同达英语 改错专题.docx

同达英语 改错专题.docx

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同达英语改错专题

专项训练之改错

名词，形容词，副词的误用

一.名词的误用

在短文改错题中常考名词的数的误用。

可数名词大多数都有单数和复数两种形式，复数形式分为规则的和不规则的。

1.规则名词

（1）大多数名词的复数形式直接在名词后加-s，以o,s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词，在词尾加-es（但有些以o结尾的名词只加-s即可，例如kilo-kilos,piano-pianos,bamboo-bamboos）

2.不规则名词

man-men,foot-feet,mouse-mice,etc.

3.单复数同型的名词

Chinese,Japanese,aircraft,sheep,deer,means,series,species.

4.合成名词的复数形式

将其中包含的主体名词变复数，如sister-in-law:

sisters-in-law;passer-by:

passers-by.

中间没有连字符的合成词变复数通常把最后一个词变为复数，如bookshelf:

bookshelves

由man,woman构成的复合名词变为复数时，两个词通常都要变成复数，如womandoctor-womendoctors;manservant-menservants.

5.单数形式表示复数意义的词

cattle,herd,police,people

6.常以复数形式出现的词

trousers,scissors,glasses,jeans,surroundings,arms,thanks,memoirs,movies,news

7.含有特殊意义的名词复数形式

papers,goods,times,customs,manners,works,profits

二.形容词和副词的误用

在短文改错中，此类误用即该用形容词的地方用了副词，该用副词的地方用了形容词。

要避免这种错误的发生则须记清词性，学会分析句中的修饰部分和被修饰部分为何种词性。

例：

Themealsmellsbadly.–Themealsmellsbad.

Hisworkishighthoughtofbythecritics.–Hisworkishighlythoughtofbythecritics.

Exercise

1.Thegovernmentalsoaffectsthekindofworkspeopledo.

2.Ifseemsthattheprogressesofmanincludesarisingvolumeofnoise.

3.Hesaysweliveinathrowawaysociety;inotherword,wasteisbuildingup,andwereallyneedtofindawaytosolvethis.

4.Eventhequietofourcarefulprotectedwildernessareascanbeinvadedatanymomentbyapassingjet.

5.Youcanalsobuythoseenvironmentalresponsibleproducts-trytouseproductsthatdonotcontainchemicalsthatcandoharmtotheenvironment.

Keys:

1.works改为work.works是复数形式，表示著作，work单数形式表示工作。

根据句意，应该用工作这种意思，应用单数。

2.progresses改为progress。

在句中是泛指的进步，应该用单数。

3.word改为words.固定用法，inotherwords，换句话说。

4.careful改为carefully.后面的protected是形容词，要用副词carefully.

5.environmental改为environmentally.后面的responsible是形容词，需要副词修饰。

代词的误用

1.指代错误

代词的主要功能是指代前面已经出现过的名词，词组，因此代词的出现必须与前面所指代的内容相一致，否则就出现了指代不明的现象。

例如：

Thewidespreaduseofsuchelectricalappliancesmeansthatthereisaneedforservicementokeepitrunningproperly.

it应改为them

2.关系代词的误用

这类错误主要发生在定语从句中，主要是that与what,which与as,who的误用等，特别要注意的是what的用法，that引导的主语从句及同位语从句的用法，以及介词加which引导的非限定性定语从句的用法。

例如：

Inthe18thcentury,farmworkandlifewerenotmuchchangedfromthattheyhadbeeninolddays.that应改为what

Jimwascleverandwillingtohelpothers,forwhathewasoftenpraisedbyotherpeople.

what改为which

3.形式代词it与this,that的误用

当it作形式主语或形式宾语时，常误用this,that等代词。

例如：

HewillfindthisimportanttolearnEnglishwell.this改为it

Exercise：

1.Theonlythingwhichmattersistogetoutoftheburninghouse.

2.Hetriedtostandonhishandsfortwentyminutes,thatisratheradifficultthingtodo.

3.IdreamedofthehousewhichIwasbornandbroughtup.

4.Wearegoingtomeetalotofdifficultiesinthenearfuture,butIbelievewewillovercomeit.

5.SheistheonlyonewhomIbelieveisreallyinterestedinphysics.

