定语从句基础学案.docx
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定语从句基础学案
定语从句
（一）
Ⅰ.基本概念
1．什么叫定语从句？
在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，它的作用相当于形容词。
① Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.
② AcouchpotatoisapersonwhospendslotsoftimewatchingTV.
③ Azooisaplacewhereyoucanseeallkindsofanimals.
④ Afatcatisamanwhoisveryrichinabigcity.
⑤ Idon’tbelievethenewswhichhetoldme.
⑥ ---Whydidn’tyouanswermyphonelastnight?
---Oh,thatwasthetimewhenIwastakingabath.
⑦ Thereasonwhyhewaslateforclasswasthatheoverslept.
⑧ I’dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.
2.什么叫先行词？
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
3.什么叫关系词？
它们的分类？
它们的功能是什么？
连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词分关系代词和关系副词。
关系词有三大功能：
①指代先行词 ②引导定语从句 ③在定语从句中充当某一成分
先行词若在从句中充当主语，宾语或表语，则用关系代词引导；若在从句中充当状语，则用关系副词引导。
4.定语从句的位置
往往直接位于先行词的后面。
有时先行词和定语从句间有某些成分，这是由于句子结构的需要
5．引导定语从句的关系词分为两类
①关系代词：
that，which,whose（指代物）；who,whomwhose（指代人）
as/which（引导非限制性定语从句）
②关系副词：
when,where,why
Ⅱ.关系代词：
A.找出下列复合句中的主句，定语从句，先行词，关系代词，关系代词指代什么?
在定语从句中充当什么成分？
并译成中文。
① Thefilmwhichwesawlastnightwaswonderful.
② Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.
③ Thegirlwhowonthefirstprizeismysister.
④ Thepersonwhomtheywantedtovisitisamillionaire.
⑤ Thebookthatheboughtlastweekisveryinteresting.
⑥ Yesterdaywewenttotheschoolthatyouvisitedlastmonth.
⑦ Iknowaladywhosehusbandisawriter.
⑧ Thedictionarywhosecoverisredismine.
注意点：
各个关系代词的用法
关系词
指代人，物
在定语从句中充当的成分
that
人，物
主，宾，表
which
物
主，宾
who
人
主，宾，表
whom
人
宾，表
whose
人，物
定（……的）
as
人，物
主，宾，表
★ 如果关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语或表语，可以省略
B．用关系代词who,whom,that,which,whose填空
①Theearthquake__________shookthecityin1906wasthebiggestinAmericanhistory.
②Thehouse________isbuiltonsandmayfalldowninanearthquake.
③Aclockisamachine__________tellspeoplethetime.
④Luckily,noneofthepeople__________Iknowwerekilled.
⑤Theboy_________fatherisateacherisveryclever.
⑥That’sthechild_________drawingwelookedatjustnow.
⑦Sheisnotthesamelady___________wemetintheclothesshopyesterday.
⑧Doyoubelievesuchstories__________ourteachertoldusjustnow?
C．选择题
①Wevisitedthefactory__________makestoysforchildren.
A.where B.which C.inwhich D.atwhich
②I’llneverforgettheplace______Ivisitedtenyearsago.
A.where B.that C.inwhich D.what
③Thefilm________lastnightwaswonderful.（多选）
A.whichwesaw B.thatwesaw C.whichwasshown D.thatwasshown
④Thegirl_______youmetjustnowisveryinteresting.（多选）
A.which B.that C.whom D.who
⑤Thereisamountain____topisalwayscoveredwithsnow.
A.ofthat B.whose C.it’s D.that
⑥Thecarranoveradogandaboy___werejustcrossingthestreet.
A.who B.whom C.that D.which
⑦Thestudent________isathree-goodstudent.（多选）
A.whoseparentsdied B.whoyoumet
C.whomyoumet D.whoweweretalkingabout
⑧Iwanttoseeandthankthewoman_____helpedme.（多选）
A.who B.that C.which D.whoseson
D. 把两个简单句合并成一个定语从句
eg.Doyoulikethebike?
Myunclegaveittome.
Doyoulikethebikewhichmyunclegaveittome?
（×）
Doyoulikethebikewhichmyunclegavetome?
（√）
注意：
两个简单句合并为定语从句时，先行词不可重复出现
① Thegirlisnothere.Sheisgoingtosingasong.
② Themanisrich.Heisworkinginthefactory.
③ Theschoolisabigone.Theschoolstandsneartheriver.
④ Haveyouansweredtheletter?
Yougotthelettertwoweeksago.
⑤ Theboystudentisveryyoung.Hewonthegame.
⑥ He’llmeethisdaughter.Hehasn’tseenherforyears.
⑦ Myuncleboughtthebikelastweek.Thebikehasbeenstolen.
⑧ Howistheman?
Yousawhimyesterdayafternoon.
⑨ Don’tbuyanyofthevegetables.Theyselltheminthemarket.
⑩Thepenisveryold.Ilentittoyouthismorning.
⑪ Thehouseisveryold.Itswindowsfacesouth.
⑫ Thegirlworksveryhard.Herfatherisadoctor.
E.Translation
①你们想见的那个学生已经来了。
②这是一本人人感兴趣的书。
③鸟是一种能飞的动物。
④我上周买的那支钢笔很便宜。
⑤封面是红色的那本字典是我的。
⑥她就是上次英语演讲比赛中获一等奖的那个女孩。
定语从句
（二）
定语从句中关系代词使用的注意点：
● that指物时，一般都可以和which互换使用。
但在下列情况下，只用关系代词that
1. 当先行词是不定代词，如something,anything,everything,nothing,little,few,much,all,theone,后面的关系代词只能用that.
① Ihavenevertakenanythingthatishers.
