届北京人大附中高考英语阅读理解二轮复习选.docx

届北京人大附中高考英语阅读理解二轮复习选.docx

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届北京人大附中高考英语阅读理解二轮复习选

北京人大附中2017-2018届高考英语阅读理解二轮复习选编

（2）及答案

阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

ScientistshavefoundwhatlooklikecavesonMars（火星）,andsaytheycouldbeprotectinglifefromtheplanet’sterribleenvironment.

ThefirstcavesdiscoveredbeyondtheEarthappearassevenmysteriousblackdotsonthepicturessentbackbyNASA’sMarsOdysseyorbiter.Eachaslargeasafootballfield,theymaybeopeningsintonaturalcavesbelowtheMartiansurface.

“IfthereislifeonMars,thereisagoodchanceyou’dfinditincaves,”saidJutWynne,oneoftheresearcherswhonoticedthefeatureswhileworkingonaUSGeologicalSurveyMarsCaveDetectionProgram.

JonathanClarke,ageologistwiththeMarsSocietyofAustralia,yesterdaydescribedthediscoveryasexciting.

Onephototakenatnightbyaninfraredimager（红外线成像器）showedoneholetobeunusuallywarm,suggestinghotairtrappedduringthedayisflowingout.

“Isaid:

‘Wow,that’sacave.’”Dr.Clarkesaidexcitedly.“Peoplehavebeenlookingfortheseforalongtime;nowwehavefoundthem.”

Heagreedsuchcaveswouldbeperfectplacestohuntforlifeescapingfromthebitterlycold,radiation-soaked（充满辐射的）,drysurface.

“Tinydropsofwatercouldcollectinside,”hesaid.“Iftherearegasescomingout,theycouldprovideenergyforawholerangeofbacteria.Acaveisalsoaprotectionfromradiation;thesurfaceofMarsisexposedtohighlevelsofspaceradiation.

Thecavesprobablyformedwhentube-shapedlavaflows（管状岩浆流）spreadacrosstheplanetlongago.Theoutsideofthetubescooled,formingsolidwalls,whilesomethinghotterinsideallowedtheremaininglavatoflowout,formingcaves.”

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.HowthecaveswereformedonMars.

B.HowscientistsfoundthesecavesonMars.

C.CavesonMarsmaybefullofhotairorasignoflife.

D.ScientistshavecompletelyrecognizedthesurfaceofMars.

2.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat　　　.　

A.waterhasalreadybeenfoundonMars

B.thescientistsfoundallthecavesatnight

C.itiscertainthatthereislifeinthesecaves

D.thesurfaceofMarsisbitterlycold,radiation-soakedanddry

3.Accordingtothepassage,Dr.Clarkewassoexcitedbecause　　　.　

A.suchcavescouldprovideenergyforlife

B.theyhadfinallyfoundthecavesonMars

C.suchcaveswouldbeperfectplacestohuntforlife

D.scientistshadlongbeenlookingforthesecaves

4.NecessaryconditionforlifeonMarsmentionedinthepassagemayinclude　　　.　

A.lavaandenergyB.waterandradiationfromspace

C.gasesandlavaD.waterandprotectionfromradiation

【参考答案】1--4、CDBD　　

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

SupposeyouareavisitorinthelandofMongolia（蒙古）,somefriendsaskyoutoeatwiththem.Whatkindofmannersdotheywantyoutohave?

Theywantyoutogivealoudburp（打饱嗝儿）afteryoufinisheating.Burpingwouldshowthatyoulikeyourfood.Insomecountries,ifyougiveabigburp,youaretoldtosay“Excuseme,please”.

Inmanyplacespeopleliketoeattogether.ButinsomepartsofPolynesiaitisbadmannerstobeseeneatingatall.Peopleshowtheirgoodmannersbyturningtheirbacksonotherswhiletheyeat.

WhataremannerslikeinanEastAfricantown?

Thepeopletrynottoseeyou.Theyarebeingpolite.Youmayseeafriend.Hemaynotseeyouatall.Ifyouarepolite,youwillsitdownbesidehim.Youwillwaituntilhefinisheswhatheisdoing.Thenhewilltalktoyou.Mannersaredifferentallovertheworld.Butitisgoodtoknowthatallmannersbegininthesameway.Peopleneedwaystoshowthattheywanttobefriends.

1.InMongolia,burpingisawayofshowingthat__________.

A.youareimpolite

B.youenjoyedthemealpreparedbythehost

C.yourmealwasnotenough

D.youarefriendlywithyourhost

2.However,insomecountries,ifyougiveabigburp,youaretoldtosay“________”

A.I’mfullB.I’msorryC.IhavehadenoughD.Excuseme,please

3.InPolynesia,tobepolitewhileeatingyoushould__________.

A.eatquicklyB.sitstill

C.turnyourbackonothersD.say“Bequick,please”

4.PeopleinanEastAfricantownarebeingpoliteby__________.

A.waitingforalongtimebeforevisitsB.sittingdownbesideothers

C.seeingafriendquicklyD.tryingnottoseeyou

5.Wehavegoodmannerstoshowthatwe__________.

A.aredifferentfromotherpeople

B.don’twantotherpeopletoworryus

C.beginallmannersinthesameway

D.wanttobefriendswithotherpeople

【参考答案】1—5、BDCDD

较难题目特训：

科普知识类

阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Doyouknowhowitiswhenyouseesomeoneyawnandyoustartyawningtoo?

Orhowharditistobeamongpeoplelaughingandnotlaughyourself?