6.Theanimalbodymustbeprovidedwithfuel,itiscalledfood,andwhichfurnishedtheenergyoftheanimal.

7.Moneydoesnotnecessarilymeanhappiness,becausepeoplecouldnotbuylovewithmoneyandmayfeelunhappywithoutit.

8.Itisoneofhispeculiaritiesthatnoincidenteverhappenstohimthatwithoutteachinghimsomevaluablelesson.

9.Mychildrenattendedasmallelementaryschooltothattheyhadtowalkeverydaypossiblyforafewmiles.

10.Consideringthegreatneedforimprovingmanyaspectsoftheglobalenvironment,oneissurelyjustifiedinhisconcernforthemoneyandresourcesthattheyarepouredintothespaceexplorationefforts.

Keys:

1.which改为that

在限定性定语从句中，如果先行词是all或者不定代词，或者有all,none,little,few,much,only等词语，形容词的最高级形式或序数词作修饰语时，用that而不用which.

2.that改为which

在非限定性定语从句中，只能用which,who（m）和whose,而不能用that.

3.在which之前加in

Which和that都可以在从句中作介词的宾语，但只有which可以紧跟在介词后面。

4.it改为them

代词it的误用。

此句中被指代部分是复数名词difficulties,因此要使用人称代词的复数形式。

5.whom改为who

whom是宾格形式，不能作主语。

在本句中Ibelieve是插入成分，whoisreallyinterestedinphysics是修饰one的定语从句，who在其中充当主语。

6.去掉and

It的误用与关系代词的误用。

由句子结构入手，由于and不能连接独立句和从句，因为应改为which引导非限定性定语从句，和后面的定语从句并列，修饰fuel.

7.it改为love

指代错误。

此句中it既可以指代money,也可以指代love,造成歧义。

改正该错误的关键是要理清句子的逻辑结构。

8.划掉happenstohim后的that

it作形式主语，第一个that引导了一个主语从句，第二个that后的介词短语可以直接作状语，没有必要使用连接词。

9.that改为which

介词后表示事物的关系代词要用which而不能用that。

10.将they删掉

that在句中引导定语从句，并充当从句的主语，指代money和resources.

冠词的误用

Exercise:

1.DoctorBrundtland,headoftheWHO,saysanumberofleprosycasesaroundtheworldhasbeencutofninetypercentduringthepasttenyears.

2.Instead,patientscantakethatiscalledamulti-drugtherapy.

3.Thefast-growingpopulation’sdemandforfood,hewarned,wouldsoonexceedtheirsupply,leadingtowidespreadfoodshortagesandstarvation.

4.Washingmachinesdojobsthatwereoncedonebythehand.

5.Thistendencyoftechnologytomakeworkerssuperfluousbutatsametimeallowingtheirnumberstogrowsolargeisdecreasingpsychologicaltensions.

6.Anideathatlearningaforeignlanguageishardworkisrealizedbyeverystudent.

7.AattackonIraqisexpectedtoseethefirstuseofhigh-powermicrowaveweapons.

8.Mysonworksinthetown.

9.Theteacherandwriterareinthedrawing-room.

10.Heslappedherinherface.

Keys:

1.anumberof中的a改为the

anumberof表示很多，大量的，而句中要表示的是患麻风病的数量在过去10年里减少了90%，thenumberof表示的是“。

。

。

的数量”，所以用thenumberof.

2.that改为what

从句中差主语

3.their改为its

4.去掉bythehand中的the

byhand:

“手工”

5.在atsametime中at后加上the

6.an改为the

7.A改为An

8.去掉the

固定用法，短语intown,outoftown,gototown,downtown等中都没有冠词。

9.are改为is或者把writer改为thewriter

10.her改为the

表示接触或打击身体某一部分时往往要用定冠词。

e.g.:

Hehitherontheeyes.

Hepulledtheboybythehand.

Hehasapaininthearm.

介词的误用

Exercise:

1.WeshouldadaptourselveslivingintheSouth.

2.Despiteforthesnow,shemanagedtogotowork.

3.Tomwasblindofhisownfault.

4.Thiscountryisrichatminerals.

5.Heremindedmethetimeofthemeeting.

6.Shewasdeafofhisrequesttodoherwork.

7.Thesurgeonoperatedathimforappendicitis.

8.Somefoolcrashedtomefrombehindatthetrafficlights.

