fastreading2.docx

fastreading2.docx

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fastreading2

ModuleOne

PassageOne

Let'saddressthequestionofwhetherspeedreadingisevenadesirablegoal.Iamanavidfictionreader.Consciouslyorunconsciously,readersoffictionappreciatethebeautyingoodwriting.OccasionallyIwillreadapassageorsentenceovertobeimpressedbytheopeningsentencesofErnestHemingway'sTheOldManandtheSea,TheDark,andHerman.

IfIwasadeterminedspeedreader,Iwouldneverhavethetimetoappreciatethesebeautifulpassages.AndI'dneverhavethetimetosavorthedevelopmentofacharacterlikeRhettButler,theGreatGatsbyorCaptainAhab.Goodwritersmustbereadcarefullyandthoughtfullytobefullyappreciated.

Tocarrythequestionoftheneedforrapidreadingabitfurther,let'sconsiderthetechnicaloreducationalmaterialmostofusmustreadforourjobs.Ifyouworkinatechnicalfield－andmostbusinessandprofessionalpeopledo－you'dbetterreadslowlyandcarefully.Almostallbusinessestodayaresubjecttofederalregulationstosomedegree.IfyoumustreadtheFederalRegister,theCodeofFederalRegulations,theOSHAHandbookorothertechnicalmaterialsrelateddirectlytoyourjob,I'durgeyoutotakeyourtime.Amisreadingcouldbecostlyordamagingtoyourfirm.Ontheotherhand,newspapers,newsmagazinesandotherpublicationsshouldbereadwithsomedegreeofspeed.Here'swhereageneralknowledgeofspeedreadingtechniquesmightbeuseful.Especiallysincethatisthemostcommontypeofreadingwedo.

Anyonecanimprovetheirreadingefficiently.Todoso,youmustlearnsomebasictechniquesandthenconsciouslyapplythem.Perhapsanexpensivecoursewouldhelpyou,butaninexpensivepaperbackandconcentratedpracticemightprovideasmuchlong-termbenefit.Inanycase,youlosenothingbytryingtheself-helpapproach.

（306words）

1.Fromthepassagewecanknowthattheauthoris_________.

（a）anenthusiasticreaderoffiction

（b）anunenthusiasticreaderoffiction

（c）aspeedreaderoffiction

（d）anindifferentreaderoffiction

2.Hemingway'swritingismentionedinthepassagetoshowthat_________.

（a）somewritingshouldbereadcarefully

（b）somewritingshouldbereadquickly

（c）onehastounderstandthefullmeaningofawrittenpiece

（d）onedoesn'thavetounderstandthefullmeaningofawrittenpiece

3.Technicalmaterialsshouldbereadcarefullybecause_________.

（a）theyareusuallydifficulttounderstand

（b）theyarerelatedtofederalregulations

（c）theyareanuncommontypeofreading

（d）amisreadingmaydoharmtoyourwork

4.Onetypeofprintedmaterialtheauthorthinkscanbereadquicklyis________.

（a）abusinessletter

（b）adictionary

（c）anewsmagazine

（d）apoem

5.Theauthoradvisespeopleeagertoimprovetheirreadingspeedto________.

（a）attendanintensivecourse

（b）readacheappaperbackbeforeenrollinginacourse

（c）teachthemselvesbypracticewithacheappaperback

（d）readbooksonbasicspeedreadingtechniques

PassageTwo

Theschoolisacomplexsocialstructure,existinginitsownrightyetsurroundedbyothergroupswhichtosomeextentcontrolandinfluenceit.Individualsinaschoolaresubjecttoavarietyofpressuresbothwithintheschoolandoutsideit.Whataretheseinfluences,andwheredotheyoriginate?

Therearefourmajorelementswhichproduceandreceiveinfluences:

theteacher,thechild,theschoolitselfandtheoutercommunity.Thesefourelementswillinfluenceandbeinfluencedbyeachotheratmanylevelsinavarietyofways.Theteacher,forexample,bringsintotheschoolallhisownhabitsofmind,attitudes,beliefs,values,waysofdoingthingsandseeingtheworldwhichhehasinheritedfromthesocietyinwhichhewasbroughtup.Thesefactorswillinfluencethechildren,theschoolandthecommunityoutside.Thechildbringsintotheschooleverythingwhichhehaslearnedinhisfamily－habits,attitudes,beliefs,etc.－andtheteacherandtheschoolwillrespondtothese.Theschoolitselfisasocialorganizationwithspecialrequirementsofbehaviour,influencedbythegenerallyacceptedvaluesandtraditionsofeducation,builtupovertheyears.Boththechildandtheteachermustadaptthemselvestothese.Theschoolinfluencesthewidercommunityaroundit,bothbyproducingthemanpowerwiththeskillsneededbysociety,andbyshapingthebeliefsandattitudesoftheyoungenteringsociety.Asforthecommunity,itinfluencestheactualorganizationoftheschoolthroughsuchgroupsasgovernors,parent-teacherassociations,administrators,etc.,andinalessformalway,itisrepresentedbythoseworkingintheschool,thechildren,theteachersandservicingstaff.

