在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语真题及答案解释.docx

在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语真题及答案解释.docx

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在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语真题及答案解释

2002年在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语试题

PaperOne

PartIVocabularyandStructure（25minutes，10points）

Directions：

Thereare20incompletesentencesinthissection．Foreachsentencethereare4choicesmarkedA，B，CandD．Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence．MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter．

1．ExperimentsinthephotographyofmovingobjectsinboththeUnitedStatesandEuropewellbefore1990．

A．havebeenconductingB．wereconducting

C．hadbeenconductedD．areconducted

2．Afterlongnegotiations，thefirmtobuildadouble-purposebridgeacrosstheriver．

A．contractedB．contactedC．consultedD．Convinced

3．Diderotwasalsoaphilosophicalmaterialist，thatthoughtdevelopedfromthemovementsandchangesofmatter．

A．believingB．havebeenlocatedC．believesD．belocating

4．Wefelttodeathbecausewecouldmakenothingofthelecturer’sspeech．

A．exposedB．tiredC．exhaustedD．bored

5．ThepopulationofmanyAlaskancitieshasdoubledinthepastthreeyears．

A．largerthanB．morethanC．asgreatasD．asmanyas

6．Itwasverydifficulttobuildapowerstationinthedeepvalley，butitaswehadhoped．

A．cameoffB．wentoffC．broughtoutD．madeout

7．Ababymightshowfearofanunfamiliaradult，heislikelytosmileandreachouttoanotherinfant．

A．ifB．wheneverC．sothatD．whereas

8．ChristmasisaholidayusuallycelebratedonDecember25ththebirthofJesusChrist．

A．inaccordancewithB．intermsof

C．infavorofD．inhonorof

9．Weather，therewillbeanopenairpartywithlivemusicherethisweekend．

A．permitsB．shouldpermit

C．willpermitD．permitting

10．Whenworkersareorganizedintradeunions，employersfindithardtolaythem　．.

A．offB．aside

C．outD．down

11．Thesymbolsofmathematics　　　wearemostfamiliararethesignsofaddition，subtraction，multiplication，divisionandequality．

A．towhichB．which

C．withwhichD．inwhich

12．Themachinesinthisworkshoparenotregulated　butarejointlycontrolledbyacentralcomputersystem．

A．inevitablyB．individually

C．irrespectivelyD．irregularly

13．Wearesurethattodothisfacetoface，hewouldfinditdifficulttoexpresshimselfwithoutlosinghistemper．

A．werehetotryB．wouldhetry

C．washetryingD．ifhetries

l4．Thelocalpeoplewerejoyfullysurprisedtofindthepricesofvegetablesnolongeraccordingtotheweather．

A．evaluatedB．converted

C．fluctuatedD．modified

l5．herealizeditwasalreadytoolateforustoreturnhome．

A．NosooneritgrewdarkwhenB．Hardlyitgrewdarkthan

C．ItwasnotuntildarkthatD．Scarcelyitgrewdarkthan

16．Withoutcomputernetwork，itwouldbeimpossibletocarryonanybusinessoperationintheadvancedcountries．

A．practicallyB．preferably

C．preciselyD．possibly

17．willMr．Forbesbeabletoregaincontrolofthecompany．

A．WithhardworkB．Asregardshishardwork

C．OnlyifheworkshardD．DespitehishardWork

18．Fromtheincidenttheyhavelearnedalesson：

decisionsoftenleadtobitterregrets．

A．urgentB．hasty

C．instantD．prompt

19．Whattheteacherofthescienceclassdoesandsaysofgreatimportancetothestudentsatcollege．

A．wasB．are

C．isD．were

20．TheChinesecommunitythere，consistingof67000，isthelargestconcentrationofChineseoutsideAsia．

A．visitorsB．workers

C．adultsD．inhabitants

PartIIReadingComprehension（70minutes，40points）

Directions：

Thereare5passagesinthispart．Eachofthepassagesisfollowedby4questionsorunfinishedstatements．Foreachofthemthereare4choicesmarkedA，B，CandD．ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter．

PassageOne

IntheUnitedStatesthewaypeoplespendtheirleisuretimeisanimportantpartoftheiridentity．Perhapseverybodydoesnearlythesamethingalldayintheofficeorthefactory，butleisuretimeiswhatmakespeopledistinctandrevealswhotheyare．Somepeoplelikerockmusic，forexample，andothersmaylikejazzorclassicalmusic．Somepeoplearerunnersorswimmers，andothersare“couch（睡椅）potatoes”who“surf”thetelevisionchannelswitharemotecontrol．Somegotomuseumswhileothersspendlonghoursatashoppingcentre．Thesekindsofchoicesarewaysthatpeopledefinethemselves．

Ithasn’talwaysbeenthisway．“Leisuretime”wasalmostunknownintheUnitedStatesintheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies．Whenmostpeopleworkedonfarms，theworkdaywasfromsunrisetosunseteverydayexceptSunday，whichwasdevotedtochurch．Later，withtheriseoffactoriesandcitypopulations，peopleworkedequallylonghoursandhadonlySundayforrest．Somepeopledidmanyofthethingsthenthattheydonow—attendconcerts，haveparties，gotorestaurants．readnovels，orplaysports—buttoamuchlesserextent.

