代词讲解.docx
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代词讲解
代词讲解及测试题
一代词：
代词是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词。
二代词的种类：
1.人称代词主格 I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they
宾格 me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them
2.物主代词形容词性的物主代词 my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their
名词性的物主代词 mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs
3.反身代词 myself,herself,themselves…
4.相互代词有：
eachother,oneanother…
5.提示代词有：
this,that,these,those,those…
6.疑问代词 who,what,whose…
7.关系代词 which,that,who…
8.连接代词 what,who,whose…
9.不定代词没有指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词
all,each,both,either,neither,one,any…
10.指示代词 that,this,these,those
三代词的使用方法
1.人称代词是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、"我们"、"你们"、"他们"的词。
人称代词有人称、数和格的变化。
物主代词表示所有关系的代词，也可叫做代词所有格。
物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种。
表示"我自己"、"你自己"、"他自己"、"我们自己"、"你们自己"和"他们自己"等的代词，叫做自身代词，也称为"反身代词"。
详件见下表：
人称代词
物主代词
反身代词
主格
宾格
形容词性
物主代词
名词性
物主代词
第一人称
单数
I
me
my
mine
myself
复数
we
us
our
ours
ourselves
第二人称
单数
you
you
your
yours
yourself
复数
you
you
your
yours
yourselves
第三人称
单数
he
him
his
his
himself
she
her
her
hers
herself
it
it
its
its
Itself
复数
they
them
their
theirs
themselves
句法功能
作主语,其中she指
带代国家,it可指
代天气时间等。
作宾语介
词宾语表语
作定语
作主语,宾语,
介词宾语,表语
书信yours…
作宾语,介词
宾语,表语主
语同为语
根据上表的例句如下：
Shedoesn’tbelieveus.
Whenhearrived,Johnwentstraighttothebank..
You’llfindyourbooksamongmineonthebookshelf.
-Whoisit?
-It’sme.
Ourroomisonthefirstfloor,andtheirsisonthesecond.
Theythinktoomuchofthemselves.
Aweeklater,ImyselfhadtogotoParis.
Helpyourself!
Wecookforourselves.
Isawherwiththem,atleast,Ithoughtitwasher.
ThecapisJack’s.
注意：
在连续使用两个以上人称代词时，通常单数you放在第一位，I放在最后；复数we放在第一位，they放在最后。
简单记成：
单数2,3,1，复数1,2,3。
都是三人称，女后男在先。
例如：
YouandIcanhelpeachother.
Theycouldn’thaveseenTomandmethere.
You,TomandIareleavingnextmonth.
Youortheymustpasstheexam.
We,youandtheyshouldgotheretogether.
2.疑问代词（who,whom,which,what,whose）用来构成疑问句，在句中可以起名词词组作用。
指人：
who,whom,whose指物：
what既可指人又可指物：
which
①who与whom.（whom是who的宾格）
Whotoldyouthetruth?
Whomareyoutalkingwith?
②whose,which,what（在非限定的数量中选择用what,在限定的数量中选择which）
Whosebookisthis?
WhatwasthedirectionalflowofU.S.territorialexpansion?
Whichbookyoulikebetter,theEnglishbookortheChinesebook?
Whatareyoureadingnow?
What’syourfather?
Whosebooksaretheseonthedesk?
注意：
疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时，过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首，现代英语中，疑问代词在句首，介词在句未。
Forwhatdomoststudentsstudy?
Whatareyoulookingfor?
3.指示代词this,these,that,those被用作名词中心词的修饰语时属于限定词，而单独用来代替名词词组时是代词。
Thisisthebuswewant.Puttheseinyourbag.
Myideaisthis.Howdoyouthinkofthisidea?
注意：
that和those有时用来代表前面提到的名词，以避免重复。
ThebestcoalisthatfromNewcastle.
Thosewhowishtogomaysignuphere.
