英语翻译K机电091 魏范凯最终版.docx

英语翻译K机电091 魏范凯最终版.docx

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英语翻译K机电091魏范凯最终版

ManufacturingSystemEngineeringwithMechatronicalUnits

Abstract

Todealproperlywithmechatronicalunitswithinmanufacturingsystemengineeringtheyhavetobedefined,describedandusedinanappropriatewayestablishingamechatronicalengineeringprocess.

Thispaperdescribesfromgoodpracticeexperiencehowmechatronicalunitscanbemodeledandusedwithinthemechatronicalengineeringprocess,howthedatadescribingmechatronicalunitscanbestructuredwithintoolsandexchangeformats,andhowmechatronicalunitscanbederivedtobere-usablewithinthemechatronicalengineeringprocess.

Thereby,thispapergivesadvicesforanefficientandproperapplicationofmechatronicalunitswithinengineeringprocessesofmanufacturingsystems.

1、Motivation

Withinthelastyearstheengineeringprocessofmanufacturingsystems（EP）hasdrasticallychangedduetochangingeconomicalandtechnicalconditions.Theshareofcostcausedbyengineeringactivitiesamongtheoveralllifecyclecostsofamanufacturingsystemhasincreased.Hence,todaymanufacturingcompaniesareinterestedinreducingtheengineeringcosts[1].Thisreductioncanbereachedbyseveralways.OneofthemostoftenconsideredwaysisshorteningtheEPbyabridge

andinterlinkthedifferentengineeringactivities.Butthisactivityisdifficulttoachieve[2,3]sincethecrucialpointofEPshorteningisthenecessitytoensureconsistency

amongthedifferentengineeringactivitieswithrespecttotheappliedanddevelopedengineeringartifacts.

Asecondoftendiscussedproblem,theEPhastocopewith,istheneedofmoreflexiblemanufacturingsystemscreatedwithintheEP[4].Amaximalflexibilitywithrespecttopossibleproducts,appliedtechnologies,andusedresourcesisclaimed.Buttheseflexibilityrequirementscontradicttheintendedshorteningoftheengineeringprocessasbothanincreasingproductvarietyandanincreasedtechnologyflexibilityincreasecomplexityofthemanufacturingsystem.

Tosolvethisproblemwithinthelastyearsthewellknownmechatronicparadigmhasbeenadaptedtomanufacturingsystems[4].Basedonmechatronicalunits（MU）andamechatronicalengineeringprocess（MEP）itseemstobepossibletoreducetheengineeringeffortsandtimewhileenablingmanufacturingsystemflexibility.TheMEPconsidersadistinctionbetweencustomerprojectsindependentandcustomerprojectdependentengineeringactivities.TheprojectindependentengineeringactivitiesconsiderthedefinitionofinvariantsystembuildingblocksandthedefinitionofinterfacestotheseinvariantbuildingblocksestablishingMU.Theprojectdependentengineeringstepswilluse/reusetheMUwithinengineeringdisciplinecrossingengineeringprocessesasdepictedintheupperpartofFigure1.

Figure1:

Dependenciesbetw.MEPandMU

ButthesuccessofMEPshorteningandmanufacturingsystemflexibilityincreasestronglydependsonthewayareexploitedwithintheMEP.Thisuseisbasedonasetofquestions（seeFigure1lowerpart）.

Thefirstsetaddressesthewayengineeringinformationisstructuredandreflectedgenerallyforbothengineeringprocesstypes.ItclaimsabasicconceptforthemodelingofmechatronicalunitswhichhastobemappedtothedifferenttoolsandexchangeformatappliedwithintheMEP.Thissetofquestionsisconsideredinsection2,3and4ofthispaper.ThesecondsetofquestionsdealwiththeapplicationofMUswithintheprojectdependentengineeringprocess.HeretheamountofbasicactionssupportedbytheMUinformationstructureanditsintegrationwithintheoverallworkflowoftheMEPisrelevant.Basedonthemanoptimizedtoolsupportcanbedeveloped.

Thisisaddressedinsection5and6.ThethirdsetofquestionsconsidertheapplicationofMUswithintheprojectindependentMEP.ItaskshowreusableMUscanbederivedandisdraftedinsection7.

2、PrinciplesofmodelingMUs

TheideaofMUsisnotnew[5].Ithasalsobeenconsideredwithinmanufacturingsystemengineering[6,7].Alsothisideahasfounditswayintostandardizationdocuments[8].WithincontrolsystemengineeringaMUwillbeunderstoodascombinationofmechanical,electrical,andcontrolrelatedcomponents.Thiscombinationismadewiththespecialpurposetoensureadedicatedunitbehaviorwhichcanbeprovidedtoanoverallsystem.Thereby,mechatronicalsystemsareseenashierarchyofMUs[7].Atthelowestlevelofthehierarchyso-calledbasicblocksestablishanenergetical,material,andinformationalflowofthecontrolledsystem（i.e.themanufacturingprocess）,actuators,sensors,andinformationprocessingunits.AtthehigherlevelstheMUsconnectlowerlevelMUswithinformationprocessingunitsofthehigherlevel.

