理工职称英语真题及答案.docx

理工职称英语真题及答案.docx

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理工职称英语真题及答案

第1部分：

词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）

　　下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1　Whycan'tyoustopyoureternalcomplaining?

A　longBeverlastingC　temporaryDboring

2　Hundredsofbuildingswerewreckedbytheearthquake.

A　damagedBshakenC　fallenDjumped

3　Thesepaintingsareconsideredbymanytobeauthentic.

A　faithfulBroyalC　sincereDgenuine

4　Manyeconomistshavegivenintothefatallureofmathematics.

A　simplicityB,attractionC　powerDrigor

5　Tenyearsaftertheevent,herdeathstillremainsapuzzle.

A　mistBfogC　secretDmystery

6　Johnwasirritatedbythenecessityforpoliteconversation,

A　troubledBannoyedC　threatenedDaroused

7　Academicrecordscannotbeduplicated.

A　borrowedBpurchasedC　copiedDrewritten

8　Theemphasisontheimportanceofeducationhasspurredscientificresearch

A　encouragedBfastenedCraised　　Dinitiated

9　Wehaveamplemoneyforthejourney

A　someBlittleC　enoughDextra

10Thedoctor'spillsworkedmarvelsforme.

A　miraclesBpatientsC　illnessDrecovery

11Mary'sperpetualmoaningnearlydrovememad.

A　endlessBmonotonousC　seriousDbitter

12Itwashardtosaywhythemandeservedsuchshabbytreatment

A　oldBunforgettableC　unfairDfunny

13Youdidn'tadheretotheseprinciples.

A　orderBfollowC　proveDhandle

14Thefarmersalsowanttousethewatertoirrigatethebarrenland.

A　emptyBhairlessC　smoothDbare

15Anyonewhowantstoapplyforaloanneedreadthefollowingspecifications.

A　expressionsBwarningsC　advertisementsDinstructions

第2部分：

阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）

　　下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：

如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

Water-theIssueofThisCentury

Theworldisrunningshortoffreshwater.Populationsaregrowingbiggerand

Thirstier（渴的）,withtheresultthatfreshwaterisbecomingincreasinglyscarce（缺乏）.Halftheworld'swetlandshavedisappearedduringthelastcentury,whileestimatessuggestthatwaterusewillriseby50%inthenext30years.

TheWorldBankreportestimatesthatasmuchashalfoftheworld'spopulation,concentratedinAfrica,theMiddleEastandsouthAsia,willface'severewatershortages'by2025.Localwaterconflictsandthelossoffreshwaterecosystemsappearlargeinsomeregions.

Asimilarpictureemergesfromtheglobe'ssaltwaterregions.Three-quartersoftheworld'speoplemaylivewithin100kmoftheseain2025,puttingevenmorepressureonstretchedcoastalecosystems.Twothirdsoffisheries（渔业）areexploitedatorbeyondtheirsustainablelimits,andhalftheworld'scoralreefs（珊瑚礁）mayperishin100years.Almost60%ofcoralreefsand34%offishspeciesareatriskfromhumanactivities,theBanksays.

Thereportconcludesthatthereisampleevidencetojustifyimmediateandcoordinatedactiontosafeguardsuppliesandusewatermoreefficiently.

Freshwaterconsumptionisrisingquickly,andtheavailabilityofwaterinsomeregionsislikelytobecomeoneofthemostpressingissuesofthe21stcentury.

Athirdoftheworld'spopulation-aroundtwobillionpeople-liveincountriesthatareexperiencingmoderatetohighwatershortages.Thatproportioncouldrisetohalformoreinthenext30yearsunlessinstitutions（制度）changetoensurebetterconservationandallocationofwater.

Chinaisonecountrywheretheportents（征兆）aregloomy.Themostwater-stressedcountryinEastAsia,Chinaisexploiting44%ofitsusablewater,afigureprojectedtoriseto60%by2020.Primarywithdrawalofwaterofmorethan60%iswidelyconsideredbywaterexpertstoexceedtheenvironmentalcarryingcapacityofariverbasinsystem.AlthoughChina'stotaluseappearsstilltobereasonable,ithasseveralbasinsthatareseverelystressedenvironmentally.

WithdrawalsexceedenvironmentallimitsinAfghanistanandPakistan,andwillexceedtheminIndiaby2020.IntheMiddleEastandNorthAfrica,onlyMoroccohasunexploitedwaterresources.Theresthaveexceededenvironmentallimitsandmanyareminingaquifers（蓄水层）-bodiesofwater-bearingrock-thereportsays.

16　Itisestimatedthatwaterusewillriseby50%inthenext30years.

ARightB　WrongCNotmentioned

17　Mostdevelopedcountrieswillfacewatershortagesin20years.

ARightB　WrongCNotmentioned

18　Mostoftheworld'spopulationmaylivewithin100kmoftheseain2025.

ARightB　WrongCNotmentioned

19　Almostallcoralreefsmaydisappearin100years.

ARightB　WrongCNotmentioned

20　SomespeciesoffishintheAtlanticareatdangerouslylowlevels.

ARightB　WrongCNotmentioned

21　TheWorldBankreportimpliesthaturgentactionshouldbetakentoprotectwatersupplies.

ARightB　WrongCNotmentioned

22　Indiaexceedsenvironmentallimitsforwateruse.

ARightB　WrongCNotmentioned

第3部分：

概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）

　　下面的短文后有2项测试任务：

（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段1选择个最佳标题；

（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

Chimpanzees

1　　Chimpanzees（黑猩猩）willsoonbeextinct（灭绝）.Ifthepresentrateofhuntingandhabitat（栖息地）destructioncontinues,thenwithin20years,therewillbenochimpanzeeslivinginthewild.Butthisismorethananenvironmentalormoraltragedy

（悲剧）.Chimpanzeeextinctionmayalsohaveprofoundimplications（含意）forthesurvivaloftheirdistantrelatives-humanbeings.

