17年6级阅读理解12篇.docx
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17年6级阅读理解12篇
17.12阅读理解1A
YoumayhaveheardthatCoca-Colaoncecontainedaningredientcapableofsparkingparticulardevotioninconsumers:
cocaine.The"Coca"inthenamereferredtotheextractsofcocaleafthatthedrink'soriginator,chemistJohnPemberton,mixedwithhissugarysyrup(浆汁).Atthetime,cocaleafextractmixedwithwinewasacommontonic(滋补品),andPemberton'ssweetbrewwasawaytogetaroundlocallawsprohibitingthesaleofalcohol.Buttheotherhalfofthenamepresentsanotheringredient,lessinfamous(名声不好的),perhaps,butalsostrangelypotent:
thekolanut.
InWestAfrica,peoplehavelongchewedkolanutsasstimulants,becausetheycontaincaffeinethatalsooccursnaturallyintea,coffee,andchocolate.Theyalsohaveheartstimulants.
HistorianPaulLovejoyrelatesthatthecultivationofkolanutsinWestAfricaishundredsofyearsold.Theleafy,spreadingtreeswereplantedongravesandaspartoftraditionalrituals.Eventhoughthenuts,whichneedtostaymoist,canbesomewhatdelicatetotransport,traderscarriedthemhundredsofmilesthroughouttheforestsandgrasslands.
Europeansdidnotknowofthemuntilthe1500s,whenPortugueseshipsarrivedonthecoastofwhatisnowSierraLeone.AndwhilethePortuguesetookpartinthetrade,ferryingnutsdownthecoastalongwithothergoods,by1620,whenEnglishexplorerRichardJobsonmadehiswayuptheGambia,thenutswerestillpeculiartohiseyes.
Bythelate19thcentury,kolanutswerebeingshippedbythetonnetoEuropeandtheUS.Manymadetheirwayintomedicines,intendedasakindofenergyboost.OnesuchpopularmedicinaldrinkwasVinMariani,aFrenchproductconsistingofcocaextractmixedwithredwine.ItwascreatedbyaFrenchchemist,AngeloMariani,in1863.SowhenPembertoncreatedhisdrink,itrepresentedanongoingtrend.Whencocaineeventuallyfellfromgraceasabeverageingredient,kola-extractcolasbecamepopular.
Thefirstyearitwasavailable,Coca-ColaaveragednineservingsadayacrossalltheAtlantasodafountainswhereitwassold.Asitgrewmorepopular,thecompanysoldrightstobottlethesoda,soitcouldtraveleasily.Todayabout1.9billionCokesarepurchaseddaily.It'sbecomesoiconicthatattemptstochangeitstastein1985—sweeteningitinamoveprojectedtoboostsales—proveddisastrous,withwidespreadangerfromconsumers."Coca-ColaClassic"returnedtostoreshelvesjustthreemonthsafterthe"NewCoke"wasreleased.
Thesedays,theCoca-Colarecipeisacloselyguardedsecret.Butit'ssaidtonolongercontainkolanutextract,relyinginsteadonartificialimitationstoachievetheflavour.
46.WhatdowelearnaboutchemistJohnPemberton?
A)Heusedastrangelypotentingredientinafoodsupplement.
B)Hecreatedadrinkcontainingalcoholwithoutbreakinglaw.
C)Hebecamenotoriousbecauseofthecocadrinkhedeveloped.
D)Heriskedbreakinglocallawtomakeadrinkwithcocaleaves.
47.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutkolanuts?
A)TheircommercialvaluewasfirstdiscoveredbyPortuguesesettlers.
B)Theycontainsomekindofenergyboostnotfoundinanyotherfood.
C)ManywereshippedtoEuropeinthelate19thcenturyformedicinaluse.
D)TheywerestrangetotheEuropeanswhenfirstimportedfromWestAfrica.
48.Howcomekola-extractcolasbecamepopular?
A)Cocainehadbecomenotorious.
B)Alcoholicdrinkswereprohibited.
C)Fountainsweresetuptosellthem.
D)Rightsweresoldtobottlethesoda.
49.WhatisknownaboutthetasteofCoca-Cola?
A)Itwassodesignedastocreateaddictioninconsumers.
B)Itstillreliesontraditionalkolanutextract.
C)Ithasbecomemorepopularamongtheold.
D)Ithasremainedvirtuallyunchangedsinceitscreation.
50.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
A)TheevolutionofCoca-Cola.
B)ThesuccessstoryofCoca-Cola.
C)ThemedicinalvalueofCoca-Cola.
D)ThebusinessstrategyofCoca-Cola.
17.12阅读理解1B
Twentyyearsago,theUrbanLandInstitutedefinedthetwotypesofcitiesthatdominatedtheUSlandscape:
smallercitiesthatoperatedaroundstandard9-5businesshoursandlargemetropolitanareasthatranall24hoursoftheday.Analyzingandcomparingcitiesusingthelensofthisbasicdividegivesinterestingcontexttohowinvestmentcapitalflowsandhousingpriceshaveshifted.
Inrecentyears,manymid-sizedcitieshavebeguntoadoptamiddle-of-the-roadapproachincorporatingtheexcitementandopportunityoflargecitieswithsmallcities'quietaftermidnight.These18-hourcitiesarebeginningtomakewavesinrealestaterankingsandattractmorerealestateinvestment.Whatisunderlyingthisnewmovementinrealestate,andwhydothesecitieshavesomuchappeal?
