新编英语教程第二册unit4分析解析.docx

新编英语教程第二册unit4分析解析.docx

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新编英语教程第二册unit4分析解析

Unit4

I.Lead-in

II．LanguageStructures

MainTeachingPoints

1.Therelativeclauseintroducedbywhen

e.g.12October1992wasthedaywhenColumbuslandedinAmerica.

2.Therelativeclauseintroducedbywhere

e.g.Akitchnetteisasmallroomwherepeoplecooktheirmeals.

3.Therelativeclauseprecededbytheway（inwhich）

e.g.Ilikethewayshespoke.

4.Therelativeclauseintroducedbywhy

e.g.Isthatthereasonwhywehavetestsandquizzesallthetime?

Languagenote

Theworddatemeansthestatementofthetime（day,month,year;one,two,orallthreeofthese）whensomethinghappenedoristohappen.

DialogueStudyDreams

A.BackgroundNotes

Psychoanalyticdreaminterpretation

PsychoanalyticdreaminterpretationisasubdivisionofdreaminterpretationaswellasasubdivisionofpsychoanalysispioneeredbySigmundFreudintheearlytwentiethcentury.Psychoanalyticdreaminterpretationistheprocessofexplainingthemeaningofthewaytheunconsciousthoughtsandemotionsareprocessedinthemindduringsleep.

Therehavebeenmultiplemethodsusedinpsychoanalyticdreaminterpretation,includingFreud'smethodofdreaminterpretation,thesymbolicmethod,andthedecodingmethod.TheFreudianmethodisthemostprominentlyusedinpsychoanalysisandhasbeenforthelastcentury.Psychoanalyticdreaminterpretationisusedmainlyfortherapeuticpurposesinavarietyofsettings.Althoughthesetheoriesareused,nonehavebeensolidlyprovenandmuchhasbeenleftopentodebateamongresearchers.Somestudieshaveshownthatareasofdreaminterpretationcanbeinvalidandthereforeadeclineinimportancehasbeenseeninpsychoanalyticdreaminterpretation.

B.LanguagePoints

1.startoffby:

Ifyoustartoffbydoingsth.,youdoitasthefirstpartofanactivity.

e.g.Iwanttostartoffbyapologizingfornothavingsubmitthereportearlier.

2.beofuse---beuseful

beofdifficult---bedifficulty

beofgreatimportance---beveryimportant

3.overandover---repeatedly,otherexpressionswiththesamemeaninginclude:

againandagain,overandoveragain,timeandagain,timeandtimeagain.

e.g.Thenewwordturnedupoverandoverinthearticle,whichmadeunderstandingdifficultforme.

4.recur:

v.happenagainorrepeatedly再发生，重现n.recurrence重现，反复；a.recurrent经常发生的，反复的

e.g.arecurringproblem/error/illness

recurtosb./sth.（想法/事情等）在头脑中重现

1）Thisisaproblemwhichwillconstantlyrecurandentailthesameconsequences.

2）Ourfirstencounteroftenrecurstomymind.

---occur:

v.happen,comeintobeing发生；exist,tobefound存在

e.g.1）Theexplosionoccurredat5:

30a.m.

2）Thiskindofdiseasemostlyoccurswhenthereisaconstantshortageofcleandrinkingwater.

3）Ithasneveroccurredtohimthathemightbefallinginlovewithher.

5.scenarion.writtenoutlineofafilm,play,etc.（电影、戏剧等的）脚本，剧情概要；aseriesofrelatedeventsthatformapattern一系列事件，事态发展局面

e.g.possible/likely/plausiblescenario可能发生的局面

worst-case/nightmarescenario最坏的局面，最糟糕的情形

1）Thescenariohasbeenremade20times.

2）Ourmotherlandwasoncedeeplyinvolvedinthescenarioofsufferingandloss.

6.approachv.comeneartosb./sth.接近，靠近；speaktosb.aboutsth.forthefirsttimefortheirsupportoropinion接洽，商量；dealwithortackleaproblem处理，应对

n.actofapproaching接近，靠近；way,path,road通路，道路；wayofdealingwithsth.方法，手段

e.g.1）Withexamweekapproaching,studentsarehavingtheirnoseinbooks.

