届韩妙妙论文定稿.docx

届韩妙妙论文定稿.docx

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届韩妙妙论文定稿

铜仁学院

本科生毕业论文

题目奥巴马教育改革计划中的绩效工资政策对师资的影响

TheInfluenceofTeacherMeritPayinObama's EducationReformPlanoverTeacherQualification

系别外国语言文学系

专业英语

姓名韩妙妙

指导教师唐小辉

截稿日期2010年5月25日

Contents

Acknowledgements……………………………..…………........................................ⅰ

Abstract…………….……………………………………….......................................ⅱ

Ⅰ.Introduction…..........................................................................................................1

Ⅱ.TheBackgroundofObama’sEducationReformPolicy……………….....…........1

Ⅲ.PresentingMr.Obama’sEducationReformPolicy………………….………...….3

3.1RecallingGeorgeBush’sEducationPolicy…………………………....….….4

3.2Mr.Obama’sEducationPolicy………………………….…………….......…4

3.2.1EarlyEducation………………………………………………………...4

3.2.2K-12………………………………………………………………….....5

3.2.3ReducingStudentDropoutRates…………………………………...….5

3.2.4RestoringAmerica’sLeadershipinHigherEducation…………………5

3.2.5TeachersAffairs………………………………………………………...5

3.3AnalysisoftheCharacteristicsoftheMr.Obama’sEducationPolicy.............6

Ⅳ.PresentingtheTeacherMeritPay……………………………………………...…..6

4.1TheImprovementoftheTeacherMeritPay…………………...…..……...….6

4.2SuccessfulCasesontheTeacherMeritPay……………………………….…8

4.3TheInfluenceofTeacherMeritPayonTeacherQualification……………...8

4.4StudyingTexas’stwoTeacherMeritPayPrograms………………..............…9

4.5SomeOpinionsandStrategiesabouttheTeacherMeritPay…………….....11

4.5.1ImprovetheInvestmentinEducationFundingandAccountabilityMechanismsforMonitoringMechanisms………………..…………..11

4.5.2ToEstablishaFairandEffectivePerformanceAppraisalSystemforTeachers………………………………………………………..…..…11

4.5.3DeterminetheScientificandRationalWageStructureforTeachers………………………………………………………….....12

Ⅴ.Conclusion……………………………………………………..............….…......12

References…………………………………..………………………………..……….

Acknowledgements

Imustshowmysincerethankstothosewhoofferedmealargenumberofhelpduringthecourseofmyresearch.

First,ImustshowmythankstomysupervisorMr.Tangwhoseencouragement,enthusiasticinstruction,valuableadvicehaveahugeinfluenceonmyresearch,whichhavegreatlycontributedtothecompletionofmythesis.

Second,IamalsogratefultothoseChineseandforeigntranslators,suchasZhouHongxia,Qianlei,GuoYuguiandsoon.FromwhoIgotplentyofabundantandusefulreferentialmaterials,withoutthemIcouldn’tcompletemyresearchsmoothly.

Finally,Ialsogivemythankstomydearteachersandclassmateswhoseencouragementsgreatlysupportmeandmeleadtosuccess.Thanksalotagain.

TheInfluenceofTeacherMeritPayinObama’sEducationReformPlanoverTeacherQualification

AbstractMarch10,2009,presidentObamahadaspeechonLatin-American

ChamberOfCommerce,puttingforwardtheeducationpolicytorespondseriousfinancialcrisis.Teachermeritpayaimstoformpromotingeffectofteachersinprofessionalactivitiesintheprocessofshowingpositivebehaviorofresults,whichisanaccordwiththeeducationreformsthatemphasizequalityandefficiencyrecentlyintheUnitedStates.Teachermeritpayisanadventurousreforminteachermanagementaswellasafurtherreforminbasiceducation

KeywordsObamaEducationpolicyTeachermeritpay

摘要2009年3月10日，美国总统奥巴马在拉美峰会上提出了教育改革政策来应

对严重的金融危机，它旨在通过工资和奖励制度，形成近年来美国教育改革政策

中，注重质量和效率优先的扶优罚劣的教学激励机制。

这既是美国基础教育和教

师管理的深化，同时也是教师管理机制的一次大改革。

关键词奥巴马教育政策教师绩效工资

Ⅰ.Introduction

Mostofthebooksandarticlestendtoconcentrateonacertainaspectoftheissue. LiShuishan focusesonhisargumentthatcomparesthecontentofObama’seducationpolicywith     internationaleducation policy,thensummarizesomestrategiestodevelopChina'seducation.  Dai WeiFendiscussesthatObama’seducationidea  ,butpointsouttheUnitedStateswillface greateducationalproblemthatinvest education.FengHongXiafocusesonObama's   educationreformplanandtalkabout thepolicy's significance.CarolynKelleyandAllanOddensummarizedtheteachercompensationsystem,andtheimprovementoftheteachermeritpay.AccordingtoMr.Obama’seducationpolicy,MichaelJanofskyputsforwardseveralopinionsaboutidealsofAmerica.ThefirstofAmericaisthatasmanypeopleaspossibleshouldhaveassesstoasmucheducationastheywant.ThisidealisanoutcomeoftheAmerica’sassertionsaboutequalityamongpeople.Thesecondidealisthatofproducingasocietythatistotallyliterateandoflocalcontrol.Thethirdidealisaboutthebasicnatureofknowledgeandlearning.Meanwhile,JoshuaH.BamettsaidthatalthoughtheUnitedStateshasahighlydevelopededucationalsystem,italsohasmanyproblems.Themostseriousproblemsarepooreducationalquality,lackofequalopportunityforeducation,aswellasschoolviolence.Allthebooksandarticlesgiveanin-depthresearchonaspecificground.Thearticleaimstofindtheteachermeritpayhowtoinfluencetheteacherqualificationandshowtheauthor’sopiniononteachermeritpaytoanalyzethecharacteristicsofperformancewageitself.

