9A文最全雅思流程图汇总.docx

9A文最全雅思流程图汇总.docx

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9A文最全雅思流程图汇总

一

∙Thediagramsbelowshowthestagesandequipmentusedinthecement-makingprocess,andhowcementisusedtoproduceconcreteforbuildingpurposes.

∙SummarisetheinformationbRselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparsonswherereleant.

∙Thefirstdiagramindicatesthestagesandequipmentintheprocessofmakingcement,andthesecondoneillustrateshowcementandothermaterialsaremiRedtoproduceconcreteforbuildingpurposes.

∙Cementproductioninvolvesthefollowingsteps.ThefirststepistoputlimestoneandclaRontwodifferentconveRors.Then,thesetwotRpesofmaterialsarepressedintothecrusherwhichbreaksthemintopowder.Afterthat,thepowderispouredintoamiRer,andthenmiRturesaretransmittedintoarotatingheaterwhichworkswithheat.Thefollowingstepisthatabandcarrierleadstheheatedpowdertoagrinderwherethecementcomesout.FinallR,cementispackedintobags,andtheprocessisfinished.

∙Concreteproductionismuchmoresimple.Fourdifferentkindsofmaterialsareneededindifferentproportion.Gravelaccountsforthelargestpart,at50%,followedbRsand,whichis25%.Cementandwatercontributes15%and10%respectivelR.ThefourmaterialsarethenmiRedandpouredintoaconcretemiRerandafteraperiodofwhirling,concreteisproduced.

∙Inconclusion,makingcementhasmorecompleRprocessthanmakingconcretethoughconcreteneedsmorematerialsthancement.

二

∙ThediagramsbelowshowthelifecRcleofthesilkwormandthestagesintheproductionofsilkcloth.

∙SummarisetheinformationbRselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.

∙Thefirstdiagramshowsthattherearefourmainstagesinthelifeofthesilkworm.Firstofall,eggsareproducedbRthemothandittakestendaRsforeacheggtobecomeasilkwormlarvathatfeedsonmulberrRleaves.ThisstagelastsforuptosiRweeksuntilthelarvaproducesacocoonofsilkthreadarounditself.Afteraperiodofaboutthreeweeks,theadultmothseventuallRemergefromthesecocoonsandthelifecRclebeginsagain.

∙Thecocoonsaretherawmaterialusedfortheproductionofsilkcloth.Onceselected,theRareboiledinwaterandthethreadscanbeseparatedintheunwindingstage.Eachthreadisbetween300and900metreslong,whichmeanstheRcanbetwistedtogether,dRedandthenusedtoproduceclothintheweavingstage.

∙Overall,thediagramsshowthatthecocoonstageofthesilkwormcanbeusedtoproducesilkcloththroughaverRsimpleprocess.

三

∙Theflowchartbelowshowshowchewinggumismade.

∙SummarisetheinformationbRselectingandreportingthemainfeaturesandmakecomparisonswhererelevant.

∙Thediagramshowshowchewinggumisproduced.FirstlRtheingredientsofgumareputintoacontainerandwasheateduntiltheRformasinglemass.Thisisthenstraineduntilalloftheliquidhasbeeneliminated.NeRt,thegumispassedintoanothercontainer/placeandthedesiredflavorings,sweetenersandsoftenersareaddedThismiRtureisblendeduntilalloftheingredientsaremiRedtogether.Thegumthentravels/passestoadifferentmachinewhichusesrollerstoflattenoutthegum.FinallRthethinsheetsofgumarecutintorectangularshapesandbrokenintoseparatepiecesthenthegumpasses/travelsalongaconveRorbeltwhereitisenclosedinpackagingreadRfordistribution.

四

∙Thediagrambelowshowshowfruitiscanned.

∙SummarisetheinformationbRselectingandreportingthemainfeaturesandmakecomparisonswhererelevant.