18-hourcitiescombinethebestof24-hourand9-5cities,whichcontributestodowntownrevitalization.Fordecades,manydowntowncoresinsmalltomid-sizedcitieswereabandonedafterworkhoursbyworkerswholivedinthesuburbs.Movementoutofcitycenterswaswidespread,anddowntowntenantswerepredominantlymadeupoftheworkingpoor.Thisgeneratedlittlecommercefordowntownbusinessesintheevenings,whichmadebusinessandgeneratingtaxrevenueformunicipalupkeepdifficult.Withtheriseofanewconceptinurbanplanningthataimstomakelifeeasierandmoreconvenient,however,increasingpopularityforurbanareasthatcasedtherealestatepushes,inmajorcitieslikeSanFranciscoorNewYork,hasinspiredatypeofforwardthinkingurbanityandinsmallercities.
Transformingdowntownareassothattheyincorporatemodernhousingandimprovedwalkabilitytolocalrestaurants,retail,andentertainment—especiallywhencombinedwithimprovedinfrastructureforcyclistsandpublictransit—makesthemappealtoamoreaffluentdemographic.Theseadjustmentsencourageemployersintheknowledgeandtalentindustriestokeeptheirofficesdowntown.Accesstofoottrafficandproximitytotransitallowthetypeofentertainment-orientedbusinessessuchasbarsandrestaurantstostayopenlater,whichattractsbothyounger,creativeworkersandbabyboomersnearingretirementalike.Becauseoftheirsmallersize,mostkeephoursthatallowpeopletoenjoythemselves,thenhavesomequietaftermidnight,asopposedtolargemajorcitieslikeNewYork,wherethebuzzofactivityisongoing.
These18-hourcitiesarerapidlyontheriseandoffergreatopportunitiesforhomeownerinvestment.InmanyofthesecitiessuchasDenver,adiverseandvigorouseconomyattractedtotheurbancorehasofferedstableemploymentforresidents.Therighturbanmixhasproppeduphomeoccupancy,increasedpropertyvalues,andattractedsignificantinvestmentcapital.
51.WhatdowelearnaboutAmericancitiestwentyyearsago?
A)Theyweredividedintoresidentialandbusinessareas.
B)Theirhousingpriceswerelinkedwiththeirprosperity.
C)Therewasacleardividebetweenlargeandsmallcities.
D)Theywereplaceswherelargeinvestmentcapitalflowed.
52.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassageabout18-hourcities?
A)Theyespeciallyappealtosmallbusinesses.
B)Theyhaveseenariseinpropertyprices.
C)Theyhavereplacedquietwithexcitement.
D)TheyhavechangedAmerica'slandscape.
53.Yearsago,manydowntowncoresinsmalltomid-sizedcities.
A)hadhardlyanybusinessactivity
B)werecrowdedinbusinesshours
C)exhibitednosignsofprosperity
D)lookeddesertedintheevenings
54.Whatcharacterizesthenewdowntownareasin18-hourcities?
A)Asuddenemergenceoftheknowledgeindustry.
B)Floodinginoflargecrowdsofmigrantworkers.
C)Modernizedhousingandimprovedinfrastructure.
D)Morecomfortablelifeandgreaterupwardmobility.
55.Whathave18-hourcitiesbroughttothelocalresidents?
A)Morechancesforpromotion.B)Healthierlivingenvironment.
C)Greaterculturaldiversity.D)Betterjobopportunities.
17.12阅读理解2A
InthebeginningofthemovieI,Robot,arobothastodecidewhomtosaveaftertwocarsplungeintothewater—DelSpoonerorachild.EventhoughSpoonerscreams"Saveher!
Saveher!
"therobotrescueshimbecauseitcalculatesthathehasa45percentchanceofsurvivalcomparedtoSarah's11percent.Therobot'sdecisionanditscalculatedapproachraiseanimportantquestion:
wouldhumansmakethesamechoice?
Andwhichchoicewouldwewantourroboticcounterpartstomake?
IsaacAsimovevadedthewholenotionofmoralityindevisinghisthreelawsofrobotics,whichholdthat1.Robotscannotharmhumansorallowhumanstocometoharm;2.Robotsmustobeyhumans,exceptwheretheorderwouldconflictwithlaw1;and3.Robotsmustactinself-preservation,unlessdoingsoconflictswithlaws1or2.TheselawsareprogrammedintoAsimov'srobots—theydon'thavetothink,judge,orvalue.Theydon'thavetolikehumansorbelievethathurtingthemiswrongorbad.Theysimplydon'tdoit.
TherobotwhorescuesSpooner'slifeinI,RobotfollowsAsimov'szerothlaw:
robotscannotharmhumanity(asopposedtoindividualhumans)orallowhumanitytocometoharm—anexpansionofthefirstlawthatallowsrobotstodeterminewhat'sinthegreatergood.Underthefirstlaw,arobotcouldnotharmadangerousgunman,butunderthezerothlaw,arobotcouldkillthegunmantosaveothers.
Whetherit'spossibletoprogramarobotwithsafeguardssuchasAsimov'slawsisdebatable.Awordsuchas"harm"isvague(whataboutemotionalharm?
Isreplacingahumanemployeeharm?
),andabstractconceptspresentcodingproblems.TherobotsinAsimov'sfictionexposecomplicationsandloopholesinthethreelaws,andevenwhenthelawswork,robotsstillhavetoassesssituations.
Assessingsituationscanbecomplicated.Arobothastoidentifytheplayers,conditions,andpossi