Figure2:

InformationstructureoftheMU

图2:

MU的信息结构

WithintheMEPMUsareconsideredasunitsprovidingdedicatedmanufacturingfunctionalitiestothemanufacturingsystem.ThesefunctionalitiesandtheconditionsrequiredforitsprovisionarethemaininformationmodelingparadigmconsideredwithintheMEP.Hence,andalsofollowingthehistoryofengineeringwithdifferentindependentengineeringactivitiesanddisciplines,theMUisseenwithintheMEPasconsistentcombinationofinformationsetsofdifferentengineeringdisciplineswithdependenciesamongtheinformationwhilethedifferentinvolvedinformationcanbeclassified.Thisclassificationcanfollowengineeringdisciplinerelated[9],plantstructurerelated[20],ordatarelated[13]structures.Butalloftheseapproachesarenotcomplete.Theyhavetobecombined.TheresultingstructureisdepictedinFigure2.（Thecapitalletterswithinthisfigureareusedtodescribethemappingofinformationtodatastoringstructuresdescribedlateron.）Thenamedinformationsetconsistsof6mainsubsets:

•Theprocesscontroldataconsistsofallcontrolrelevantinformationincludingcontrolcodeandcontrolcodespecificationsofanykind（B）andsignalinformationlikesignallistandvariabledefinitions（A）.

•Themechanicaldata（C）coverallinformationaboutthemechanicalconstructionincludinggeometryandkinematicsdata.

•Theelectrical,pneumatic,andhydraulicdata（D）describetheelectrical,pneumatic,andhydraulicconstructionoftheMUincludingtheconnectionsandwiringofthedifferenttypesanditsplugs.

•Thetopologicaldata（E）coverthehierarchyofMUs

anddevices.Theygiveanoverviewaboutthestructuring

andtheinterfaceswithinthehierarchy.

•Thefunctiondescribingdatawillgiveafunctionaldescriptionofthe.Thiscontainsrelevantfunctionalparameters（F）,andtechnologicaldescriptions

andguidelines（G）,andfunctionalmodelsoftheuncontrolled（H）andcontrolledbehavior（I）oftheMU.

•Finally,thegenericdata（J）summarizefurtherorganizational,technical,economicalandotherdata.Theycoverforexamplearticlecodesandmanufactureridentificationsandaddresses,weightandsizeoftheMU,supplyinformationforelectricalandotherpower,costsforacquisitionandmaintenance,andusermanuals.

Additionallytothedatasetstheinformationstructurehastoensureconsistencyamongthedifferentdatasets.Forexample,thesizeinformationwithinthegenericdatahastomatchthesizeinformationinthegeometrydescriptionsandthepowersupplyinformationhastoconformtheelectric,pneumatic,andhydraulicdata.

3.Modelingofmechatronicalunitswithincomputeraidedengineeringtools

Amongothers,onetoolsupportingtheapplicationofMUswithintheMEPistheSIMATICAutomationDesignerbySiemensAG[10,11].SIMATICAutomationDesigner[AD]followsthevisionofdigitalengineeringfromtransferoftheplanningphaseCADdata,throughconfiguringoftheautomationsolution,rightuptouseduringliveoperations.Itallowstheintegratedrepresentationofmechanicalcomponents,electricalsystemsandautomationinonemechatronicplantmodelandenablesmodularconfigurationofmanufacturingautomationprojectsbasedonparameterizableengineeringtemplates.Byusingengineeringtemplates,MUscanbepredefined,storedinlibrariesandusedtomodelmultiplemanufacturingsystemsbyselection,instantiation,parameterization,extensionandinterlinking.

ADoffershighflexibilityofmodeling,reflectingitsintegrationindifferentMEPsandsystemenvironments.ForcomprehensivemodelingandtoolsupportitisnecessarytomaptheinformationsetsofourMUsconcepttotheADmodelingstructures.

Therefore,thefollowingmappingreflectsstronglythemanufacturingautomationrelevantpartsoftheMUwithoutneglectingallothers.

ThesuggestedinformationstructuringisbasedontheideathatMUswillprovidefunctionstotheoverallsystem.Thesefunctionscanbeprimaryfunctionsdirectlyusedwithinthemanufacturingprocessliketransportationfunctionsinthecaseofconveyers,manufacturingfunctionsinthecaseofmachines,cells,orrobots,orsupportingfunctionsinthecaseofclamsets.InadditiontotheprimaryfunctionstherecanbesecondaryfunctionsrequiredforcorrectbehavioroftheMU.Suchfunctionscanbemaintenancefunctionsorpreparationfunctionslikemanufacturingparameteradjustment.

Figure3:

PossiblemodellingofonemechatronicalunitinAD

Withinthesuggestedinformationstructuringtheinternalstructuringofthefunctionsshouldbestandardized.Eachfunctioniscontrolledbyappropriatecontrolcode.Thiscodeimplementsabehaviorspecificationgivenbyaprogramorganizationunit（POU）.ToconnectthefunctionstotheunderlyingMUsanddevicesandtoparameterizethem,appropriateinterfacesandparametersaredefined.

ToprovidethefunctionstheMUconsistsoflowerlevelMUsanddeviceswhicharegivenwithin