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学术英语课后答案unit2
学术英语课后答案--unit2
LT
Unit2SearchingforInformation
I.TeachingObjectives
Inthisunit,youwilllearnhowto:
1.searchforreliableandbettersourcematerialsforyourresearch
2.findyourinformationbyscanningandskimming
3.identifytopicsentencesforageneralideaintheparagraph
4.guesswordmeaningthroughcontextcluesandaffixes
5.readfastbyfollowingtheorganizationofthetext
6.beacriticalreader
7.takenoteseffectively
8.writeasummaryforwhatyouhaveread
9.enhancelanguageskillswiththehelpofthereadingandlisteningmaterialspresentedinthisunit
II.TeachingProcedures
1Findingreliableandbettersources
Task1
Answersmayvary.
Task2
Answersmayvary.
Task3
Answersmayvary.
2Scanningandskimming
Task1
1Artificialintelligence.
2Thearticlemayarguefor/againsttheideathatartificialintelligencewillreplacehumanjobsin
thefuture.
3Thestorytellsthatcomputerizationthreatenstoreplacemanywhite-collarjobs.
4Theauthorisoptimisticandmaynotagree
Task3
1Paragraph1
2Paragraph5to10
3Paragraph12to19
4Guessingwordmeaning
Task1
2immutable（Para.4,L2）:
不变的
Contextclues:
whorealizedthatspaceisnotanimmutablestageonwhicheventsplayout
3trampoline（Para.4,L4）:
蹦床，弹床
Contextclues:
respondingmuchasatrampolinedoestoajumpingchild
4malleable（Para.4,L5）:
有弹性和延伸性的
Contextclues:
Infact,somalleableisspacethat,accordingtothemath,thesizeoftheuniverse
necessarilychangeovertime.
5stayput（Para.4,L7）:
不动的
Contextclues:
Thefabricofspacemustexpandorcontact—itcan’tstayput.
6flewintheface（Para.5,L4）:
敢于违抗
Contextclues:
Itflewinthefaceoftheprevailingwisdom.
7stalemate（Para.6,L2）:
僵局
Contextclues:
Astaticsituation,likeastalemateinatugofwar
8repulsive（Para.6,L5）:
排斥的
Contextclues:
acounterbalancingforcewouldneedtoprovidearepulsivepush
9antigravity（Para.7,L2）:
排斥力
Contextclues:
antigravity—agravitationalforcethatpushesinsteadofpulls
10exodus（Para.8,L3）:
大批离开
Contextclues:
Andthebestexplanationforthiscosmicexoduscamedirectly.
11supernovae（Para.11,L2）:
由于爆炸而突然变亮的星
Contextclues:
distantsupernovae—explodingstarssobrillianttheycanbeseenclearacross
cosmos
12garner（Para.13,L5）:
获得、得到
Contextclues:
wouldhavegarneredhimanotherNobelPrize
13perplexing（Para.14,L5）:
令人不解的
Contextclues:
Perhapsmostperplexingofallisaquestionofquantitativedetail.
Task2
2unprecedented（Para.1,L1）:
un-precedented史无前例的
3self-replicating（Para.1,L6）:
self-replicating自我复制的
4diameter（Para.3,L2）:
dia-meter直径
5assembler（Para.10,L1）:
assembl-er装配器
6contaminant（Para.13,L3）:
con-taminant污染物
7non-renewable（Para.13,L6）:
non-renewable不可再用的
8foreseeable（Para.14,L2）:
foresee-able可预见到的
9exotic（Para.14,L2）:
exot-ic非本地，奇异的
10dissipate（Para.14,L6）:
dis-sipate消失
Task3
Derivatives
Affixesorroots
Meaning
MoreWords
1
multidiscipline
multi-
manyorseveral
Multicolormultistepsmultiformmultipurpose
2
nanotechnology
nano-
oneofathousandmillion
nanorobotnanomachine
nanoscopicnanostructure
3
convergence
verg
con-
inclineto
join
divergenceverge
concordconcourseconferate
4
construct
struct
buildormake
structurereconstruct
destructobstruct
substructure
5
manufacture
man-,
manu-
fact
byhand
make
manuscriptmanual
managemanipulate
factoryfacture
6
interdisciplinary
inter-
betweenoramongagroupofthingsorpeople
interplayinterweave
interdependentinteraction
7
insulator
insul-
protectsth.from
unpleasantknowledge
insulateinsularinsularity
peninsula
8
semiconductor
semi-
duct-
partlybutnotcompletely
lead
semiconscioussemiofficial
semitropicalconduct
induct
9
microprocessors
micro-
extremelysmall
microwavemicrocomputer
microscopemicrometer
10
simultaneouosly
simul-
incommon
simulatorsimulation
simultaneitysimulate
11
reverse
vers,
vert
turn
obversioninverse
subversionconvert
12
automatical
auto
Workbyoneself;relatingtooneself
automateautonomous
automobileautobiography
5Usingtheorganizationofthetext
Task1
organization
paragraphs
Introduction
Para.1
What
Thedefinitionofnanotechnology
nanotechnology
Para.2
nanometer
Para.3
nanoscale
Para.4
How
Thewaynanotechnologyworks
Paras.5-11
How
Theapplicationsofnanotechnology
medicalindustry
Para.12
environment
Para.13
otherfields
Para.14
conclusion
Para.15
Task2
1Thewriterdevelopshismainideasaboutglobalwarmingmainlythroughthestructureof
cause-and-effect.