4.不定代词用法辨析
neither…nor…没有…也没有
either…or…不是…就是…
both两者都…
one…theother…两个中的一个,另一个
another再一个,又一个
every作定语,每一个.（可以形成合成词everybodyeverything…）
each每一个,一个个的加以考虑时用.
None否定意思,"没有一个…"
5．其它代词在高中部分会有进一步讲解。
II.不定代词用法注意点：
1.one,some与any:
1）one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为ones。
some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。
Oneshouldlearntothinkofothers.
Haveyouanybookmarks?
No,Idon’thaveanybookmarks.
Ihavesomequestionstoask.
2）some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。
Wouldyoulikesomebananas?
Couldyougivemesomemoney?
3）some和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。
Ihavereadthisarticleinsomemagazine.Pleasecorrectthemistakes,ifany.
4）some和数词连用表示“大约”，any可与比较级连用表示程度。
Therearesome3,000studentsinthisschool.Doyoufeelanybettertoday?
2.each和every:
each强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。
Eachstudenthasapocketdictionary./Each（ofus）hasadictionary./Weeachhaveadictionary.
Everystudenthasstrongandweakpoints./Everyoneofushasstrongandweakpoints.
3.none和no：
no等于notany，作定语。
none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可以。
Thereisnowaterinthebottle.
Howmuchwateristhereinthebottle?
None.
Noneofthestudentsare（is）afraidofdifficulties.
4.other和another:
1）other泛指“另外的，别的”常与其他词连用，如：
theotherday,everyotherweek,someotherreason,nootherway,
theother特指两者中的另外一个，复数为theothers。
如：
Heheldabookinonehandandhisnotesintheother.
Twostudentsinourclassfailed,butalltheotherspassedtheexam.
2）another指“又一个，另一个”无所指，复数形式是others，泛指“别的人或事”如：
Idon’tlikethisshirt,pleaseshowmeanother（one）.
Thetrousersaretoolong,pleasegivemeanotherpair/someothers.
Somelikefootball,whileotherslikebasketball.
5.all和both,neither和either
all表示不可数名词时，其谓语动词用单数。
both和all加否定词表示部分否定，全部否定用neither和none.
AllofthebooksarenotwritteninEnglish./NotallofthebooksarewritteninEnglish.
Bothofusarenotteachers./Notbothofusareteachers./Eitherofusisateacher.
Ps:
"much"和"many"分别修饰不可数名词和可数名词,可作为代词（如muchof）和形容词使用；
"few"和"little"两者分别为"many"和"much"的反义词,表示"少,很少"的意思,有否定含义,即等于"几乎没有",如若表示肯定的含义,则应在little和few前加不定冠词"a",即变为"afew"和"alittle"。
练习题：
1.TheweatherinGuangzhouishotterthan________inShenyang.
A.that B.It C.this D.one
2.Mr.GreenisourEnglishteacher._____comesfromU.S.A.
A.he B.she C.it D.they
3.Mybikeisbroken.MayIborrow________?
A.you B.yourself C.yours D.your
4.Wouldyoulikesometea?
Yes,just_________--.
A.afew B.few C.alittle D.littlebit
5.Wouldyoulikesometeaorcoffee?
_________.Thanks,I’vehadenough.
A.either B.neither C.some D.both
6.Ibought___________exercisebookswith__________money.
A.afew,afew B.afew,alittle C.alittle,afew D.alittle,alittle
7.Imadethecakeby____________.Help__________,Tom.
A.ourselves,yourself B.myself,yourself C.myself,you D.me,him
8.Enjoy_____________,MayandMary.
A.yourself B.myself C.yourselves D.themselves
9._____________houseisthis?
It’smine.
A.What B.Who C.Whose D.Whose
10.Sheisastudentand____________nameisMary.
A.she B.her C.hers D.his
11.ShewillgoskatingandIwilldo_________.
A.such B.same C.thesameas D.thesame
12.__________ishe?
Heisabusdriver.
A.who B.which C.that D.what
13._____hatisthis?
It’s__________.
