网络化制造技术的研究.docx

网络化制造技术的研究.docx

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网络化制造技术的研究

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InternationalJournalofOperations&ProductionManagement

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0144-3577

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1980

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OperationsandLogisticsManagement

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Manufacturingnetworkevolution:

amanufacturingplantperspective

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DOI（PermanentURL）:

10.1108/01443571111187466

Articlecitation:

YangCheng,SamiFarooq,JohnJohansen,（2011）"Manufacturingnetworkevolution:

amanufacturingplantperspective",InternationalJournalofOperations&ProductionManagement,Vol.31Iss:

12,pp.1311-1331

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TheAuthors

YangCheng,CenterforIndustrialProduction,AalborgUniversity,Aalborg,Denmark

SamiFarooq,CenterforIndustrialProduction,AalborgUniversity,Aalborg,Denmark

JohnJohansen,CenterforIndustrialProduction,AalborgUniversity,Aalborg,Denmark

Acknowledgements

TheauthorswouldliketothankProfessorHarryBoerofAalborgUniversity,Denmark,forhiscommentsonandsuggestionsforimprovingapreviousversionofthisarticle.

Abstract

Purpose–Thepurposeofthispaperistoexaminetheeffectofchangesatthemanufacturingplantlevelonotherplantsinthemanufacturingnetworkandalsoinvestigatetheroleofmanufacturingplantsontheevolutionofamanufacturingnetwork.

Design/methodology/approach–Theresearchquestionsaredevelopedbyidentifyingthegapsinthereviewedliterature.ThepaperisbasedonthreecasestudiesundertakeninDanishmanufacturingcompaniestoexploreindetailtheirmanufacturingplantsandnetworks.Thecasesprovideasoundbasisfordevelopingtheresearchquestionsandexplainingtheinteractionbetweendifferentmanufacturingplantsinthenetworkandtheirimpactonnetworktransformation.

Findings–Thepaperhighlightsthedominantroleofmanufacturingplantsinthecontinuouslychangingshapeofamanufacturingnetwork.Thepaperdemonstratesthataproductorprocesschangeatonemanufacturingplantaffectstheotherplantsinthesamenetworkbyalteringtheirstrategicroles,whichleadstothesubsequenttransformationofthemanufacturingnetwork.

Originality/value–Areviewoftheexistingliteratureinvestigateddifferentelementsofamanufacturingnetworkindependently.Inthispaper,thecomplexphenomenonofamanufacturingnetworkevolutionisobservedbycombiningtheanalysisofamanufacturingplantandnetworklevel.Thehistoricaltrajectoriesofmanufacturingnetworksthatarepresentedinthecasestudiesareexaminedinordertounderstandanddeterminethefutureshapeofthenetworks.Thisstudywillhelpindustrialmanagersmakemoreknowledgeabledecisionsregardingmanufacturingnetworkmanagement.

ArticleType:

Researchpaper

Keyword（s）:

Denmark;Manufacturingindustries;Operationsmanagement;Manufacturingnetwork;Manufacturingplant;Globaloperationsmanagement.

Journal:

InternationalJournalofOperations&ProductionManagement

Volume:

31

Number:

12

Year:

2011

pp:

1311-1331

Copyright©

EmeraldGroupPublishingLimited

ISSN:

0144-3577

1Introduction

Sincethelate1980s,manufacturinghasbecomemoreinternationalbecauseitisthesinglelargesttypeofforeigndirectinvestmentinmostcountries（Yip,1989;Kogut,1990;Ferdows,1997a）.Infact,astradebarriersfell,transportationbecameeasier,andcommunicationtechnologiesimproved,manufacturersbenefitedfromtheadvantagesofchoosingglobalisation（Ferdows,1997a;GhoshalandBartlett,1990）.Therefore,duringthelast20years,multinationalcorporationshaveattemptedtoglobalisetheirgeographicallydispersedplantsbycoordinatingthemwithasynergeticnetwork（Ferdows,1997a,b;ShiandGregory,1998）.Thisintegrationhasresultedinarapidchangeinmanufacturingsystemconcepts,whichhavemovedfromafocusontheplantfocustooneoninternationalmanufacturingnetworks（Ferdows,1989;RudbergandOlhager,2003）.Accordingly,thisshifthashadaconsiderableimpactonacompany'sfutureperformanceandprofitability.Thus,managinganintegratedinternationalnetworkhasbecomeanincreasinglyimportanttaskformanufacturingcompanies（BartlettandGhoshal,1989;Hayter,1997）.

