人教版英语九年级 Unit 5 精讲精练 无答案.docx
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人教版英语九年级Unit5精讲精练无答案
单元核心语法(一般现在时)被动语态
(一)语态:
英语的语态是动词的一种形式,用来说明主语和谓语动词的具体关系。
分为
主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;主动语态强调动作发出者。
ManypeoplespeakChinese.(speak的动作是由主语manypeople来执行的)
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象;被动语态强调动作影响的对象。
Chineseisspokenbymanypeople.(主语English是动词speak的承受者)
(二)被动语态的结构
Iamcheatedbyherwords.
Youarechosentobetheleader.
Heisaskedaquestionbytheteacher.
结构归纳:
__________________+____________________+(by+动作执行者)
注意:
①be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。
时态
主动语态
被动语态
1
一般现在时
do/does
______________+_______________
2
一般过去时
did
______________+_______________
3
一般将来时
will/begoingto+动原
will/begoingto+_________+____________
5
现在进行时
am/is/are+现在分词
am/is/are+___________+____________
6
过去进行时
was/were+现在分词
was/were+___________+____________
7
现在完成时
have/has+过去分词
have/has+___________+____________
8
含情态动词
情态动词+动词原形
情态动词+___________+____________
②被动语态要说明动作的发出者就加上by+sb(被某人,由某人)
Mr.Wuislikedbyallofhisstudents.所有的学生都喜欢吴老师。
(三)动词过去分词的变化
1.规则动词的过去分词:
1)一般情况在动词原形后加-edwatch-ask-want-play-help-
2)以不发音e结尾的加-dpractice-agree-love-like-live-
3)以辅音加y结尾的,去y变i加-edstudy-cry-try-
4)以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加-ed
stop-drop-plan-
2.不规则动词的过去分词:
(AAA、ABA、ABB、ABC型)
am/is/are______was/were_____have/has_____do_____
go_______write______eat____leave_____
drink______take_____break______speak______
steal______see______give______get______
bring______know______come______drink______
drive______find______hit______learn______
let______lay______make______put______
see______send______show______tell______
(四)被动语态的句式
句式
例句
句式归纳
肯定句
Englishisstudiedbypeople.
否定句
Iamnotinvitedbyher..
一般疑问句
Istheworkfinishedbyhim?
特殊疑问句
Wherearetheshirtsmade?
练习:
按要求改写句子。
ThisEnglishsongissungbythegirlsafterclass.
①改为否定句
②改为一般疑问句,并做肯定和否定回答
③对划线部分提问
(四)被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。
Paperismadefromwood.(纸是由木材生产出来的。
)
(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。
Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.
ThiscarismadeinChina.
(五)主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把谓语动词变成(be+过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。
(4)其它成分不变。
例如:
Theymakethebikes.→Thebikesaremadebythem.
Hecutdownatree.→ Atreewascutdownbyhim.
练习:
把下列的主动句变为被动句
1.Peopleplayfootballallovertheworld.
2.TheoldmanonTVtellsastoryonSunday.
3.Studentslistentothekindteachercarefully.
4.Hewashedhisshoesyesterday.
(六)被动语态的注意事项:
①主动语态中有些动词,如使役动词make,let,感官动词see,watch,hear等后面常跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,但变为被动语态时要加上to。
Ioftenseetheoldmanruninthemorning.
→Theoldmanisoftenseentoruninthemorning.我经常看见那个老人早晨跑步。
练习:
IsawhimplaybasketballlastSunday.(改成被动语态)
Thebossmakesthemworkallday.(改成被动语态)
②.含动词短语的被动语态:
在被动语态中,要保持动词短语的整体性,不可丢掉介词和副词。
如:
EveryonelaughsatMr.Johnson’sstory.
→Mr.Johnson’sstoryislaughedatbyeveryone.
练习:
Theytakegoodcareofmychild.(改成被动语态)
Iturnedofftheradio.(改成被动语态)
③.带双宾语句子的被动语态,其被动语态有两种形式。
直接宾语(常指事物)和间接宾语(常指人)都可变为被动语态的主语,但多以间接宾语作主语。
常见的接双宾语的动词有:
含介词to:
pass,give,teach,show,bring,lend
含介词for:
make,buy,get,cook,
Jacktellsusthetruth.