2）Shehasalreadybeenapproachedbyseveralcompanies.

3）Awareoftheapproachofstrangers,dogsbegantobark.

4）Thetrackisintendedasanapproachtothepalace.

easy/difficultofapproach平易近人的/难以接近的

theapproachto处理的方法或态度，到达某处的通路

approachsb.aboutsth.与某人接洽，与某人商量

approachaproblem/task/matter处理问题/任务/事物

7.hencead.forthisreason因此

e.g.Thisbagishandmadeandhenceexpensive.

同意词：

consequently,hence,so,therefore,thereby,thus

C.Retelling

SampleOutlineforRetelling:

AinterviewsB,anexpertondreams,inaradioshow.Theystrikeupaconversationfocusingondreams.

1.AwelcomesandasksBtointroducethetopic.

2.BexplainstoAthedreamofdrivinginorfallinginwater.

3.Bcontinuestoexplaintherelationshipbetweenthedreamofdrivinginorfallinginwaterandworkstress.

4.BtellsAthereasonwhyonlyverystrangedreamscanberemembered.

ReadingⅠDaydreaming

A.Pre-readingactivity

Adaydreamisavisionaryfantasyexperiencedwhileawake,especiallyoneofhappy,pleasantthoughts,hopesorambitions.Now,pleasethinkaboutthefollowingquestionsbeforeyoureadthetext.

1.Inyouropinion,whydopeopledaydream?

2.Daydreamingwaslongheldindisreputeinsocietyandwasassociatedwithlaziness.Doyouthinkdaydreamingisgoodorbad?

Why?

3.Itissaidthatdaydreamingmayalsohelpustosortoutproblemsandachievesuccess.Canyouthinkofsomeotherpositiveeffectsofdaydreaming?

B.QuestionsonP48.

C.VocabularyonP48.

D.LanguagePoints

1.bud:

n.ayoungtightlyrolledflowerorleafbeforeitopens花蕾，萌芽v.producebuds发芽，萌芽

e.g.1）Thetreeshavealreadyputouttheirbudseverywhere.

2）Theflowersarewhiteinbudandbrightyellowwhenopen.

comeintobud发芽beinbud含苞待放

nipsth.inthebud将某物扼杀于萌芽状态

2.urgev.stronglysuggestsb.doingsth.催促，激励

n.astrongdesiretodosth.冲动

e.g.1）IurgedhimtotakeayearoffforatouraroundEurope.

2）Heurgedthatweshouldgo.

3）Thereporturgedamorepositiveroleforlocalgovernment.

4）Thechildhasastrongurgetocommunicatewithstrangers.

urgesb.todosth.催促、力劝某人做某事

urgethat…竭力主张

urgesb.on鼓励，激励

satisfyone’surge满足冲动

overcome/stifleone’surge克服/抑制某人的冲动

3.gaze:

v.looklongandsteadily凝视，注视

n.longsteadylook

e.g.1）ShegazedatmeindisbeliefwhenItoldherthenews.

2）Shefeltincreasinglyuncomfortableunderhissteadygaze.

gazeatsb./sth.凝视，盯着某人某物看

meetsb.’sgaze直视某人的目光

inthepublicgaze众目睽睽之下

辨析：

gape,gaze,glare,peep,peer,squint,stareonP68.

4.irresistiblea.toostrong,attractivetoberesisted不可抗拒的，无法抑制的

e.g.1）Theveryhighsalarymadethejobirresistible.

2）Beautyandcharmmadeherirresistibletomen.

irresistibletosb.对某人来说不可抗拒

anirresistibletemptation/urge/impulse无法抗拒的诱惑/无法抑制的冲动

同意词:

overwhelming势不可挡的，不可抗拒的

5.startlev.surpriseorfrightensb.orbyasuddenmovement使惊吓，使吓一跳

e.g.1）Thebirdswerestartledbythesoundofthegunfire.

