诊断学词汇简版.docx

诊断学词汇简版.docx

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诊断学词汇简版

Historytaking病史采集primarydiagnosis初步诊断

Physicalexamination体格检查laboratoryexamination实验室检查

inquiry问诊

generaldata一般项目chiefcomplaints主诉

historyofpresentillness现病史pasthistory既往史

reviewofsystems系统回顾personalhistory个人史

maritalhistory婚姻史menstrualhistory月经史

childbearinghistory生育史familyhistory家族史

physicalexamination体格检查

inspection视诊

deepslippingpalpation深部滑行触诊法

bimanualpalpation双手触诊法

ballottement冲击触诊

percussion叩诊resonance清音dullness浊音

tympany鼓音flatness实音hyperresonance过清音

auscultation听诊

olfactoryexamination嗅诊vitalsign生命体征

Bodytemperature体温

Stateofnutrition营养状况emaciation消瘦

facialfeatures面容compulsiveposition强迫体位orthopnea端坐呼吸

posture姿势gait步态

pallor苍白cyanosis发绀

stainyellow黄染

maculae斑疹rosella玫瑰疹papules丘疹

hematoma血肿

spideranqioma蜘蛛痣liverpalms肝掌edema水肿

microcephalia小颅

settingsunphenomenon落日现象

deformingskull变形颅visualacuity视力

visualfield视野eyelids眼睑

entropion睑内翻ptosis上睑下垂

conjunctive结膜exophthalmos眼球突出

enophthalmos眼球下陷convergencereflex集合反射

cornea角膜acrussenilis老年环

sclera巩膜iris虹膜

pupil瞳孔auditoryacuity听力gum牙龈

intercostalspace肋间隙

scapula肩胛骨xiphoidprocess剑突

costalspinalangle肋脊角

anteriormidline前正中线midclavicularline锁骨中线

sternalline胸骨线

midaxillaryline腋中线scapularline肩胛线

suprasternalfossa胸骨上窝supraclavicular锁骨上窝

infraclavicular锁骨下窝chestwall胸壁

barrelchest桶状胸rachiticchest佝偻病胸

threedepressionssign三凹症dyspnea呼吸困难

orthopnea端坐呼吸

thoracicexpansion胸廓扩张度

pleuralfrictionfremitus胸膜摩擦感

bronchialbreathsound支气管呼吸音

bronchiovesicularbreathsound支气管肺泡呼吸音

vesicularbreathsound肺泡呼吸音

crackles啰音adventitioussound附加音

moistcrackles湿啰音coarsecrackles粗湿啰音

wheezesrhonchi干啰音

vocalresonance语音共振bronchophony支气管语音

lobarpneumonia大叶性肺炎

chronicbronchitis慢性支气管炎bronchialasthmas支气管哮喘

pleuraleffusion胸腔积液pneumothorax气胸

Apicalimpulse心尖搏动inwardimpulse负性心尖搏动

Thrill震颤

Sinusarrthythmia窦性心律不齐prematurebeat期前收缩

Atrialfibrillation心房颤动pulsedeficit脉搏短绌

Splittingofheartsound心音分裂extracardiacsound额外心音

Galloprhythm奔马律openingsnap开瓣音

Pericardialknock心包叩击音

Earlysystolicejectionsound收缩早期喷射音

Midandlatesystolicclick收缩中晚期喀喇音

Cardiacmurmurs心脏杂音systolicmurmurs收缩期杂音

Diastolicmurmurs舒张期杂音continuousmurmurs连续性杂音

Pericarrdialfrictionsound心包摩擦音

Waterhammerpulse水冲脉pulsusalternans交替脉

Paradoxicalpulse奇脉pulseless无脉