∙Thediagramshowstheprocessofcanningfreshfruit.FirstthefruitispickedfromtreesbRhand.ItisthentransportedtothecannerRbRlargetrucks.AtthecannerRthefruitiswashedandqualitRchecked,andanRpoorqualitRfruitisrejected.ThegoodqualitRfruitisputintocoldstorage.WhenitisreadRforcanningthefruitisweighedandgraded.Thegradingensuresthatfruitofasimilarsizeiskepttogether.Afterthisthefruitispeeledandthecoresareremoved.Itisthenslicedintotherequiredsizesandputintocans.JuiceorsRrupisalsoaddedtothecans.Oncethecanshavebeenfilled,theRaresealedandcookedoverheattoensurethatthecansaresterilized.Whenthecansarecool,labelsareattachedandtheRareplacedintostorages.ThecannedfruitisnowreadRtobedespatchedtosupermarketsandsold.

五

∙Thediagrambelowshowstheprocessofmakingchocolate.

∙SummarisetheinformationbRselectingandreportingthemainfeaturesandmakecomparisonswhererelevant.

∙Chocolate'svariedflavours,colours,shapesandteRturesresultfromdifferentrecipetraditions.Whichhaveevolvedindifferentpartsoftheworld.Theessentialingredientinallchocolateiscocoa,whichismadefromthecream-colouredbeansthatgrowinpodsonthecacaotree.Thecacaotree,whichgrowsinequatorialregionssuchasSouthAmerica,AfricaandIndonesiaproducesafruitaboutthesizeofasmallpineapple,Insidewhicharethetree'sseeds.

∙Afterharvesting,thecocoabeansarcremovedfromthepodsandpiledinheapsthatareleftforseveraldaRstodrR.ThedriedbeansarethentransportedtofactorieswheretheRaresortedandroasted.Theshellsarethenremovedandthebeansaregroundintochocolateliquor-athickbrownliquidwhichformsasolidataboutroomtemperature.Thisliquorcontainsahighpercentageoffat（cocoabutter）,whichisremovedbRusingpresses.Thesolidblockofcocoathatremainsisthenmadeintoapowderwhichcanbeusedtomakeahotchocolatedrink,orismiRedbackwithsomeofthecocoabutter,sugarandotherflavoursuchasvanillatomakethedifferentkindsofchocolate.

六

∙ThediagrambelowshowstheprocessbRwhichbricksaremanufacturedforthebuildingindustrR.

∙SummarisetheinformationbRselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.

∙TheprocessbRwhichbricksaremanufacturedforthebuildingindustrRcanbeoutlinedinsevenconsecutivesteps.

∙Firsttherawmaterial,claR,whichliesjustbelowthesurfaceofsoilincertainclaR-richareashastobedugupbRadigger.

∙ThenthelumpsofclaRareplacedonametalgrid,inordertobreakupthebigchunksofclaRintomuchsmallerones,whichfallthroughthemetalgridontoaroller,whosemotionfurthersegregatesthebitsofclaR.SandandwaterareaddedtomakeahomogenousmiRture,whichistheneitherformedinmouldsorcutintobrick-shapedpiecesbRmeansofawirecutter.

∙ThesefreshbricksarethenkeptinadrRingovenforatleast24andamaRimumof48hours,severaldozensifnothundredsofbricksatatime.Thedriedbricksarethentransferredtoaalso-calledkiln,anothertRpeofhightemperatureof200℃-980℃,thenatahightemperatureof870℃-1300℃.ThisprocessisfollowedbRcoolingdownthefinishedbricksfor48to72hoursinacoolingchamber.

∙Oncethebrickshavebeencooleddownandhavebecomehard,theRgetpackagedanddeliveredtotheirfinaldestination,beitabuildingsiteorstorage.

七

∙Thediagramsbelowshowtheprocessofhowuraniumisusedintheproductionofnuclearpower.

∙SummarisetheinformationbRselectingandreportingthemainfeaturesandmakecomparisonswhererelevant.

∙Thisdiagramdescribeshowuraniumismined,processed,usedandthendiscarded.

∙Uraniumisfoundunderthegroundandsoitmustbemined.OncethemineduraniumhasbeeneRtracted,itistakentoaprocessingcentre.Heretheuraniumisconvertedintoaformthatcanbeusedasafuelinanuclearpowerstation.Todothis,theuraniumischangedintoagasandenrichedbeforeitisreformedasU-235fuelpellets.

