英语专题13人物传记故事类三年高考英语试题分项版解析Word版.docx
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英语专题13人物传记故事类三年高考英语试题分项版解析Word版
2018年高考题
A【2018·浙江卷】
In1812,theyearCharlesDickenswasborn,therewere66novelspublishedinBritain.Peoplehadbeenwritingnovelsforacentury—mostexpertsdatethefirstnoveltoRobinsonCrusoein1719—
butnobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteam-poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracy（识字）rateinEnglandwasunder50%.Manyworksoffictionappearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors,oftenwithsomethinglike“Byalady.”Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoral,orjustplainbad.
In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadershipandwhosecharacters—fromOliverTwisttoTinyTim—wereheldupasmoraltouchstones.TodayDickens’greatnessisunchallenged.Removinghimfromthepantheon（名人堂）ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa.
HowdidDickensgettothetop?
Forallthefeelingsreadersattachtostories,literatureisanumbersgame,andthetestoftimeisextremelydifficulttopass.Some60,000novelswerepublishedduringtheVictorianage,from1837to1901;todayacasualreadermightbeabletonameahalf-dozenofthem.It’spartlytruethatDickens’styleofwritingattractedaudiences
fromallwalksoflife.It’spartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,politicalandscientificprogress.Butit’salsothatherewrotethecultureofliteratureandputhimselfatthecenter.Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssuchasingularwriter.Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.
21.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBritishnovelsinthe18thcentury?
A.Theyweredifficulttounderstand.
B.Theywerepopularamongtherich.
C.Theywereseenasnearlyworthless.
D.Theywerewrittenmostlybywomen.
22.DickensiscomparedwiththeMonaLisainthetexttostress________.
A.hisreputationinFrance
B.hisinterestinmodernart
C.hissuccessinpublication
D.hisimportanceinliterature
23.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?
A.Torememberagreatwriter.
B.TointroduceanEnglishnovel.
C.Toencouragestudiesonculture.
D.TopromotevaluesoftheVictorianage.
【答案】21.C22.D23.A
【解析】本文写于CharlesDickens诞辰200周年前夕，介绍了CharlesDickens在英国小说方面的重要贡献和深远影响。
22.推理判断题。
根据第二段Dickens’greatnessisunchallenged.和列举的CharlesDickens小说的影响可知，把他和MonaLisa相比是为了说明CharlesDickens在英国小说方面的重要性和MonaLisa在绘画方面的重要性是一样的，故选D。
23.写作意图题。
根据文中对CharlesDickens及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的描写，和文章最后Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.可知本文是写于CharlesDickens诞辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者写本文是为了纪念这位伟大的作家。
故选A。
【点睛】
推理判断题要求在理解表面文字的基础上，做出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含的意思和深层的意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息，上下逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。
本文推理判断题的考法：
1.推测文章的观点或结论。
小题1要求判断18世纪英国小说的现状，根据第一段对当时情况的描写nobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteam-poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracyrateinEnglandwasunder50%.Novels,werelookeduponassilly,immoral,orjustplainbad.可知当时印刷技术落后，人们识字率低，小说被认为是愚蠢的不正常的，毫无价值可言。
2.推测作者写作目的或意图。
小题3判断本文的写作目的，根据文中对CharlesDickens及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的描写，和文章最后Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.可知本文是写于CharlesDickens诞辰200周年前夕，由此推断作者写本文是为了纪念这位伟大的作家。
B【2018·天津卷】
WhenIwas17,IreadamagazinearticleaboutamuseumcalledtheMcNay,oncethehomeofawatercoloristnamedMarianMcNay.Shehadrequestedthecommunitytoturnitintoamuseumuponherdeath.OnasunnySaturday,SallyandIdroveovertothemuseum.Sheasked,"Doyouhavetheaddress?
""No,butI'llrecognizeit,therewasapictureinthemagazine."
"Oh,stop.Thereitis!
”
Themuseumwasfree.Weentered,excited.Agroupofpeoplesittinginthehallstoppedtalkingandstaredatus.
"MayIhelpyou?
"amanasked."No,"Isaid."We'refine.”Tourguidesgotonmynerves.Whatiftheytalkedalongtimeaboutapaintingyouweren'tthatinterestedin?
Sallyhadgoneupstairs.Thepeopleinthehallseemedverynosy（爱窥探的）,keepingtheireyesonmewithcuriosity.Whatwastheirproblem?
Isawsomenicesculpturesinoneroom.SuddenlyIsensedamanstandingbehindme."Wheredoyouthinkyouare?
"heasked.Iturnedsharply."TheMcNayArtMuseum!
"Hesmiled,shakinghishead."Sorry,theMcNayisonNewBraunfelsStreet.""What’sthisplace?
”Iasked,stillconfused."Well,it'sourhome."Myheartjolted（震颤）.Iracedtothestaircaseandcalledout,"Sally!
Comedownimmediately!