Slowly，throughoutthetwentiethcentury，leisuretimegrew．Technologymadefarmworklessburdensome．andchangesinlawsshortenedthefactoryworkdayandweek．Newinventionssuchasthephonograph（留声机）andtheradiogavepeopleaccesstomusicandmassentertainmentonascaleunknownbefore．Peoplegraduallybecameconsumersofentertainment，andbusinessescompetedfiercelyfortheirdollars．

Formanypeopleleisuretimemeansgoingsomewhere—toamuseum,toaconcert,toarestaurant,ortoabaseballgame,forexample.Oritmeansdoingsomethingsuchasplayingvolleyball，backpacking，swimming，biking，orplayinginaparkwiththeirchildren．Forotherpeoplefreetimemeansstayinghomewithwonderfulsourcesofentertainment，suchasaVCR，stereo（立体声系统），orcableTVwithdozensofchannels．Otherspursuecreativeactivitiessuchascooking，gardening，andhomeimprovement．Thelateststay-at-homeactivityis“surfingthenet”—thatis．lookingforinformationandentertainmentontheInternet．

PeopleintheUnitedStatesarebasicallynotmuchdifferentfromothersinwhattheydointheirleisuretime．Therealdifferencemaylieintheenergy，time，money，andsheerenthusiasmthattheydevotetoit．

21．“Couchpotatoes”inparagraph1referstothosewho．

A．controltheirviewingofTVprogramsB．arehappywatchingsituationcomedies

C．watchTVwhileeatingpotatochipsD．arecrazyaboutwatchingTVprograms

22．Accordingtothepassage，intheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies，someAmericans．

A．workedfromsunrisetosunsetsevendaysaweek

B．preferredworkinginfactoriestoworkingonfarms

C．hadmanyoftheleisuretimeactivitiesthatpeoplenowhave

D．foughtforshorterworkinghoursandmoreleisuretime

23．Apartfromtechnology，thegrowingleisuretimethroughoutthetwentiethcenturyisalsodueto　　．

A．changesinlaws　　　　　B．massentertainment

C．newtypesofconsumption　D．competitivebusinesses

24．Intermsofleisuretimeactivities，peopleintheUnitedStates　　．

A．enjoyalargervarietythanpeopleinothercountries

B．arenotmuchdifferentfrompeopleinothercountries

C．enjoymorestay—at—homeactivitiessuchas“surfingthenet’’

D．arelessenergeticandenthusiasticthanothers

PassageTwo

Whetheryouareloggingontoyourpersonalcomputer，usingacreditcard，ordisarmingadoorsecuritysystem，passwordsorPINs（personalidentificationnumbers）jealouslyguardaccesstonumerousregularoperations．Itisestimatedthatwithintenyears，consumerscouldbefacedwithhandlingmorethan100passwords!

Giventhepopularityofpasswords，howCanyouchooseonesthataresufficientlycomplicatedtobesecureyetaresimpleenoughtoremember?

Therearebasicguidelinestobearinmind．First，thedon’ts．Don’tuseasapasswordyournameorthatofamemberofyourfamily，eveninmodifiedform．Alsoavoiduseofyourtelephonenumber，yourSocialSecuritynumber，oryouraddress．SuchinformationCaneasilybeobtainedbyadeterminedhacker（黑客）．

Inaddition，ifpossible，don’tusepasswordsmadeupentirelyoflettersordigits．Arelativelysimplecomputerprogramcancracksuchacodequickly．Finally，donotuseawordthatcanbefoundinanydictionary，evenaforeign-languageone．Hugelistsareavailablethatcontainwords，placenames，andpropernamesfromalllanguages．Programscantestforvariationsofthesewords，suchasiftheyarespelledbackward，capitalized，orcombined．

So，whatkindsofpasswordsshouldbeused?

Usuallyonesthathaveaminimumofsixtoeightcharactersandthathaveamixtureofupper—andlower-caseletters，digits，andpunctuation（标点）symbols．Howdifficultisittocracksuchacombinationofcharacters?

Onesourcesaysthat“amachinethatcouldtryonemillionpasswordspersecondwouldrequire，ontheaverage，overonehundredyears．”

Howcanyouchooseacombinationthatiseasytoremember?

　Somesuggestthatyoutake　thetitleofafavoritebookorfilmoralinefromasongorpoemandusethefirstletterfromeachwordasyourpassword，addingcapitalletters，punctuation，orothercharacters．Forexample，“tobeornottobe”couldbecome“2B／not2B”．

Othersuggestionsincludetakingtwoshortwordsandlinkthemwithapunctuation　character．suchas“High。

?

Bug”or“Song；Tree”．

Takingintoaccountthesuggestionsoutlinedabovecanhelpyoutoprotectimportant　informationfromunwantedhackers．Remember，too，theimportanceofchangingyourpasswordsregularly．Justafinalcomment：

Whateverpasswordsyoudecidetouse，don’tpickanyoftheexamplesgivenabove．

25．Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

A．Howtostrengthensecuritythroughapassword．

B．Howtochooseapasswordthatiseasytoremember．

C．Howtopreventyourpasswordfrombeingcracked．

D．Howtochooseasafeandconvenientpassword．

26．Whyshouldn’tweuseawordthatcanbefoundinanydictionaryasapassword?

A．Becauseitcanbeeasilyrememberedbyacomputerhacker．

B．Becausecomputerprogramscancrackit．

C．Becausecomputerhackersare