2　　In1975thebiologistMarie-ClaireKingandAllanWilsondiscoveredthatthehumanandchimpanzeegenomes（基因组）matchbyover98%.Comparethistothemouse,

usedasmodelforhumandiseaseinlabtests,whichsharesonly60%ofitsDNAwithus.Infact,chimpanzeesarefarmoresimilartohumansthantheyaretoanyotherspeciesofmonkey.Aswellasresemblingusgenetically,chimpsarehighlyintelligentandabletousetools.Thesefactsaloneshouldbeenoughtomakeprotectionofchimpsanurgentpriority（优先）.Butthereisanother,moreselfishreasontopreservethechimp.

3　　Thechimpanzees'trumpcard（王牌）comesinthefieldofmedicalresearch.Chimpanzeesaresosimilartohumansthatveterinarians（兽医）oftenrefertohumanmedicaltextbookswhentreatingthem.Yetchimpanzeesdoshowdifferencesinseveralkeyareas.Inparticular,chimpsaremuchmoreresistanttoanumberofmajordiseases.Itisthisabilitythatissointeresting.

4　　Forexample,chimpsseemtoshowamuchhigherresistancethanhumanstoHIV,thevirusthatcausesAIDS.Indeed,theiruseasexperimentalanimalsinAIDSresearchhasdeclinedbecausetheyaresoresistant.

5　　Bysequencingthechimpgenomeandpinpointing（找到）theplacewherethechimpanzeeDNAsequencediffersfromthatofhumans,scientistshopetobeabletodiscoverwhichpartofthegeneticcodegiveschimpstheirincreasedresistancetosomediseases.This,theyhope,willallowthemtodevelopnewandmoreeffectivetreatmentsforthehumanformsofthesediseases.Suchtreatmentscouldincludetheproductionofnewdrugsoreventhealteration（改变）ofthehumangeneticsequence.Therecentlycompletedhumangenomesequencingprojecthasshownthatsuchaneffortisnowwellwithinourreach.

23　Paragraph1　　　　　

24　Paragraph2　　　　　

25　Paragraph3　　　　　

26　Paragraph4　　　　　

A　Geneticdifferencesbetweenchimpsand"humansB　ReasonsforHIVresistance

C　ImplicationsofchimpanzeeextinctionforhumansD　EffectiveAIDStreatment

E　GeneticsimilaritiesbetweenchimpsandhumansF　Chimps'resistancetoHIV

27　Chimpanzeeextinctionmayaffect　　　　　

28　Thereisadifferenceoflessthan2%betweenthechimpand　　　　　

29　Scientistssuspectthatgenesplayasignificantroleinprotectingchimpsfromgetting　　　　　

30　Thediscoveryofthegeneticcodeofchimpswillbehelpfulto　　　　　

A　healthierlifestyleB　somehumandiseasetreatments

C　somediseasesD　humansurvival

E　humangenomesF　keyareas

第4部分：

阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。

请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇

YouthEmancipationinSpain

TheSpanishGovernmentissoworriedaboutthenumberofyoungadultsstilllivingwiththeirparentsthatithasdecidedtohelpthemleavethenest.

Around55percentofpeopleaged18-34inSpainstillsleepintheirparents'homes,saysthelatestreportfromthecountry'sstate-runInstituteofYouth.

Tocoax（劝诱）youngpeoplefromtheirhomes,theInstitutestarteda"Youth

Emancipation（解放）"programthismonth.Theprogramoffersguidanceinfindingroomsandjobs.

Economistsblameyoungpeople'sfamilydependenceontheprecarious（不稳定的）labormarketandincreasinghousingprices.Housingpriceshaverisen17percentayearsince2000.

Culturalreasonsalsocontributetotheproblem,saysociologists（社会学家）.FamilytiesinsouthEurope-Italy,PortugalandGreece-arestrongerthanthoseinmiddleandnorthEurope,saidSpanishsociologistAlmudenaMorenoMinguezinherreport"TheLateEmancipationofSpanishYouth:

KeyforUnderstanding".

"Ingeneral,youngpeopleinSpainfirmlybelieveinthefamilyasthemainbodyaroundwhichtheirprivatelifeisorganized,"saidMinguez.

InSpain-especiallyinthecountryside,itisnotuncommontofindentiregroupsofaunts,uncles,cousins,niecesandnephews（外侄/侄子）alllivingonthesamestreet.TheyregularlygettogetherforSundaydinner.

Parents'toleranceisanotherfactor.Spanishparentsacceptlate-nightpartyingandarewaryofsettingbedtimerules.

"Achildcanarrivehomeatwhatevertimehewants.Ifparentscomplainhe'llputupafightandcallthefatherafascist,"saidJoseAntonioGomezYanez,asociologistatCarlosIIIUniversityinMadrid.

Mothers'willingnesstodochildren'shouseholdchores（家务）worsenstheproblem.DionisioMasso,a60-year-oldinMadrid,hasthreechildrenintheir20s.Theeldest,28,hasagirlfriendandajob.Butlifewithmumisgood.

"Hismumdoesthewashandcooksforhim:

intheend.heliveswell."Massosai