2Thewriterillustratestheeffectsofglobalwarmingthroughthestructureofclassification.
3Theeffectsarearrangedfromthemostobvioustoleastobvious,andsignalwordsinclude:
the
mostprominenteffectofglobalwarming;anotherareaaffectedbyglobalwarming;athirdtype
ofevidenceofglobalwarming.
4Fourtypes.Theyarecarbondioxide,methane,nitrousoxideandchlorofluocarbons.
5Paragraph11followsthepatternofproblem-and-solution.Thesignalwordsare“acommonproblemthatarisesis”,“needstotakeactionnow”.
6Readingcritically
Task1
Thetoneofone’swritingindicatestheirfeelingsandattitudetowardthetopicbeingdiscussed.
Itrevealswhethertheyarebeingplayfulorserious,humorousorsomber,whethertheyareangry
ortranquil,bitterorconfident.Throughtone,theirattitudetowardwhattheyarewritingaboutand
theirrelationshiptotheirreadersbecomeclear.
Controllingtoneislargelyamatterofselectingwordsandsentences,andchoosingdetailssoas
toservethepurposeofwritingwell.Nowlet’sconsiderthefollowingsentenceswhichyouwrite
totelltwofacts:
ThesalesofvitaminEhavedoubledinthepastfiveyears.Theincreaseinsaleshasbeenhelped
bythestatementsfromhealthfoodenthusiastsanddoctors.
1Combinedintoasingleone,sentence1isimpartialintonebecauseitdoesn’trevealyour
attitude.Impartialandtonelesssentencesarewhatyouwanttowriteifyoueitherhaveno
opinionorwanttoseemfactualandobjective,ratherthanpersonalandsubjective.
2Strongintoneandclearinattitude:
sentence2reflectsyourbeliefthatvitaminEsaleshave
surgedbecauseofadeceptiveandmisleadingadvertisementcampaign.Ifyoufeelthesentence
istoostrong,tooopinionated,perhapsevenbiased,youmaysuggestyourfeelingsinsteadof
statingthemdirectly.
3Byusingthewords—freaksandquack,thisversioncanmakeyourreadersensenotonlyyour
reservationabouttheworthofthevitaminbutalsoyourcontemptofthosewhopromoteit.But
thetoneissostrongthatyourreadermayconsideritexaggeratedandmayevenquestionits
truth.
4Thisversionismoresuggestiveandlessexplicit,thoughyourattitudeisstillnegativebecause
“faddists”（unlikeenthusiasts）areawordwithunfavorableassociationsandbecauseclaims
“（unlikestatements）”encouragethereadertodoubttheirtruth.
5Byinsertingthedetailthatonlyafewdoctorsmakeclaimsforvitamin,theversionseemsbiased
asthetoneisstronger.
6Thephrase“somedoctors”impliesthatthereisanothergroupofdoctorswhohavemadeno
claimsforthevitaminandwhomayperhapsrejectsuchclaims.
7Theword“even”suggestsyoursurprisethatdoctors,whoshouldknowbetter,havemadesuch
foolishclaims,thusfurtherweakensthesupportofthedoctorswithoutmakingyourstatement
seemexaggeratedorbiased.
8,9Tonenotonlycanbecontrolledbythechoiceofwordsanddetailsbutalsobythechoiceof
structures.Sentence8and9maketheimpliedcriticismmoreforcefulasthenegativewordsor
phraseshavebeenmovedtotheirbeginningorendposition,thepositionwhichismore
emphaticforone’sopinion.
10,11,12Thethreesentencesarenotcriticalbutfavorableintonetowardtheincreasedsalesof
vitaminE,because“experts”seemmoretrustworthythan“enthusiasts”andboth“reports”and
“testimony”carrymoreweightthanmere“statements”.
13,14Thetwosentenceshaveapositivetonebecausethephrase“anumberofdoctors”sounds
moreimpressivethan“afew”or“somedoctors”.And“anumberofleadingdoctors”are
supposedtobemorereliable,thoughnotasreliableas“leadingmedicalauthorities”.
15,16,17Thethreesentencesarelessformalandmorepersonalthantheprevioussentencesas
thefirst-personview“I”isadoptedtopersonalizetheirtone.
18,19Thetwosentencesaremoreinformalasthecloserrelationshipbetweenyourselfandthe
readerisestablishedbyaskingquestions.
20,21Byaddressingthereaderas“you”,thesentencesaremoreinformalandpersonal.
22Theinformalityofyourwritingwillbeincreasedbycontractions,slang,andshort,simple
wordsinsteadoflonger,morecomplexones.
Task2
1Text9addressesreaderswithsomeknowledgeofglobalwarming,becausetheauthorargues
withstrongevidenceandreasons,quotingexpertsmorefrequentlyandtryingtobeimpartial
andimpersonalbychoosingmoreexactwording.OnthecontraryText10talkstogeneral
readers,evidencedbyusingmoredefinitionsandeasierlanguagesuchasfigurativespeech.Itis
anessaychargedwithstrongemotion.
2Text10.
3No.Text9illustratestheeffectsofglobalwarmingwithstrongevidenceandreasons,showing
thattheauthortriestobeobjectiveandimpersonal.
4No.Thesewordslackpreciseness.Text9triestobemoreobjective,quotingexpertsmore
frequentlyandavoidingsho
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