→WearetoldthetruthbyJack.以“人”当主语时,变法和一般的变法一样;
→ThetruthistoldtousbyJack.以“物”当主语时,在间接宾语前必须加to或for.
练习:
Hegivesmethefootball.(改成被动语态)
→
→
Mymotherboughtmeabook.(改成被动语态)
→
→
④不用被动语态的动词:
A.不及物动词takeplace发生,breakout爆发,belong属于,happen发生,die死,last持续,appear出现,disappear消失等不能用于被动语态。
练习:
Greatchanges____________(takeplace)inmyhometowninthepastfewyears.
Thisbook_____________(belong)tome.
Thestory__________(happen)inthe1980s.
B.感官系动词不用于被动语态:
look(看起来)/sound(听起来)/taste(尝起来)/feel(感觉起来)/smell(闻起来)用主动形式表示被动意义。
练习:
Uniforms____________(look)uglyonus.我们穿着制服很难看。
Mooncakes____________(taste)delicious.月饼尝起来很好吃。
Thesong________(sound)wonderful.
C.表示主语的某种属性cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,clean,drive,keep等用作不及物动词时,它们的主语为物,常用主动形式表示被动意义。
练习:
Thefloordoesn’t____________(clean)easily.这地板不容易弄干净。
Thiskindofshirt___________(sell)wellhere.这种样式的衬衫在这儿卖得很好。
Thiskindofcloth__________(wash)easily.这种布料很容易清洗。
Thecar___________(drive)well.
D.need需要,want想要,require(要求,需要),常用主动形式表示被动意义。
这座古建筑需要修了。
Theoldbuildingrequires_____________(repair).
这些孩子需要小心的照管。
Theseyoungchildrenneed__________(look)after.
⑤在英语口语中,有时可用“get+过去分词”构成被动语态。
如:
Igot____________(dress)asquicklyaslcould.我尽快穿上衣服。
类似搭配:
getdressed__________getlost____________getmarried___________
⑥关于被动语态的习惯用法
have/getsth.done表被动使某事完成
it’ssaidthat…据说…
it’sreportedthat…据报道…
it’sbelievedthat…大家相信…
it’swellknownthat…众所周知
1.—Howcleanandtidyyourbedroomis!
—Thanks.It________everyday.
A.wascleanedB.cleanedC.iscleaned
2.Everyday,toomuchwater_____________inourschool.Weshouldsaveit.
A.iswastedB.wastesC.waswastedD.wasted
3.—Excuseme,sir,smoking__________inthegasstation.—Oh,I'mreallysorry.
A.doesn'tallowB.isn'tallowedC.hasn'tallowedD.wasn'tallowed
4.Chinese___inmanyschoolsaroundtheworldandmanypeoplelovetolearnit.
A.teachesB.isteachingC.hastaughtD.istaught
5.—Willyoucometothedinnerparty?
—Iwon’tcomeuntilJenny________.
A.willbeinvitedB.canbeinvitedC.wasinvitedD.isinvited
6.Nowchildreninthatschool____moretimetoplaysportsinsteadoflearning.
A.giveB.aregivenC.aregivingD.gave
7.Thebasketballplayer_________byhiscoach(教练)totraineveryday.
A.isadvisedB.advisedC.comparedD.iscompared
8.Theskyissoblue.Itseemsthatit_____bytherain.
A.iswashingB.washesC.iswashedD.washed
9.AreyougoingtoLisa’sbirthdayparty?
—IwillgoifI_____________.
A.invitedB.willbeinvitedC.aminvited
10.—YouspeakChineseverywell,Sam.
-Thanks.Chineseisverypopular.It_____widelyintheworld.
A.speaksB.isspokenC.wasspoken
11.Daddy,whenwillwegoouttoflyakite?
—Assoonasyourhomework_________.
A.willfinishB.willbefinishedC.isfinishedD.finishes
12.Trainticketsonline.Itisconvenient.
A.soldB.weresoldC.aresoldD.havesold
13.Accordingtothenewcityrules,we_____toshowourgreenhealthcodes(健康码)whenwegotopublicplaces.
A.askB.areaskedC.wereasked
14.Weplantmanytreesinspringeveryyear.(变为被动语态)
Manytrees_________________byusinspringeveryyear.