9.Risingfromtheseat,myhusbanddrankfrothehealthofhisparents.

10.Thelittlegirljoinedwithusinsingingthesong.

Keys:

1.in改为to

2.划掉for

3.划掉ofblindof是固定短语，表示“瞎”，而句意应为“对…不察觉”

4.at改为in

5.在me和the之间加入of

6.of改为todeaftosth.表示对某事听不进去

7.at改成on

8.to改为into

9.for改为todrinkto,为什么干杯，固定用法

10.with改为in

连接词的误用

1.Thoughsheisveryyoung,butsheknowsalotabouttheworld.

2.Mylittlesisteristooyoungthatshecan’tdressherself.

3.Idon’tknowifornotsheisateacher.

4.Theplanehadnosoonerlandedwhenthepeoplerantowardit.

5.WhileIgottothestation,Ifoundthebushadalreadyleft.

6.Increasingly,overthepasttenyears,peoplehavebecomeawareoftheneedtochangetheireatinghabit,becausemuchofthefoodtheyeatisnotgoodfortheirhealth.However,therehasbeenagrowninterestinnaturalfoods:

foodswhichdonotcontainchemicaladditivesandwhichhasnotbeenaffectedbychemicalfertilizerswidelyusedinfarmingtoday.

7.Inthesamewaythatachildmustbeabletomovehisarmsandlegsbeforehecanlearntowalk,thechildmustphysiologicallybecapableofproducingandexperiencingparticularemotionsaftertheseemotionscanbemodifiedthroughlearning.

8.Childhoodmaycertainlybefairlyhappy,anditsgreatestmomentscan’tcomparewiththesheerjoyofbeingandadult.Whohasaskedasix-year-oldforanopinion?

Childrendon’thaveopinions,oriftheydo,nobodynotices.

9.AttheheightoftheIceAge,between33,000and30,000B.C.,muchoftheworld’swaterwascontainedinvastcontinentalicesheets.Inaddition,theBeringSeawashundredsofmetersbelowitscurrentlevel,andalandbridge,knownasBeringia,emergedbetweenAsiaandNorthAmerica.

10.Misersareoftenlonelyandobscuremenwhosewealthisrevealedonlyaftertheirdeath.JosephNollekens,moreover,wasapopularsculptorwithmanyfriendsandwasknowntopossessalargefortune.Yethelivedthelifeofapauper.

Keys:

1.去掉but

2.too改为so

3.if改为whether

4.when改为than

5.while改为when

6.However改为Consequently

7.after改为before

8.and改为but

9.inaddition改为asaresult

10.moreover改为however

反义词，形近词，义近词的误用

1.Sincetherewereplentyofotherworkerstotakeherjob,shewaslikelytobehiredifaskedformoremoney.

2.Bloodpressuredrugsdefinitelyhelpsomepeopleliveafteraheartattack;thereforethesesamedrugsmaybebothnecessaryandharmfulforthosewithonlymildbloodpressureproblems.

3.Needlesstosay,thebiggertheriskaninsurancecompanytakes,thelowerthepremiumyouhavetopay.

4.Manyofushaveformedonerealisticpictureoflifeonadesertisland.Lifethereissimpleandgood.Ripefruitfallsfromthetreesandyouneverneedtowork.Butinfactlifeonadesertislandistheopposite.

5.Wealllovecheerfulcompanionbutwejustforgetthatcheerfulnessisahabitwhichcanbeformedbyall.Wefinditeasytobecheerfulwhenweareintrouble.Itrequiresgreatcourage.

6.Heisforevertalkingaboutthefriendlypeople,thecleanatmosphereandtheclosenesstonatureinhishometown.Buthisstoryisonlyonepartofthepicture.HesayseverythingaboutthelongandfriendlesswintereveningsinfrontofTV-theonlyformofentertainment.

7.Xi’an,capitalofShanxiprovince,willbesuppliedwithlesswaterthissummer.WaterfromtheShitouheRiver,140kilometerswestofXi’an,isplannedtoflowintothecityinnearlyJune,adding350,000tonsofwaterperdayforindustrialuse.

8.Universitycostsaregoingdownalot:

privateuniversitieshavebecomemoreexpensivebecausethegovernmentdoesnothelptheprivateschools.

9.Practiceisthekeyto