[B]semiconductorindustryhadbeentakenoverbyforeignenterprises
[C]machine-toolindustryhadcollapsedaftersuicidalactions
[D]autoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomesticmarket
13.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage
[A]Itishumannaturetoshiftbetweenself-doubtandblindpride.
[B]Intensecompetitionmaycontributetoeconomi