Ⅱ.TheBackgroundofObama’sEducationReformPolicy

Onnov4,2008,ObamabecamethepresidentoftheUnitedStates.HewasthefirstblackpresidentintheUSA.Afterhisinaugural,somepeoplecomparedBarackObamatoagreatpresidentMr.Lincoln.Mr.Obamasays,hewouldtakenewlookingtotheUnitedStates.ButAmericasocietyfacedseriousfinancialcrisis,highunemployment,bigcorporationandIraqWarandsoon,soitisnecessarytomakesamemeasurestosolvethoseproblems.Obamapointedoutsamestrategies;oneofthestrategiesiseducationreformplan.Preparingourchildrentocompeteintheglobaleconomyisoneofthemosturgentchallengesweface.wewillpreparethenextgenerationforsuccessincollege,ensuringthatAmericachildrenleadtheworldonceagainincreativityandachievement.

March10,2009,presidentObamahadaspeechonLatin-AmericanChamberOfCommerce.TheUnitedStatescannotputupwithwaitingthestudents’achievementhadgraduallydeclinedasMr.Obamalamented,fourth–gradereadersinMississippicanscore70pointsworsethantheirpeersinWorming.TheFordhamInstitute,athink-tankmeasuredthesame18primaryschoolbydifferentstates’benchmarks.InrigorousMassachusetts,onlyonepassedmaster

InsloppyWisconsin,Mr.ObamaalsocorrectlyindentifiedanotherproblemthatmostAmericanpublicschoolsareprettygood,asignificantminorityareatrocious.Ofcourse,notingthatamere2000highschoolsproducemorethanhalfalldropouts.Dysfunctionalschoolsareconcentratedintherougherpartsofcities,suchasDetroitandLosAngelesandsoon.

TheUnitedStates,anationthathasalwaysledthewayininnovationisnowbeingoutpacedinmathandscienceeducation.Americansworryaboutinthepubliceducationsystem,manycollegeadministratorsandbusinessexecutivescomplainthatsomehighschoolsneedremedialcoursesintheso-calledthreeR’s:

reading,writingandarithmetic.Arecentstudyindicatesthatamongtoday’shighschoolgraduates,thereisanoticeablelackofreadingskill.About30%-50%ofstudentsenteringjuniorcollegeneedhelpinreadingskills.TheAmericaeducationsystemcanbehazardous;theteacherqualificationcannotkeepwithothercountries.

PresidentObama’seducationpolicywillgothough“fromcradletocareer”toensureallAmericanreceiveacomprehensiveeducationinthevagariesoftheglobaleconomicsituation.（郑颖,2009:

56）Hiseducationpolicyconsistsofthefollowingaspects:

fromearlyeducationtohighschool,fromtheindividualachievementtothecountries’competition.ToInheritandimprovesuccessfuleducationpolicyofex-presidentBushandthenincreasefundingassistanceforunder-graduate,enlargeeducationalinvestmentandcultivatinghighqualityteachingstaff.（范悦,2008:

32）

Whileeducationspendinghasincreasedgreatlyfromwhatithadbeeninthemiddleofthecentury,proficiencyincoresubjecthasdroppedasanabysmaleighteenpercentoffourthgradersareprojectinhistory,30%areproficientinscience,30%areproficientinmath,andjust31%areproficientinreading.

ThedeclineineducationappearstobeworseasthegradelevelgetshigherwithhigheraverageSATscoresdroppingfromover540in1964tobelow510todaydespitespendingperstudenthavingrisenfromunder$3000peryeartomorethan$8000peryear.

Othercountries,eventhirdworldcountries,areaheadoftheUnitedStatesinworldrankingasinasurveyof21countriesthatincludedeveryonefromSpaintoHungarytoJordanhadtheUnitedStatesplacefifteenthoverall.（Bailey,2009:

74）

Aftergraduatinghighschool,allAmericansshouldbepreparedtoattendatleastoneyearofjobtrainingorhighereducationtobetterequipourteacherqualificationforthe21stcentury.Wewillcontinuetomakehighereducationmoreaffordable.

EducationhasalwaysbeenagreatconcernforAmericans.ThenationalgoalofeducationintheUnitedStatestodayistoachieveuniversityliteracyandprovideindividualswitheducationalopportunities.AmericabelievethateducationcancreateacommonboundamongthediversegroupsthatmakeuptheAmericapopulationandhelppreservesocialstability.EducationinAmericaisregardedasbothanindividualbenefitandasocialnecessity.ItisageneralviewthateveryAmericanhasrightandobligationeducated.Americabelievesthat,thougheducation,anindividualacquiresknowledge,skillandabilitieswhichwillenablethemtofitintosocietyandimprovetheirsocialstatus.Americansholdtheviewthatthefutureofthenationdependsla