"
"There'ssomereallygoodstuff（艺术作品）upthere."Shesteppeddown,lookingconfused.Ipushedhertowardthefrontdoor,wavingatthefamily,saying,"Sorry,pleaseforgiveus,youhaveareallyniceplace."Outside,whenItoldSallywhathappened,shecoveredhermouth,laughing.Shecouldn'tbelievehowlongtheyletuslookaroundwithoutsayinganything.
TherealMcNaywassplendid,butwefeltnervousthewholetimewewerethere.VanGogh,Picasso.Thistime,westayedtogether,incaseanythingelseunusualhappened.
Thirtyyearslater,awomanapproachedmeinapublicplace."Excuseme,didyoueverenteraresidence,longago,thinkingitwastheMcNayMuseum?
"
"Yes.Buthowdoyouknow?
Wenevertoldanyone."
"Thatwasmyhome.Iwasateenagersittinginthehall.Beforeyoucameover,IneverrealizedwhatabeautifulplaceIlivedin.Ineverfeltluckybefore.Youthoughtitwasamuseum.Myfeelingsaboutmyhomechangedafterthat.I'vealwayswantedtothankyou."
41.WhatdoweknowaboutMarianMcNay?
A.Shewasapainter.
B.Shewasacommunityleader.
C.Shewasamuseumdirector.
D.Shewasajournalist.
42.Whydidtheauthorrefusethehelpfromthemaninthehouse?
A.Shedislikedpeoplewhowerenosy.
B.Shefeltnervouswhentalkingtostrangers.
C.Sheknewmoreaboutartthantheman.
D.Shemistookhimforatourguide.
43.Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutbeingstaredatbythepeopleinthehall?
A.Puzzled.B.Concerned.
C.Frightened.D.Delighted.
44.WhydidtheauthordescribetherealMcNaymuseuminjustafewwords?
A.Therealmuseumlackedenoughartworktointeresther.
B.Shewastooupsettospendmuchtimeattherealmuseum.
C.TheMcNaywasdisappointingcomparedwiththehouse.
D.Theeventhappeninginthehousewasmoresignificant.
45.Whatcouldwelearnfromthelastparagraph?
A.Peopleshouldhavegoodtastetoenjoylife.
B.Peopleshouldspendmoretimewiththeirfamily.
C.Peopletendtobeblindtothebeautyaroundthem.
D.Peopletendtoeducateteenagersatamuseum.
【答案】41.A42.D43.A44.D45.C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。
文章作者和朋友原想参观McNay博物馆，到了之后参观的时候，发现很多人奇怪的看着她，最后才发现自己误将一个私人住宅当成McNay博物馆。
30年后，一位女士认出误撞入自己住宅的作者，指出正是因为作者的误撞入才让她意识到自己住的地方有多么美丽。
41.细节理解题。
根据文章第一段WhenIwas17,IreadamagazinearticleaboutamuseumcalledtheMcNay,oncethehomeofawatercoloristnamedMarianMcNay.可知，MarianMcNay是一名水彩画家。
故选A。
42.细节理解题。
根据文章第四段"MayIhelpyou?
"amanasked."No,"Isaid."We'refine.”Tourguidesgotonmynerves.可知，导游令作者心烦，作者误认为屋子里的男人是位导游。
故选D。
43.推理判断题。
根据文章第四段Thepeopleinthehallseemedverynosy（爱窥探的）,keepingtheireyesonmewithcuriosity.Whatwastheirproblem?
（大厅的人看起来都非常爱窥探的，眼睛不停的好奇的看着我。
他们有什么问题？
）可以推断出，作者当时感到困惑不解。
故选A。
【点睛】本文是叙事性的文章，文章有一定的趣味性，整体难度中等，考查主要以细节理解和推理判断两类题型。
推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词句，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。
如小题3中考查作者被人盯着看的感受，我们需要找到文章中作者的措词nosy，curiosity和problem，可以推断出作者当时非常困惑不解的心理感受。
A【2018·北京卷】
MyFirstMarathon（马拉松）
Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.
Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,theteacherrequiredustorunlapsandthenhitasoftball.Ididn’tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas＂notathletic＂.
TheideathatIwas＂notathletic＂stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s,Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!
Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamtthatIcouldn’tevenfindthefinishline.Iwokeupsweatingandnervous,butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.
Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces（鞋带）becameuntied.SoIstoppedtoreadjust.NotthestartIwanted!
Atmile3,Ipassedasign:
＂GOFORIT,RUNNERS!
＂
Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despitethepain,Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthenrunningagain.
Bymile21,Iwasstarving!
AsIapproachedmile23,Icouldseemywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggestfan.Shenevermindedthealarmclocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.
Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!
AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.
Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels（世俗标签）,Icannowcallmyselfa＂marathonwinner＂.
36.Amonthbeforethemarathon,theauthor____________.
A.waswelltrainedB.feltscared
C.madeuphismindtorunD.losthope
37.WhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear?
A.Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher.
B.Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.
C.Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports.
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