② ItoldhimallthatIknow.
③ Hegavehereverythingthathehad.
④ IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?
⑤ Thereisnotmuchthatcanbedone.
2.先行词被every,any,no,all,just,theonly,thevery等修饰时只能用that.
①Ihavereadallthebooksthatyougaveme.
②Youcantakeanybookthatyoulike.
③Everydictionarythatourlibraryboughtisgood.
④ Thisistheverybook（that）Iwanttobuy.
⑤RoseistheonlyflowerthatIlike.
3.先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时只能用that.
① ThisisthefunnieststorythatIhaveeverheard.
② Thefirstclassthathegavewasveryinteresting.
③ ThefirstplacethatIwanttovisitisTianAnMenSquare.
4.先行词既有人又有物时，只能用that.
Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.
5. 当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时，只能用that,以避免重复。
① Whoistheboythatwasherejustnow?
② Whichisthebookthatyouboughtlastweek?
6. 当先行词在定语从句中作表语时，只能用that.
Thevillageisnolongertheonethatitusedtobe.
●当who与that都指代人时，只用who而不用that的情况
1．当先行词是anyone,one,ones，all,（指人时）
①Allwhoheardthenewswereexcited.
②Anyonewhobreakstherulewillbepunished.
2.当先行词为those,people时，多用who
①Thosewhowanttogopleaseputupyourhands.
②Peoplewhocanseesometimesactjustasfoolishly.
3.在非限制性定语从句中须用who
Tom’sfather,whoisoversixty,stillworkshard.
4.在被分隔的定语从句中须用who
AnewteacherwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.
5.在以therebe开头的句子中多用who
Thereisastrangerwhowantstoseeourheadmaster.
6.一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词是that,另一个须用who
Thestudentwhowaspraisedatthemeetingisthemonitorthatisverymodestandstudiesveryhard.
●which引导的定语从句
which在从句中作主语或谓语动词或介词的宾语，可指代主句整个概念，也可指代单个先行词
①Thisisthebookwhichyouwant.
② Thebuildingwhichstandsneartheriverisourschool.
③ Theroominwhichthereisamachineisworkshop.
④Shemarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.
which可以引导（非）限制性定语从句，可位于句中（尾），不能位于句首
只能用关系代词which而不用that的情况：
1.介词后面的关系代词若指代物，则只用which.
①Doyoustillrememberthehouseinwhichweusedtoplay?
②ThepenwithwhichIwrotethisarticleismissing.
2．引导非限制性定语从句时，又指代物时只能用which
3.先行词本身是that时
Thatwhichyouborrowedfrommewasn’tarealdiamondnecklace.
4．先行词指人的“性质，身份”而不是人时
①Sheisdressedinwhitelikeanurse,whichsheisnot.
②Helookedlikeanhonestman,whichhewas.
●whose引导定语从句应注意以下几点：
whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语
（误）That’sthechildwhosewelookedatdrawingjustnow.
（正）That’sthechildwhosedrawingwelookedatjustnow.
2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物
①MrKing,whoselegswerebadlyhurt,wasquicklytakentohospital.
②ItwasameetingwhoseimportanceIdidn’trealizeatthetime.
③Isawsometreeswhoseleaveswereblackwithdisease.
3.whose在定语从句中与它所修饰的名词一起作介词宾语，可以与介词放在先行词与从句之间
①ThebossinwhosedepartmentMrKingworkedhadheardabouttheaccident.
②Tom,onwhosebikeIwenttoschoolisafriendofmine.
4.whose的先行词指物时，可用ofwhich代替whose,但词序不同，即whose﹢名词＝the﹢名词﹢ofwhich
①ThenovelswhosetitleisRedandBlackisveryinteresting.（＝thetitleofwhich）
②Helivesintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.（＝thewindowofwhich）
Exercises:
① Thatistheonlybook________hehasborrowedfromthelibrarythisterm.
A.which B.that C.whom D.what
②Thisisthemuseum_________they’llvisittomorrow.
A.inwhich B.where C./ D.when
③Thefactory________ownerisfromShanghaiisverybig.
A.which B.where C.whose D.ofwhich
④All________isneededisplentyoftime.
A.thething B.that C.what D.which
⑤Heisthestudent______handwritingisthebestinourclass.
A.who B.whom C.whose D.that
⑥Everything_____wesawinthePalaceMuseumisverybeautiful.
A.that B.which C./ D.AandC
⑦Isthereanything_________youwanttosay?
A.which B.that C.who D.what
⑧Thelastplace______wevisitedwastheGreatWall.
A.which B.that C.where D.it
⑨Finallythethiefhandedovereverything____hehadstolen.
A.that B.which C.whatever D.all
⑩Thisistheverybook_______Iwanttoborrow.
A.that B.which C./ D.AandC
⑾Isthereanything________Icandoforyou?
A.that B.which C./ D.AandC
⑿Heistheonlyperson______Iwanttosee.
A.that B.who C./ D.allabove
⒀Thereisnotmuch________canbedone.
A.that B.which C./ D.Aand C
⒁Youcantakeanyseat_________isfree.
A.which B.where C.that D.inwhich
⒂Thatistheworstfilm_________I’veeverseen.
A.that B./ C.whose D.AandB
定语从句（三）
Ⅰ.关系副词when,where,why引导的定语从句
关系副词在定语从句中只能充当状语。
当修饰一个表示时间的名词时，常用关系副词when在定语从句中充当时间状语；当修饰一个表示地点的名词时，常用关系副词where在定语从句中充当地点状语；当修饰表示原因的名词时，常用关系副词why,在定语从句中充当原因状语。
关系副词在句中一般不能省略。
1．IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.
2．I’llnev
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