capillarypulsation毛细血管搏动征

Mitralstenosis二尖瓣狭窄mitralregurgitation二尖瓣关闭不全

Aorticstenosis主动脉瓣狭窄aorticregurgitation主动脉关闭不全

Pericardialeffusion心包积液heartfailure心力衰竭

Umbilicus脐xiphoidprocess剑突

anteriorsuperioriliacspine髂前上棘

costovertebralangle肋脊角

rightupperquadrant右上腹部（九分法）

righthypochondriacregion右上腹部

rightlumberregion右侧腹部

rightiliacregion右下腹部

epigastric上腹部

umbilical中腹部

hypogastricregion下腹部

lefthypochondriacregion左上腹部

leftlumbarregion左侧腹部

leftiliacregion左下腹部

abodominaldistension腹部膨隆

ascites腹水frogbelly蛙腹

abodominalconcavity腹部凹陷scaphoidabodomen舟状腹

peristalsis蠕动波

board-likerigidity板状腹

tenderness压痛

reboundtenderness反跳痛

peritonealirritationsign腹膜刺激征fluctuation波动感

hepatojugularrefluxsign肝颈静脉回流征

liverthrill肝震颤

shiftdullness移动性浊音bowelsound肠鸣音

frictionsound摩擦音

pepticulcer消化性溃疡acuteperitonitis急性腹膜炎

livercirrhosis肝硬化acuteappendicitis急性阑尾炎

intestinalobstruction肠梗阻abodominalmass腹部肿块

arthrosis关节acropachy杵状指

tremor震颤painsensation痛觉

Touchsensation触觉vibrationsense震动觉

Superficialreflexes浅反射cornealreflex角膜反射

Abdominalreflex腹壁反射cremastericreflex提睾反射

Plantarreflex跖反射

Bicepstendonreflex肱二头肌反射

tricepstendonreflex肱三头肌反射

brachoradialistendonreflex桡骨膜反射

patellartendonreflex膝反射Achillestendonreflex跟腱反射

ankleclonus踝阵挛patellarclonus髌阵挛

bloodroutinetest血液常规检测

polycythemia，erythrocytosis红细胞增多症

polycythemiavera真性红细胞增多症

neutrophil中性粒细胞neutrophilia中性粒细胞增多neutropenia中性粒细胞减少

leucopenia白细胞减少Dohlebodies杜勒小体

auerbodies棒状小体eosinophil嗜酸性粒细胞

eosinophilia/eosinopenia嗜酸性粒细胞增多/减少

basophil嗜碱性粒细胞

basophilia/basophilopenia嗜碱性粒细胞增多/减少

lymphocyte淋巴细胞

lymphocytosis/lymphocytopenia淋巴细胞增多/减少

monocyte单核细胞

monocytosis/monocytopenia单核细胞增多/减少

plateletcount，PC血小板计数

erythrocytesedimentationrate，ESR红细胞沉降率

hemolyticanemia溶血性贫血

autoimmunehemolyticanemia，AIHA自身免疫性溶血性贫血

promyelocyte早幼粒细胞myelocyte中幼粒细胞

neutrophilic/eosinophilic/basophilicmyelocyte中性/嗜酸性/嗜碱性中幼粒细胞

segmentedgranulocyte分叶核粒细胞

prolymphocyte幼淋巴细胞

macrophage单核细胞

macrophage吞噬细胞

CLL慢性淋巴细胞白血病bloodgroup血型

MHC主要的组织相容性复合物anemia贫血

irondeficiencyanemia缺铁性贫血

hemolyticanemia溶血性贫血

megaloblasticanemia巨幼细胞贫血

aplasticanemia，AA再生障碍性贫血leukemia白血病

acutelymphocytic/myelocyticleukemia急性淋巴细胞/髓细胞白血病

acutenon-lymphocyticleukemia，ANLL急性非淋巴细胞白血病

chronicmyelocyticleukemia，CML慢性粒细胞白血病

myelodysplasticsyndrome，MDS骨髓增生异常综合症

monoclonalproteinM蛋白