Withallthesefactorsinmind,itisobviousthatschoolsmaydiffergreatlyaccordingtothenatureofthecommunitywhichtheyserve.Everyareahasitsowngeographical,economicandhistoricalcharacterwhichmaybereflectedintheschool.Forexample,aschoolservingacommunitywhichisdominatedbyonemajorindustrymayneedtoorganizeitselfaccordingtotheexpectationsofjobopportunitieswhichwillbeavailabletothechildrenastheyleavetofindwork.Aschoolinaremoteruralareamaybeslantedinadifferentdirection.Similarly,thepresenceintheneighbourhoodofoneparticularsocialclass,raceorreligionmaybereflectedintheschool.

（396words）

6.Bysaying“theschoolisacomplexsocialstructure,”theauthormeansthat_______.

（a）theschoolexistsinacomplexsociety

（b）theschoolisorganizedinmuchthesamewaythatthesocietyisorganized

（c）theschoolisalwayscontrolledbyinfluentialindividuals

（d）theschoolisalwaysinfluencedbythepeoplewithinandwithout

7.Accordingtotheauthor,theteacher__________.

（a）istheeducatorandwillneverbeinfluencedbythechildren

（b）alwaysrejectsthegenerallyacceptedvaluesandtraditionsofeducation

（c）influencesthechildrenandisinfluencedbythematthesametime

（d）shouldnotbringhisownhabitsofmindandvaluesintotheschool

8.Theschooldoesallthefollowingexcept__________.

（a）helpingchildrenformtheiroutlookandvaluesoflife

（b）teachingchildrenskillsneededinsociety

（c）settingspecialrequirementsofbehavior

（d）producinggroupsofgovernors

9.Thelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphimpliesthatthecommunity_________.

（a）influencestheschoolthroughsocialgroups.

（b）organizesvarioussocialgroups.

（c）representsthepeopleintheschool.

（d）influencestheschoolthroughpeoplebothinsideandoutsidetheschool.

10.Fromthepassagewemaydrawtheconclusionthat_________.

（a）thefourelementsofteninfluencethesocialstructure

（b）thefourelementsarealwaysinseparable

（c）thefourelementsalwaysaffecteachother

（d）thefourelementsdominatethemajorindustryinthecommunity

PassageThree

Youngpeopleshouldhavetherighttocontrolanddirecttheirownlearning,thatis,todecidewhattheywanttolearn,andwhen,where,how,howmuch,howfast,andwithwhathelptheywanttolearnit.Tobestillmorespecific,Iwantthemtohavetherighttodecideif,when,howmuch,andbywhomtheywanttobetaughtandtherighttodecidewhethertheywanttolearninaschoolandifsowhichoneandforhowmuchofthetime.

Nohumanright,excepttherighttolifeitself,ismorefundamentalthanthis.Aperson'sfreedomoflearningispartofhisfreedomofthought,evenmorebasicthanhisfreedomofspeech.Ifwetakefromsomeonehisrighttodecidewhathewillbecuriousabout,wedestroyhisfreedomofthought.Wesay,ineffect,youmustthinknotaboutwhatinterestsandconcernsyou,butaboutwhatinterestsandconcernsus.

Thisrightofeachofustocontrolourownlearningisnowindanger.Whenweputintoourlawsthehighlyauthoritariannotionthatsomeoneshouldandcoulddecidewhatallyoungpeopleweretolearnandbeyondthat,coulddowhatevermightseemnecessary（whichnowincludesdosingthemwithdrugs）tocompelthemtolearnit,wetookalongstepdownaverysteepanddangerouspath.Therequirementthatachildgotoschool,foraboutsixhoursaday,180daysayear,forabouttenyears,whetherornothelearnsanythingthere,whetherornothealreadyknowsitorcouldlearnitfasterorbettersomewhereelse,issuchagrossviolationofcivillibertiesthatfewadultswouldstandforit.Butthechildwhoresistsistreatedasacriminal.Withthisrequirementwecreatedanindustry,anarmyofpeoplewhosewholeworkwastotellyoungpeoplewhattheyhadtolearnandtotrytomakethemlearnit.Someofthesepeople,wantingtoexerciseevenmorepoweroverothers,ortobeevenmore“helpful,”arenowbeginningtosay,“Ifcompulsoryeducationisgoodforchildren,whywouldn'titbegoodforeveryone?

Ifitisagoodthing,howcantherebetoomuchofit?

”

Theyarebeginningtotalk,asonemandidonanationwideTVshow,about“womb-to-tomb”schooling.Ifhoursofhomeworkeverynightaregoodfortheyoung,whywouldn'ttheybegoodforusall－theywouldkeepusawayfromtheTVsetandotherfrivolouspursuits.Somegroupofexperts,somewhere,wouldbegladtodecidewhatwealloughttoknowandthenverysooftencheckuponustomakesureweknewit－with,ofcourse,appropriatepenaltiesifwedidnot.

（481words）

11.Accordingtothepassage,itismostfundamentalthatyoungpeopleshouldhavethefreedomof_______.

（a）speech

（b）thought

（c）learning

（d）curiosity

12.Thepassageimpliesthat_______.

（a）therightofcontrollingone'sownlearningisnotahumanright

（b）somepeoplearedoingthekindoflearningwhichtheydonotwant

（c）interestplaysani