暑假初升高英语培训专用讲义.docx
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暑假初升高英语培训专用讲义
Englishisfun
Pre-reading
1.WhatdoyouknowaboutEnglishjokesorhumor?
2.DoyouhaveanydifficultyunderstandingEnglishidioms（成语）andproverbs（谚语）?
3.Doyouoftenpayattentiontopunctuations（标点）inEnglishsentences?
Reading
A
Shutyourmouth!
Amanwhoisdrivingacarisstoppedbyapoliceofficer.
Themansays,“What’stheproblem,Officer?
”
Officer:
“I’mgoingtogiveyouaticketfornotwearingyourseatbelt.”
Man:
“Oh,Ijusttookitoffwhenyouwerewalkinguptothecar.”
Wife:
“OhHarry,youneverwearyourseatbelt.”
Themannturnstohiswifeandyells,“SHUTYOURMOUTH!
WOMAN!
”
Theofficerturnstothewomanandasks,“Ma’am,doesyourhusbandtalktoyouthiswayallthetime?
”
Thewifesays,“No,onlywhenhe’sdrunk.”
B
“Apple-polishing”
An“apple-polisher”isonewhogivesgiftstowinfriendshiporspecialtreatment.It’snotexactlyabribe,butitisclosetoit.
“Apple-polishing”isasoldashumansociety,butthephraseitselfisrecent,about50yearsago.Itcomesfromtheschoolroom.Foralongtime,someschoolboyswouldleaveashinyappleontheteacher’sdesk.Theywouldrubandpolishtheappletogiveitabrightshine,soastomakeitlookmoretasty.
Suchagift,thestudenthoped,mightmaketheteachershuthereyestohispoorworkandgivehimagoodmark.
Allsortsofpeopleareapple-polishers,includingpoliticiansandpeopleinhighoffices---almosteverybody.
Thereareotherphrasesmeaningthesamethingsas“apple-polishing”---“soft-soap”or“butterhimup”.Agiftisjustonewayto“softsoap”somebody.orto“butterhimup”.Anotherthatisjustaseffectiveisflattery,givingsomeonehighpraise---tellinghimhowgoodhelooks.orhowwellhespeaks,orhowwiseheis.Flattery,ofcourse,isthecheapestkindof“apple-polishing”.Toflatteranothercostsyounothingandyoucangiveitasfreelyasyouwant.Andyoucanalwaysfindsomebodyeagerlylookingforit.
C
WhenwasRomebuilt?
Teacher:
WhenwasRomebuilt?
Tom:
ATnight.
Teacher:
Whotoldyouthat?
Tom:
Youdid.YousaidRomewasn’tbuiltinaday.
D.
Theimportanceofpunctuation
AnEnglishteacherwrotethesewordsonthewhiteboard:
“Womanwithouthermanisnothing.”Theteacherthenaskedthestudentstopunctuatethewordscorrectly.
Theboyswrote:
Woman,withoutherman,isnothing.”
Thegirlswrote:
”Woman!
Withouther,manisnothing.”
Post-reading
1.Readingforinformation
Thinkingout
1.InwhatsituationwasthehusbandunkindtohiswifeaccordingtowhatthewomansaidaboutherhusbandinPassageA?
2.DoyouhaveanydifficultyinunderstandingPassageB?
3.WasTom’sanswercorrectinPassageC?
4.Haveyourealizedtheimportanceofpunctuation（标点）?
Tryingout
Readthefourpassagesagainandanswerthefollowingquestions.
1.HowmanytrafficrulesdidthehusbandbreakinPassageA?
__________________________________________________________________
2.Findtwootherexpressionswhichmean“apple-polishing”inPassageB?
__________________________________________________________________
3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”meaninParagraph5ofpassageB?
__________________________________________________________________
4.Whatdoestheproverb“Romewasnotbuiltinaday”mean?