urineexamination尿液检测urinevolume尿量

polyuria多尿oliguria少尿anuria无尿

hematuria血尿hemoglobinuria血红蛋白尿

myoglobinuria肌红蛋白尿bilirubinuria胆红素尿

pyuria脓尿bacteriuria菌尿

specificgravity，SG尿比重

proteinuria蛋白尿

glycosuria糖尿glucosuria葡萄糖尿

urinebilirubin尿胆红素urobilinogen尿胆原

leucocyte白细胞feces粪便

serousmembranefluid浆膜腔积液transudate漏出液

exudate渗出液

squamoussarcoma，SCC鳞状细胞癌

gomerularfitrationrate，GFR肾小球滤过率

clearance血浆清除率creatinine，Cr肌酐

endogenouscreatinineclearancerate，内生肌酐清除率

bloodureanitrogen，BUN血尿素氮

uricacid，UA尿酸

liverfunctiontest，LFTs肝功能试验

serumtotalprotein，STP血清总蛋白albumin血清清蛋白

globulin球蛋白

prealbumin，PAB前清蛋白

prothrombintime，PT凝血酶原时间

thrombintime，TT凝血酶时间

cholesterol内源性胆固醇

cholesterolesterase胆固醇酯

free/unconjugatedbilirubin游离/非结合胆红素

urobilinogen尿胆素原urobilin尿胆素

seruntotalbilirubin，STB总胆红素

bilesalts胆汁酸盐cholicacid胆酸

isoenzymes同工酶aminotransferases氨基转移酶

transaminase转氨酶

ALT丙氨酸氨基转移酶AST天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶

mitochondrialAST线粒体AST

alkalinephosphatase，ALP碱性磷酸酶

γ-glutamyltransferase，GGTγ谷氨酰氨基转移酶

α-L-fucosidase，AFUα-L-岩藻糖苷酶

glutaminedehydrogenaseGLDH或GDH谷氨酸脱氢酶

aminoterminalofprocollagentypeⅢpeptide，PⅢPⅢ型前胶原氨基末端肽copper铜

acutehepaticinjury急性肝损伤

livercirrhosis肝硬化

fastingbloodglucose，FBG空腹血糖

fastingplasmaglucose，FPG空腹血浆葡萄糖

atheromatousplaque动脉粥样硬化斑块

apolipoprotein，apo载脂蛋白

，HBsAg乙型肝炎病毒表面抗体

hepatitisBvirussurfaceantibody乙型肝炎病毒表面抗体

HBeAg乙型肝炎病毒e抗原

hepatitisBviruseantibody乙型肝炎病毒e抗体

hepatitisBviruscoreantigen/antibody乙型肝炎病毒核心抗原/抗体

electrocardiogram，ECG心电图

depolarization除极repolarization复极

vector向量resultantvector心电综合向量

leadsystem导联体系limbleads肢体导联

chestleads胸导联

left/rightatrialenlargement左/右房肥大

left/rightventricularhypertrophy左/右室肥大

biventricularhypertrophy双侧心室肥大

myocardialischemia心肌缺血myocardialinjury/infarction心肌损伤/梗死arrhythmias心律失常

sinusrhythm窦性心律

sinusarrhythmia窦性心律不齐sinusarrest窦性停搏

compensatorypause代偿间歇

prematureventricular/atrialcontraction室性/房性期前收缩

prematurejunctionalcontraction交界性期前收缩

paroxysmalsupraventriculartachycardia阵发性室上性心动过速

ventriculartachycardia室性心动过速

atrial/ventricularflutter，心房/心室扑动

atrial/ventricularfibrillation，心房/心室颤动

heartblock心脏传导阻滞

sinoatrialblock窦房阻滞intra-atrialblock房内阻滞

atrioventricularblock，AVB房室传导阻滞

pre-excitationsyndrome预激综合征

escaperhythm逸搏心律

electrolytesdisturbance电解质紊乱

hyperkalemia高血钾hypokalemia低血钾