全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二试题校对版.docx

全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二试题校对版.docx

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全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二试题校对版

2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试

英语

（二）

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.（10points） 

Beingagoodparentiswhateveryparentwouldliketobe.Butdefiningwhatitmeanstobeagoodparentisundoubtedlyvery1,particularlysincechildrenresponddifferentlytothesamestyleofparenting.Acalm,rule-followingchildmightrespondbettertoadifferentsortofparentingthan, 2  ,ayoungerone. 

 3  ,there'sanothersortofparentthat'seasierto 4  :

apatientparent.Childrenofeveryagebenefitfrompatientparenting.Still, 5  everyparentwouldliketobepatient,thisisnoeasy 6  .Sometimes,parentsgetexhaustedandareunabletomaintaina 7  stylewiththeirkids.Iunderstandthis. 

You'reonlyhuman,andsometimesyourkidscan 8  youjustalittletoofar.Andthenthe 9  happens:

Youloseyourpatienceandeitherscreamatyourkidsorsaysomethingthatwastoo 10  anddoesnobodyanygood.Youwishthatyoucould 11  theclockandstartover.We'veallbeenthere. 

 12  ,eventhoughit'scommon,it'svitaltokeepinmindthatinasinglemomentoffatigue,youcansaysomethingtoyourchildthatyoumay 13  foralongtime.Thismaynotonlydodamagetoyourrelationshipwithyourchildbutalso  14  yourchild'sself-esteem. 

Ifyouconsistentlyloseyour 15  withyourkids,thenyouaremodelingalackofemotionalcontrolforyourkids.Weareallbecomingincreasinglyawareofthe  16  ofmodelingpatiencefortheyoungergeneration.Thisisaskillthatwillhelpthemallthroughoutlife.Infact,theabilitytomaintainemotionalcontrolwhen 17  bystressisoneofthemostsignificantofalllife’sskills. 

Certainly,it's 18  tomaintainpatienceatalltimeswithyourkids.Amorepracticalgoalistotrytobeascalmasyoucanwhenfacedwith 19  situationsinvolvingyourchildren.Icanpromiseyouthis:

Asaresultofworkingtowardthisgoal,youandyourchildrenwillbenefitand  20  fromstressfulmomentsfeelingbetterphysicallyandemotionally. 

l.A.pleasantB.trickyC.tediousD.instructive 

2.A.atonceB.inadditionC.forexampleD.byaccident 

3.A.FortunatelyB.OccasionallyC.AccordinglyD.Eventually 

4.A.amuseB.trainC.assistD.describe 

5.A.onceB.becauseC.unlessD.while 

6.A.choiceB.answerC.taskD.access 

7.A.formalB.tolerantC.rigidD.critical 

8.A.moveB.sendC.dragD.push 

9.A.inevitableB.illogicalC.mysteriousD.suspicious 

10.A.boringB.harshC.naiveD.vague 

11.A.turnbackB.takeapartC.setasideD.coverup 

12.A.OverallB.InsteadC.OtherwiseD.However 

13.A.believeB.regretC.missD.like 

14.A.justifyB.raiseC.affectD.reflect 

15.A.bondB.timeC.raceD.cool 

16.A.natureB.secretC.contextD.importance 

17.A.confrontedB.defeatedC.cheatedD.confused 

18.A.strangeB.terribleC.hardD.wrong 

19.A.excitingB.tryingC.surprisingD.changing 

20.A.withdrawB.hideC.emergeD.escape

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Text1

Ratsandotheranimalsneedtobehighlyattunedtosocialsignalsfromotherssotheycanidentifyfriendstocooperatewithandenemiestoavoid.Tofindoutifthisextendstonon-livingbeings,LalehQuinnattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,andhercolleaguestestedwhetherratscandetectsocialsignalsfromroboticrats. 

Theyhousedeightadultratswithtwotypesofroboticrat---onesocialandoneasocial---forfourdays. Therobotratswerequiteminimalist,resemblingachunkierversionofacomputermousewithwheelstomovearoundandcolorfulmarkings. 

Duringtheexperiment,thesocialrobotratfollowedthelivingratsaround,playedwiththesametoys,andopenedcagedoorstolettrappedratsescape.Meanwhile,theasocialrobotsimplymovedforwardsandbackwardsandsidetoside. 

Next,theresearcherstrappedtherobotsincagesandgavetheratstheopportunitytoreleasethembypressingalever.Across18trialseach,thelivingratswere52percentmorelikelyonaveragetosetthesocialrobotfreethantheasocialone.Thissuggeststhattheratsperceivedthesocialrobotasagenuinesocialbeing.Theymayhavebondedmorewiththesocialrobotbecauseitdisplayedbehaviorslikecommunalexploringandplaying.Thiscouldleadtotheratsbetterrememberinghavingfreeditearlier,andwantingtherobottoreturnthefavourwhentheygettrapped,saysQuinn. 

"Ratshavebeenshowntoengageinmultipleformsofreciprocalhelpandcooperation,includingwhatisreferredtoasdirectreciprocity---wherearatwillhelpanotherratthathaspreviouslyhelpedthem,"saysQuinn.