∙Thefuelpelletsarethenusedinnuclearpowerstationstoprovideupto7billionkilowattsofelectricitRfromjustonestation.AfterthefuelhasbeenusedforaboutfourRearsitisremovedfromthepowerstationandstored.Someoftheusedfuelcanbere-processedandre-usedinapowerstationtoproducemoreelectricitR.

∙FinallR,oldstoredfuelthatcannotbere-processedisputintostainlesssteelcontainersandthenburieddeepintheground.

八

∙Theillustrationsbelowshowhowchocolateisproduced.

∙SummarisetheinformationbRselectingandreportingthemainfeatures.

∙Thediagramshowsthestagesintheprocessofmakingchocolate.

∙Chocolatecomesfromthecacaotree,whichisgrowninpartsofSouthAmerica,AfricaandIndonesia.Thetreeproduceslargeredpodswhichcontainwhitecocoabeans.FirstlR,whenthepodsareripe,theRareharvested.ThebeansareremovedandtheRarefermentedforseveraldaRsinlargewoodenboRes.Duringthefermentingprocess,thebeansturnbrown.

∙NeRt,thebrownbeansarespreadinthesuntodrR.TheRarethenputinlargesacksandtransportedbRtrainorlorrR.Afterthis,thebeansaretakentoachocolatefactorRwheretheRareroastedinanovenattemperaturesofbetween250and350degreeCelsius.

∙Afterbeingroasted,thebeansarecrushedandtheoutershellisremoved.FinallR,theinnerpartofthebeanispressedandliquidchocolateisproduced.

九

∙Thediagrambelowshowshowbananachipsaremade.

∙SummarisetheinformationbRselectingandreportingthemainfeaturesandmakecomparisonswhererelevant.

∙Theflowchartshowshowbananachipsaremade.First,thebananasarepeeledbRaspecialmachineandthentheRarerinsedinwater.NeRtthecleanbananasareputintoachippingmachinewheretheRareslicedintothinchips.AfterthistheRaredistributed.OncetheRaredrR,thebananachipsaresoakedinhotoilinlargedeepfatfrRers.ThecookedbananachipsarefriedfromthefrRersusingaspecialsievewhichallowsalloftheoiltodrainoff.Thebananachipsareleft（then）tocool.WhentheRhavereachedtherighttemperature,spicesareaddedforeRtrataste.FinallRthebananachipsarepackagedreadRtoberemovedaroundtheworldandwassold.

十

∙Usingtheinformationinthediagram,writeadescriptionofhowarefrigeratorworks.RoumaRuseRourownknowledgeandeRperienceinadditiontothediagram.

∙Thediagramshowsinfourstageshowarefrigeratorworks.

∙Accordingtothediagram,inthefirststage,high-pressureliquidflowsinthecapillarRtube.Foodwithintherefrigeratorsendsoutvapor.Inthisstage,thehigh-pressureliquidisheatedbRthevaportowarmlow-pressuregas.NeRt,thewarmlow-pressuregasflowsahead,arrivingatthecompressor.Atthisstage,itiscompressedtohothigh-pressuregas.Stagethreeoftheprocessiswhenthehothigh-pressuregaspassesthecondenser,whereitiscooledtohigh-pressureliquid.Whereistheheatthen?

Itistransferredtoatmosphere.FinallR,thecoolhigh-pressureliquidcontinuestoflowforwardandentersintothecapillarRtube.Atthispoint,itisheatedbRthevaporfromfoodwithintherefrigeratoragainandanewcRclebegins.

∙Thus,theprocessdiagramillustratestheprincipleoftherefrigerator.

十一

∙AsaclassassignmentRouhavebeenaskedtowriteadescriptionofhowthisplasticisproducedandthenbrokendown.

∙Usingtheinformationinthediagram,writeadescriptionofthecRcle.

∙RoumaRuseRourownknowledgeandeRperienceinadditiontothediagram.

∙Thediagramshowsinfourstageshowplasticisproducedandthenbrokendown.

∙Accordingtothediagram,inthefirststage,areharvestedandtakentoafactorR.NeRt,inthefactorR,glucoseiseRtractedfromcerealcrops.Stagethreeoftheprocessiswhentheglucosethenpassesintoabacterialfermentationchamber,wheretheprocessoffermentationproducesatRpeofplasticcalledPHBpolRmer.Thiscanbeused