2）IwasstartledtoseeheragainasIthoughtshehadbeenmissing.

bestartledbysb./sth.被…惊吓

6.moodn.stateofone’sfeelingormood心情，情绪；

wayagroupfeelsaboutsth.,atmosphere心态，气氛

e.g.1）Icannotkeepupwithherconstantlychangingmoods.

2）Thesuddenadventofthedark,rainyweathersetthemoodfortheperformingofthetragicstory.

inagood/badmood心情好/坏

inafoulmood心情极差

inaholiday/party/festivalmood度假/聚会/节庆心情

moodofconfidence/optimism/despair/gloom自信/乐观/失望/阴沉的心情

be/feelinthe/nomoodfor（doing）sth./tososth.有/无心情做某事

7.fantasyn.asituationwhichyouimaginehappeningbutisunlikelytohappenorunrelatedtoreality幻想，空想；productoftheimagination怪念头，白日梦

e.g.1）Shehadwovenafantasyaboutlivinginacottageinthedeepforest.

2）Mychildhoodfantasieswerefinallysatisfied.

haveafantasy/fantasiesaboutdoingsth.幻想做某事

aworldoffantasy幻想世界

fantastica.荒诞的，极好的

fantasizev.想象，幻想

8.survivev.continueorliveorexistdespitebeingnearlydestroyed幸存，残存；继续存在；remainaliveafter（sb.）比某人寿命长

e.g.1）Onlyonesurvivedofthe100peopleintheplanethatcrashedinthemountain.

2）Lifeishardatthemoment,butwe’resurviving.

3）Onlyafewtypesofreptilesurvivetodayfromtheperiodofthedinosaurs.

4）Theoldladyhassurvivedallherchildren.

surviveanaccident/earthquake/fire/shipwreck经历事故/地震/火灾/沉船等死里逃生

surviveonsth.依靠…生存/维系

survivor幸存者survival幸存，残存

9.torturen.anextremelyunpleasantorpainfulexperience折磨，痛苦；deliberatelyinflictingseverepainasapunishment拷问，拷打v.

e.g.1）WhatiscertainisthathiswayofhappinesswouldbetorturetoalmostanyWesternman.

2）ThisweekacollectionoftorturedevicesinMiddle-ageisdisplayedinthemuseum.

3）Iwastorturedbytoothacheforthewholenight.

10.deprivationn.thelackofsth.thatyouneedorwant贫困，匮乏，丧失

e.g.1）Thecriminalssufferfromdeprivationofpoliticalrights.

2）Sleepdeprivationcancausestress,lossofappetiteandotherhealthissues.

11.varyv.bedifferentinsize,amount,ordegree;change改变，变化；makechanges变更

e.g.1）Theresultoftheexperimentvariedgreatly.

2）Thesuitcasevaryinsizedependingonwhatyouwant.

3）Hermoodvariedfromoptimismtodepression.

4）You’dbettervaryyourdietoryouwillprobablybecomeoverweight.

varyinsth.在某方面不同

varywithsth.随…而改变

varyfromsth.tosth.从…变为…

varyconsiderably/dramatically/enormously/significantly/widely/wildly差异很大

varylittle/sightly/差异不大

varyingdegrees/levels/sizes/amounts不同的程度/水平/大小/数量

12.linkv.makeaconnectionbetweenpeopleorthings联系，连接n.personorthingthatconnectstwoothers关联，联系，纽带

e.g.1）Televisionstationsaroundthecountryarelinkedbysatellite.

2）Theselinkedproblemsmustbetackledatthesametime.

3）Thislectureisaboutnewtechnologyanditslinkwiththeunemploymentproblem.

linksth.to/withsth.

linksth.andsth.（together）将…与…联系起来，连接起来

linksth.up

linksbetween…and…两者之间的联系

commercial/cultural/diplomaticlinks商业/文化/外交往来

13.characterizev.describesb./sth.as将某人/某物的特点描述成…betypicalof,becharacteristicof表现…的典型，以..为特征

e.g.1）Historianscharacterizedtheperiodasthedecadeofrevolution.

2）Thisregionischaracterizedbyitsabundanceoffloraandfauna.

characterizesb./sth.assth.将某人/某物的特点描述成某物

becharacterized