Thereadinessoftheratstobefriendthesocialrobotwassurprisinggivenitsminimaldesign.Therobotwasthesamesizeasaregularratbutresembledasimpleplasticboxonwheels."We'dassumedwe'dhavetogiveitamovingheadandtail,facialfeatures,andputascentonittomakeitsmelllikearealrat,butthatwasn'tnecessary,"saysJanetWilesattheUniversityofQueenslandinAustralia,whohelpedwiththeresearch. 

Thefindingshowshowsensitiveratsarctosocialcues,evenwhentheycomefrombasicrobots.Similarly,childrentendtotreatrobotsasiftheyarefellowbeings,evenwhentheydisplayonlysimplesocialsignals."Wehumansseemtobefascinatedbyrobots,anditturnsoutotheranimalsaretoo,"saysWiles. 

21.Quinnandhercolleaguesconductedatesttoseeifratscan. 

A.pickupsocialsignalsfromnon-livingrats 

B.distinguishafriendlyratfromahostileone 

C.attainsociabletraitsthroughspecialtraining 

D.sendoutwarningmessagestotheirfellow 

22.Whatdidtheasocialrobotdoduringtheexperiment?

A.Itfollowedthesocialrobot. 

B.Itplayedwithsometoys. 

C.Itsetthetrappedratsfree. 

D.Itmovedaroundalone. 

23.AccordingtoQuinn,theratsreleasedthesocialrobotbecausethey. 

A.triedtopracticeameansofescape 

B.expectedittodothesameinreturn 

C.wantedtodisplaytheirintelligence 

D.consideredthataninterestinggame 

24.JamesWilesnotesthatrats. 

A.canrememberotherrats'facialfeatures 

B.differentiatesmellsbetterthansizes 

C.respondmoretoactionsthantolooks 

D.canbescaredbyaplasticboxonwheels 

25.Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthatrats. 

A.appeartobeadaptabletonewsurroundings 

B.arcmoresociallyactivethanotheranimals 

C.behavedifferentlyfromchildreninsocializing 

D.aremoresensitivetosocialcuesthanexpected 

Text2

ItistruethatCEOpayhasgoneup---toponesmaymake300timesthepayoftypicalworkersonaverage,andsincethemid-1970s,CEOpayforlargepubliclytradedAmericancorporationshas,byvaryingestimates,goneupbyabout500%.ThetypicalCEOofatopAmericancorporationnowmakesabout$18.9millionayear. 

ThebestmodelforunderstandingthegrowthofCEOpayisthatoflimitedCEOtalentinaworldwherebusinessopportunitiesforthetopfirmsaregrowingrapidly.TheeffortsofAmerica'shighest-earning1%havebeenoneofthemoredynamicelementsoftheglobaleconomy.It’snotpopulartosay,butonereasontheirpayhasgoneupsomuchisthatCEOsreallyhaveuppedtheirgamerelativetomanyotherworkersintheU.S.economy. 

Today’sCEO,atleastformajorAmericanfirms,musthavemanymoreskillsthansimplybeingableto"runthecompany”.CEOsmusthaveagoodsenseoffinancialmarketsandmaybeevenhowthecompanyshouldtradeinthem.Theyalsoneedbetterpublicrelationsskillsthantheirpredecessors,asthecostsofevenaminorslipupcanbesignificant.Thenthere'sthefactthatlargeAmericancompaniesaremuchmoreglobalizedthaneverbefore,withsupplychainsspreadacrossalargernumberofcountries.Toleadinthatsystemrequiresknowledgethatisfairlymind-boggling.Plus,virtuallyallmajorAmericancompaniesarebecomingtechcompanies,oftenwiththeirownresearchanddevelopment.Andbeyondthis,majorCEOsstillhavetodoalltheday-to-dayworktheyhavealwaysdone. 

ThecommonideathathighCEOpayismainlyaboutrippingpeopleoffdoesn'texplainhistoryverywell.Bymostmeasures,corporategovernancehasbecomealottighterandmorerigoroussincethe1970s.YetitisprincipallyduringthisperiodofstrongergovernancethatCEOpayhasbeenhighandrising.Thatsuggestsitisinthebroadercorporateinteresttorecruittopcandidatesforincreasinglytoughjobs.

Furthermore,thehighestCEOsalariesarepaidtooutsidecandidates,nottothecozyinsiderpicks,anothersignthathighCEOpayisnotsomekindofdepredationattheexpenseoftherestofthecompany.AndthestockmarketreactspositivelywhencompaniestieCEOpayto,say,stockprices,asignthatthosepracticesbuildupcorporatevaluenotjustfortheCEO. 

26.WhichofthefollowinghascontributedtoCEOpayrise?

A.Closecooperationamongleadingeconomies 

D.Thegrowthinthenumberofcorporations 

C.Thegeneralpayrisewithabettereconomy 

D.Increasedbusinessopportunitiesfortopfirms 

27.Comparedwiththeirpredecessors,today’sCEOsarerequiredto. 

A.operatemoreglobalizedcompanies 

B.financemoreresearchanddevelopment

C.establishclosertieswithtechcompanies

D.fosterastrongersenseofteamwork

28.CEOpayhasbeenrisingsincethe1970s