__________________________________________________________________
5.Canyougivesomeexamplestoshowtheimportanceofpunctuation?
_______________________________________________________________
2.Readingforlanguage
Thinkingout
你有没有因为词汇量不够，在阅读中遇到生词而感到烦恼呢？
你常用什么方法对付生词？
除了运用构词法以外，我们还可以通过其他什么方法？
你拥有什么英语工具书呢？
Tips:
通过上下文猜测生词的词义，这也是一种学习生词的方法。
所谓“词不离句，句不离文”，只有把单词放到具体的情景中，才能准确地把握和理解它。
例如：
Thereareotherphrasesmeaningthesamethingsas“apple-polishing”---“softsoap”or“butterhimup”.
从句子结构可以猜测出soft-soap,butterhimup的词义相当于apple-polishing.
另一种处理生词的方法是查字典。
一本好的英语词典是英语学习者必备的工具书。
许多英语单词不仅词义丰富，而且有很多固定搭配，查阅字典能帮助我们准确地理解和使用单词，防止望文生义。
例如：
1.Theofficerturnstothewomanandasks,“Ma’am,doesyourhusbandtalktoyouthiswayallthetime?
”（turnto的含义是“转向”）
2.Heisveryhelpfulandyoumayturntohimcforhelpwhenyouareintrouble.（turnto的含义是“求教于，求助于”）
Tryingout
1.阅读下列句子，根据上下问猜测划线单词的含义，然后查字典确认。
（1）Anotherthatisjustaseffectiveisflattery,givingsomeonehighpraise----tellinghimhowgoodhelooks,orhowwellhespeaks,orhowwiseheis.
（2）Heisfromawealthyfamilyandisabletoaffordveryexpensiveclothes.
（3）Heisaverymischievousboyandoftenmakestroubleinschool.
2.借助词典，把下列英语翻译成中文。
（1）Iturnedawayandlookedoutofthewindow.
（2）Don’tturnyoueangeronthechildren.
（3）Heturns20inJune.
（4）Sheturnsagainstheroldfriend.
（5）Whydidheturndownyourinvitation?
（6）Thejobturnedouttobeharderthanwethought.
（7）Heturnedhisbusinessovertohisdaughter.
（8）Hestoppedhiscar,tookoffhisseatbeltandcameout.
（9）Shewastakenonatrainee.
（10）Hetookoverthecompany.
（11）Thetabletakesuptoomuchroom.
（12）Fishtakesinoxygenthroughtheirgills.
3.把下列成语翻译成中文。
（1）takeFrenchleave
（2）astonyherat
（3）atone’sfingertips
（4）haveahandlikeafoot
（5）showone’scolor
（6）returngoodforevil
（7）shutone’seyesto
（8）takeblackintowhite
（9）turnadeafearto
（10）Hturnoveranewleaf
4.词汇练习。
（1）将左栏的单词或短语与右栏的解释配对。
①bribe
a.makesthsmoothandshinybyrubbingit
②polish
b.shoutloudlybecauseofangerorexcitementorinpain
③yell
c.saynicethingsaboutsbofteninawaythatisnotsincereinordertogetsthfromhim
④flatter
d.pretendyouhaven’tnoticedsthsoyoudon;thavetodealwithit
⑤shutone’seyestosth
e.asumofmoneyorsthvaluableyougivetosbtomakehimhelpyoudosthdishonest
（2）选择上面左栏的单词或短语的正确形式填入句子横线处。
①He_________atthechildtogetdownfromthewall.
②Areyoutryingto________me?
itisnoeasyjob.
③Heissaidtohavetaken_______whileinofficeandheisnowintrouble.
④Ican’t_______hismistake.
⑤Heoften_______hisglasseswithahankerchief.
3.Readingforculture
Thinkingout
DoyouthinkEnglishisfun?
Englishjokes,EnglishproverbsandEnglishriddlesenableustothinkdeeply.