A.Whose,me B.Who,mine C.Whom,his D.Whose,mine
14.ThepopulationofChinaislargerthan__________ofJapan.
A.one B.it C.that D.those
15.LiLiiscleverthan_______inhisclass.
A.anybody B.anyoneelse C.elseanyone D.somebodyelse
16._________likemusic.
A.Bothofthem B.Bothofthey C.Thebothgirls D.Boththem
17.Couldyougivemesomeink?
Sorry,Ihave__________inmybottle.
A.afew B.few C.alittle D.little
18.Hehas___________totellus.
A.somethingimportant B.importantsomething C.anythinguseful D.usefulnothing
19.Wouldyoulike___________coffee?
Yes,I’dlike______________.
A.any,any B.some,some C.some,any D.any,some
20._________oftheteachersareokinourschool.
A.every B.each C.either D.all
21.Ofthethreeforeigners,oneisfromLondon,________arefromtheUSA.
A.twoothers B.theothertoo C.anothertwo D.theboth
22.Whichwouldyoulike,sir,teaorcoffee?
Idon’tmind._______isok.
A.Either B.Neither C.Any D.Both
23.Help__________tosomechicken,boysandgirls.
A.you B.yours C.yourself D.yourselves
24.Whatdoyouusuallyhaveforbreakfast?
______milkand______eggs.
A.Little,alittle B.Afew,few C.Alittle,afew D.Afew,alittle
25.Whotaught______historylastyear?
Nobody!
Helearnedit_________.
A.him,himself B.his,himself C.himself,himself D.his,him
26.Thereisn’t_______paperhere.Willyougoandget__________forme?
A.any,any B.any,some C.much,many D.many,much
27.Thefarmerisbusybecausehe’sso__sheeptokeepandso__worktodo.
A.much,many B.many,much C.many,alot D.alot,much
28.On_______sideoftheriverthere’remanytalltrees.
Aevery B.all C.both D.each
29.Whosephotoisthis?
It’s__________.
A.me B.mine C.my D.myself
30.Whoisplayingthepianointhenextroom?
_______isLiPing’sbrother.
A.This B.That C.It D.He
31.Theoldmanhastwosons,but__________ofthemliveswithhim.
A.both B.none C.neither D.all
32.YouhavemoreapplesthanI,but_____arebiggerthan_________.
A.my,your B.my,yours C.mine,your D.mine,yours
33.Thereis________meatathome.Wouldyoupleasegoandbuy______?
A.some,alittle B.alittle,any C.little,some D.little,any
34.Myparentsareworkers._______bothworkinthesamefactory.
A.them B.they C.he D.she
35.CanyoucomeonFridayorSaturday?
I’mafraid_______dayispossible.
A.either B.same C.nay D.neither
36.Hecan’thearyou,becausethereis_____noisehere.
A.verymuch B.toomuch C.muchtoo D.somany
37.Allofuswereinvited,but_______ofuscame.
A.neither B.none C.both D.any
38.Thereisn’t__________waterinthecup.
A.any B.many C.some D.the
39.Wehave_________sugar.Really?
Let’sgoandbuysome.
A.few B.afew C.little D.alittle
40.Thereisn’t____________milkinthefridge.You’dbetterbuysome.
A.no B.any C.some D.afew
41.Help_____tosomemeat,Mary.
A.themselves B.ourselves C.yourself D.himself
42.Thoughtheyhadcleanedthedoor,therewasstill__________wateronit.
A.little B.alittle C.few D.afew
43.Theoldmankeptoneblackdogandtwowhite__________.
A.one B.ones C.those D.one’s
44.______ofushasreadthenewspaper,soweknownothingaboutit.
A.some B.both C.none D.all
45.Heisnotakind-heartedman,________peoplecangetonwellwithhim.
A.few B.afew C.little D.alittle
46.I’moldenoughtowash_______clothes.Youshouldwash______,too.
A.my,your B.mine,yours C.my,your D.your,my
47.It
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