Nevertheless,intheexpansionfromanindividualplanttoaninternationalmanufacturingnetwork,manyconstructsneedtobetakenintoconsideration,whichmakesanalysingandmanagingthenetworkacomplextask.Therefore,itisessentialtounderstandboththenetworktransformationandtherelationalinteractionsamongthedifferentnetworkconstructs.Inmostcases,theglobalpositioningofmanufacturingorganisationsintermsofestablishinganewfacility,relocatingorclosingaproductionfacilityhasresultedinanextendednetworkorformulationofanewnetworkthathasleftbehindafootprintthatcanbeevaluated.Thishistoricaltraceprovidesanopportunitytodevelopabetterunderstandingoftheevolutionanddevelopmentofamanufacturingnetworkanditsconstituentnetworkconstructs.Thefuturedecision-makingcapacityofamanufacturingcompanycanbegreatlyimprovedbylearninghistoricallessonsfromthewell-tracedfootprintofaconstantlyevolvingmanufacturingnetwork.

Accordingtovariousresearchers,amanufacturingnetworkisanaggregationofplantslocatedindifferentplaces（Ferdows,1989;RudbergandOlhager,2003）.Thus,theplantmaybeviewedasthebasicconstructinamanufacturingnetwork.Inthispaper,wefocusonplantsinthecontextofthemanufacturingnetworkandattempttounderstandtheinteractiverelationshipbetweentheevolutionsofplantsandtheentirenetwork.Weconsideraplanttobetheintegralpartofamanufacturingnetworkandassumethatwheneverpartofanetworkchanges,itisunlikelytohappeninisolation;instead,ithasimplicationsfortheentirenetwork.

Thispaperisstructuredasfollows.Theliteraturereviewfirstinvestigatesexistingstudiesthathaveexaminedrelationshipsbetweenplantsandmanufacturingnetworksandthenhighlightsthegapintheoryandpractice.Withtheaimofbridgingthisgap,theresearchquestionisthenformulated.Aftersomemethodologicalconsiderations,industrialcasesofthreeDanishmanufacturingcompaniesarepresented.Thesethreecasesillustratetheevolutionofmanufacturingplantsandglobalmanufacturingnetworksfromahistoricalperspectiveandareanalysedindetail.Theessentialnatureoftheinteractiverelationshipbetweentheevolutionofamanufacturingnetworkanditsplantsisdescribedandfurtherelaboratedbyaprocessmap.Weconcludethispaperwithsuggestionsforthemanagementofmanufacturingnetworksandpossibledirectionsoffutureresearch.

2Literaturereview

2.1Literatureonthemanufacturingplantlevel

Duringthelate1970sandtheearly1980s,morescholarsnoticedtheneedtomanagenotonlythesingleplantbutalsomulti-plantorganisations.However,researchduringthisperiodwasmainlyconcernedwithlocationdecisions（ShiandGregory,1998;MeijboomandVoordijk,2003）.Eachplantwastreatedasaseparatesinglefacilityandnetworkingissueswereignored（Schmenner,1982）.Atthattime,plantlocationdecisionmakingreferredmerelytotheselectionofasiteforanewplant.Forsomeplants,thechoicewasstraightforward,involvingonlytheselectionoftheleastcostlysite（Schmenner,1979）.However,morerecentresearcharguedthatcostevaluationdoesnotrevealthecompletestory.Furthermore,itsometimesdoesnotshowdifferencesthataresignificantenoughtomakealocationchoicestrictlyonitsmerit.Researchersandmanagersshouldthereforelookbeyondtheobviousinplantlocation.

Becauseplantsareexpectedtocontributemorethanlowercoststocompanies,theyarerecognisedasbeingcapableofplayingdifferentrolesinmanufacturingnetworks（Ferdows,1989,1997b）.AlthoughtheconceptofplantroleswasfirstintroducedbyFerdows（1989,1997b）,discussionsonplantrolesgenerallybeganwiththerolesofsubsidiariesinmultinationals.Theliteratureoninternationalstrategyprovidesseveraltaxonomiesdescribingthestrategicrolesofthesesubsidiaries（BartlettandGhoshal,1989;RothandMorrison,1992;GhoshalandNohria,1993;Taggart,1998）,givingrichinsightsintothedistinctstrategicrolessubsidiariesmayplayinmultinationals.Ferdows（1989,1997b）translatedthestrategicclassificationsofsubsidiariesintothemanufacturingclassificationofplants.Hismodeldistinguishesplantsonthebasisofplantcompetencesandlocationadvantages,andidentifiessixtypesofplants,whichhelabelsoffshore,source,server,contributor,outpost,andleadplant.Ferdows'smodelgainedacademicrecognitionandmanyresearchershavetakenitasapointofdeparturefortheirresearch（VereeckeandVanDierdonck,2002;FuscoandSpring,2003;MeijboomandVoordijk,2003;MeijboomandVos,2004;Maritanetal.,2004）.Forexample,VereeckeandVanDierdonck（2002）discussedandtestedthismodel.Theirdatashowedthattheroleofthecentreofexcellenceinamanufacturingnetworkisnotrestrictedtoplantswithknow-howastheprimarylocationadvantage,butisacommonroleofplantswithmarketproximityastheprimaryadvantage.Theyalsoprovedthatthemodelisuseful