15.Doyouwashthedisheseveryday?
(改为被动语态)
____thedishes____byyoueveryday?
16.Thisbikeismadeofsteel.(对画线部分提问)
________thisbike________of?
17.ThefloweriswateredbyGrandmaeveryweek.(改为否定句)
Theflower________________byGrandmaeveryweek.
18.Thefestivalisheldeveryfouryears.(改为一般疑问句)
________thefestival________everyfouryears?
19.Thetelephonewasinventedin1876.(划线提问)
______________thetelephoneinvented?
20.WecelebratetheSpringFestivaleveryyear.(改为被动语态)
TheSpringFestival____________________useveryyear.
21.Theteacherseeshisstudentsashisownchildren.(改为被动语态)
Thestudents__________________________theteacherashisownchildren.
22.Weusethecameratotakephotos.(改为被动语态)
Thecamera__________________________totakephotosbyus.
23.Thisboyistakencareofbyanoldlady.(改为一般疑问句)
__________thisorphan__________careofbyanoldlady?
24.ThericeisgrowninthesouthofChina.(对划线部分提问)
教材详解SectionA
1.glass(P.33)
【解析】glass此处用作不可数名词,表示“玻璃”;也可作可数名词,表示“玻璃杯;一杯的量”;glassesn.眼镜
①.Themanwithapairof_______dranktwo_______ofcoffee.
A.glass;glassesB.glasses;glassesC.glasses;glassD.glass;glass
②._______________isusedtomake_______________.
A.Glasses;glassB.Glass;glassC.Glasses;glassesD.Glass;glasses
③.My______aremadeof______.
A.glass;glassB.glass;glassesC.glasses;glassD.glasses;glasses
2.--Isitmadeofsilver?
--Yes,itwasmadeinThailand.(P.33)
【解析】bemadeof意为“由……制成”,强调看得出原材料。
bemadefrom
由……制成
从成品看不出原材料。
Thewineismadefromgrapes.
bemadein
在…制造
后接地点或时间
ThecarismadeinChina.
bemadeof
用……制成
成品仍可看出原材料
Thetableismadeofwood.
bemadeby
由……制造
后接动作的执行者
Wasitmadebyyourbrother?
bemadeinto
被制成…
into后接制成的产品
Hisnovelwasmadeintoafilm.
①.Ilovethisscarf___________Suzhou.It’s____________silk.
A.madein;madefromB.madein;madeofC.madeby;madewithD.madeof;madefor
②.Myshirtis__________China.It’s_______cotton.
A.madeof,madeofB.madefrom,madefromC.madein,madefromD.madein,madeof
③.—Thedresslooksnice.Isit_______silk?
—Yes.Besides,it’s________hand.
A.madeof,madeinB.madeof,madebyC.madefor,madeinD.madefor,madeby
3.theartandsciencefair.(P.33)
【解析】此处为可数名词,“展览会,交易会”
还作形容词,“合理的,公正的”反义词unfair不合理的,不公正的fairnessn.公正性
①.It’sunfair_____me______cleanthedesksalone.
A.for;forB.to;toC.for;toD.of;to
②.Itisa(n)______gamebecausetheplayersinthatteamaretallerandstronger.
A.possibleB.successfulC.unfairD.fair
4.grassandleaves.(P.34)
【解析1】grass不可数名词,“草”,指各种草的总称thegrass草地
①.Elephantslike________butlionslike________.
A.grass;meatB.meat;grassC.grasses;meatsD.grass;meats
②.-MayIwalkonthegrass?
-No,you___.Lookatthesign“Keepoffthegrass”.
A.maynotB.mustn’tC.needn’t
【解析2】leaf可数名词“叶子”复数形式leaves
【拓展】以-f/-fe结尾的可数名词,其复数形式一般是变—f或-fe为ve,再加-s
wolf-life-thief-knife-half-self-wife-
①.Inautumntherearealotof________ontheground.
A.leafB.leafsC.leavesD.leafes
②.Jackhastwo_________.
A.knifesB.aknifeC.knives
③.Thetwo________caughtthree_____________yesterday.
A.policewoman,thievesB.policewomen,thief
C.policewoman,thiefD.policewomen,thieves
④.Childrenusuallycan’tdress_______atanearlya