Well,apparentlyit’sbecausewehavemirrorneurons（神经元）inourbrains.

Putsimply,theexistenceofmirrorneuronssuggeststhateverytimeweseesomeoneelsedosomething,ourbrainsimitate（模仿）it,whetherornotweactuallyperformthesameaction.Thisexplainsagreatdealabouthowwelearntosmile,talk,walk,danceorplaysports.Buttheideagoesfurther:

mirrorneuronsnotonlyappeartoexplainphysicalactions,theyalsotellusthatthereisabiologicalbasisforthewayweunderstandotherpeople.

Mirrorneuronscanundoubtedlybefoundalloverourbrains,butespeciallyintheareaswhichrelatetoourabilitytouselanguages,andtounderstandhowotherpeoplefeel.Researchershavefoundthatmirrorneuronsrelatestronglytolanguage.Agroupofresearchersdiscoveredthatiftheygavepeoplesentencestolistento（forexample:

“Thehandtookholdoftheball”）,thesamemirrorneuronsweretriggeredaswhentheactionwasactuallyperformed（inthisexample,actuallytakingholdofaball）.

Anyproblemswithmirrorneuronsmaywellresultinproblemswithbehavior.Muchresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewithsocialandbehavioralproblemshavemirrorneuronswhicharenotfullyfunctioning.However,itisnotyetknownexactlyhowthesediscoveriesmighthelpfindtreatmentsforsocialdisorders.

Researchintomirrorneuronsseemstoprovideuswithevermoreinformationconcerninghowhumansbehaveandinteract（互动）.Indeed,itmayturnouttobetheequivalent（相等物）forneuroscienceofwhatEinstein’stheoryofrelativitywasforphysics.Andthenexttimeyoufeeltheurgetocoughinthecinemawhensomeoneelsedoes—well,perhapsyou’llunderstandwhy.

1.Mirrorneuronscanexplain　　　.　

A.whywecrywhenwearehurt

B.whywecoughwhenwesufferfromacold

C.whywesmilewhenweseesomeoneelsesmile

D.whyweyawnwhenweseesomeoneelsestayuplate

2.Theunderlinedword“triggered”inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans“　　　”.　

A.setoff　　　　B.cutoff　　　　　C.builtup　　　　D.brokenup

3.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatmirrorneurons　　　.　

A.relatetohumanbehaviorandinteraction

B.controlhumanphysicalactionsandfeelings

C.resultinbadbehaviorandsocialdisorders

D.determineourknowledgeandlanguageabilities

4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Waystofindmirrorneurons.　　　B.Problemsofmirrorneurons.

C.Existenceofmirrorneurons.　　　D.Functionsofmirrorneurons.

【参考答案】1—4、CAAD　　

阅读理解-----【2012·江苏卷】

阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Medicaldrugssometimescausemoredamagethantheycure.Onesolutiontothisproblemistoputthedrugsinsideacapsule,protectingthemfromthebody—andthebodyfromthem—untiltheycanbereleasedatjusttherightspot.Therearelotsofwaystotrigger（引发）thisrelease，includingchangingtemperature,acidity,andsoon.Buttriggerscancomewiththeirownrisks—burns,forexample.Now,researchersinCaliforniahavedesignedwhatcouldbeaharmlesstriggertodate:

shiningnearinfraredlight（NIR,近红外线）onthedruginthecapsule.

Theideaofusinglighttoliberatethedruginthecapsuleisn'tnew.Researchersaroundtheglobehavedevelopedpolymers（聚合物）andothermaterialsthatbegintobreakdownwhentheyabsorbeitherultraviolet（UV,紫外线）orvisiblelight.ButtissuesalsoreadilyabsorbUVandvisiblelight,whichmeansthedrugreleasecanbetriggeredonlyneartheskin,wherethelightcanreachthecapsule.NIRlightlargelypassesthroughtissues,soresearchershavetriedtouseitasatrigger.Butfewcompounds（化合物）absorbNIRwellandgothroughchemicalchanges.

ThatchangedlastyearwhenAdahAlmutairi,achemistattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,reportedthatsheandhercolleagueshaddesignedapolymerthatbreaksdownwhenitabsorbsNIRlight.TheirpolymerusedacommerciallyavailableNIRabsorbinggroupcalledonitrobenzyl（ONB）.Whentheycatchthelight,ONBgroupsfalloffthepolymer,leadingtoitsbreakdown.ButONBisonlyasosoNIRabsorber,anditcouldbepoisonoustocellswhenitseparatesfromthepolymer.

SoAlmutairiandhercolleaguesreportedcreatinganewmaterialforcapsulesthat'sevenbetter.Thisoneconsistsofalongchainofcompoundscalledcresolgroupslinkedinapolymer.Cresolcontainsreactive（易反应的）componentsthatmakeithighlyunstableinitspolymericform,afeatureAlmutairiandhercolleaguesusetotheiradvantage.Afterpolymerizingthecresols,theycapeachreactivecomponentwithalightabsorbingcompoundcalledBhc.WhentheBhcsabsorbNIRlight,thereactivegroupsareexposedandbreakthelongpolymerintotwoshortchains.Shiningadditionallightcontinuesthisbreakdown,potentiallyreleasinganydrugsinthecapsule.What'smore,Almutairisays,Bhcis10timesbetteratabsorbingNIRthanisONBandisnotpoisonoustocells.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttrigger?

A.Temperaturechange.B.NIRlight.

C.Aciditychange.D.UVlight.

2.WhyisONBunsa