Tryingout
1.Howdoyouunderstandthefollowingsentences?
PutthemintoChinese.
⑴Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.______________________________________________
⑵Earlytobed,earlytorisemakesapersonhelthy,welthyandwise._
_____________________________________________________
⑶Aclumsybirdhastostartflyingearly.______________________________________________
⑷Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.___________________________________________________
2.Canyouanswerthefollowingquetionsinacleverway?
⑴Whichmonthdosoldiershate?
_____________________________________________________
⑵Howmanyfeetarethereinayard?
__________________________________________________
⑶Howdoyoulikeyourschool?
_____________________________________________________
⑷Whattwowordscontainthousandsofletters?
_______________________________________
⑸What’sthelongestwordintheworld?
________________________________________________
⑹Towhomdoeseveryonealwyastakeoffhishat?
_______________________________________________________
英语音标指南
元音（20个）
单元音12个
前元音（4个）
[i:
]
[i]
[e]
[æ]
后元音（5个）
[ɑ:
]
[ɔ:
]
[ɔ]
[u:
]
[u]
中元音（3个）
[ʌ]
[ə:
]
[ə]
双元音8个
合口双元音（5个）
[ei]
[əu]
[ai]
[au]
[ɔi]
集中双元音（3个）
[iə]
[uə]
[ɛə]
辅音（28个）
清辅音（11个）
[p]
[t]
[k]
[f]
[s]
[θ]
[ʃ]
[tʃ]
[tr]
[ts]
[h]
浊辅音（17个）
[b]
[d]
[g]
[v]
[z]
[ð]
[ʒ]
[dʒ]
[dr]
[dz]
[l]
[m]
[n]
[ŋ]
[j]
[w]
[r]
一元音练习
1[]Ahesheseateafeelteacher
Bateamleader,threeweeks,greentreesneatandclean
CWeneedtocleantheseseats
Heseemedpleasedtomeetthesepeople
2[]Aifitsitkicksickpick
Bfinishitabigcityalittlepitysitstillbitbybit
CHevisitedsixbigcitiesthisspring
It’sapityDickmissedthetrip
3[]Agetletwetleftnecknext
Bgetreadysevendesksverywelllessandless
CAlliswellthatendswell
Thebedsinthetentareverywet
4[]Afatcathatbackhacklack
Bamadmanablackcanahappyfamilyafatcat
CDon’tletthecatoutofthebag
Hangyourcaponthestand
5[]Abarcarfarstarparkdark
Balargefarmabasketofgrassratherfasthalfpastfive
Chewholaughsbestlaughslast
Fromafar,thefarmslooklargerthantheyare
6[]ALawsawdrawtallfallcall
Bshortandtallbroadandsmallaquartertofourthefourthfloor
CDon’tpourthewateronthefloor
Pleasedrawaballwithachalkontheboard
7[]Ashoptopstopwhathotpot
Bahotpotacoffeeshopgotajobcostalot
CTheywashedthesocksontherocks
Hegotajobinthecoffeeshop
8[]Atoowhozoorootshootfruit
Babluemoonahugetombamusicschoolbootsorshoes
CWhodoyouthinkshootafilminamusicschool?
9[]Abooklookcookgoodwoodstood
Bagoodcooktookthebooktookthewoolpushthebull
CMrWoodlookslikeagoodcook
Thebushwasfullofgoodwood
10[]Abutmustjustsuchmuchtouch
Batoughsonaluckymotherafunnyuncleasuddenjump\
Cit’sfuntofunandjumpinthesun
Heruncle’ssonisyoungerthanherbrother
11[]Awerehersirhurtshirtfirst
Bthefirsttermanearlybirdadirtyshirtthethirdworld
Cfirstcome,firstserved
That’sthefirstwordI’veheardhersay
12[]Aaboutagoagain,agreeawayattend
Balongtheriveragreetoheropinion
afamouswriteraterriblepicture
CIwonder
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