tqm全面质量管理.docx

tqm全面质量管理.docx

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tqm全面质量管理

tqm（全面质量管理）

全面质量管理

TQM（全面质量管理）全面质量管理/全面品质经营，综合质量管理专家的思想精髓，我们认为是一种全员、全过程、全企业的品质经营。

它指一个组织以质量为中心，以全员参与为基础，目的在于通过让顾客满意和本组织所有成员及社会受益而达到永续经营的管理途径TQM是1961年美国质量管理专家菲根保姆提出的。

核心理念

顾客满意：

顾客即供应所提供产品的接受者，可以是组织内部的，也可以是组织外部的。

附加价值：

用最小的投入获取最大的功能价值，追求组织最大的经营绩效和个人最大的工作绩效。

持续改善：

建立以PDCA回圈为基础的持续改善的管理体系

编辑本段中心思想

1。

高层管理的领导直接参与---全面品质管理，非要由高层管理直接领导不可。

通常需要由总经理亲自领导，由高层人员组成的小组来策划及推动。

传统意义的品质管理可通过授权给品质部门去进行，但全面品质管理则绝不能如此，必须由最高层的管理人员亲自统筹。

任何公司若不能做到此点，大概可以无须推行全面品质管理。

2。

全体员工上下一心、群策群力---这是很关键的一点。

要注意的是”上下一心”并非只是口号，而是必需条件。

这里说”上下一心”，至少包含了三方面的意思：

一是上下各级同事皆充分明了公司的目标、方向和策略；二是他们充分认同及投入；三是他们清清楚楚地知道公司能达致目标对他们会有什么好处，即是说，要能把公司的利益与各级员工的利益结合起来。

3。

具有竞争力的成本---这一点是全面品质管理的关键概念。

很多人有这样的一个错觉，以为推行全面品质管理，必是费用惊人，导致成本上升。

其实，绝大部分成功地推行了全面品质管理的企业，都是一方面为全面品质管理作了重大投资，提供更优质的产品或服务。

施乐机构是美国最瞩目的一个成功地推行了全面品质管理的公司，在推行过程中的首六年内，把生产成本降低了20%。

4。

提供高素质且不断改进之产品及服务---一方面要”高质素”，另方面要不断改进，尤其是后者，更是全面质量管理的焦点。

高质素的具体定义，当然要适应市场定位、顾客期望、竞争环境等因素来决定，但关键的一点，就是今天的高质素，并不代表明天仍是高质素，市场竞争的环境千变万化，若不能不断断改进，很快便会被人家追赶上来，或是被抛离得更远。

5。

在客户中建立优质及物有所值的良好声誉---若能做到上述四点，便很有机会达到这个境界。

顾客导向是全面品质管理的中心思想，推行全面品质管理的公司，都必须令全体员工深明此昧。

编辑本段工作程序

美国质量管理学家戴明提出了全面质量管理的基该方法和工作程序，他认为质量管理工作程序包括：

计划（计划）、实施（做）、检查（检查）、处理（行动）四个阶段周而复始运转，简称“PDCA循环”。

计划阶段包括四个步骤：

分析现状，找出质量问题；分析质量问题，找出影响质量因素；根据影响因素制定措施，提出改进计划，并预计计划效果；实施阶段是根据预计目标和措施，有组织的执行和实现质量控制；检查阶段是对计划执行情况进行检验，

Andfindthedeficiency;theprocessingphaseincludestwosteps:

summingupthesuccessfulexperienceandfailurelesson,andstandardizedthesuccessfulexperience,andputforwardthepreventionmeasuresoffailure.Theunresolvedproblemsshouldbetransferredtothenextcycle,asthenexttargetinmind.ThecharacteristicsofPDCAcycleis:

accordingtotheorder,byorganizingforce,cycle,continuouscycle;largeringring.Theenterprisequalitymanagementactivitiesisthebigring,variousdepartmentsanddepartmentsareindependentofthering;thespiralofqualitymanagementisnottostayinplace,butconstantlysumupandimprove.

EdittheTQMbasicprinciplesofthisparagraph

Economicprinciple:

TQM'sultimategoalistomeettheneedsofcustomersunderthepremiseofenterprisesshouldbeaddedvalueprincipleofcooperationtomaximizeTQMrequiresenterprisestomaintainclosecooperationofvariousdepartments,allstafftomaintaingoodcooperation,toensurethequalityoftheproductssoastoachievebettereconomicbenefit.Thesystemprinciple:

theenterpriseisasystemcomposedofmanyrelatedlinks,departmentsandelements.Therefore,TQMshouldbeanalyzedsystematicallyandsystematically,andmeasuresshouldbetakentosolvetheproblem

Editthebasiccontentofthisparagraph

Designprocessqualitymanagement

Thequalitymanagementofproductdesignprocessisthefirststepoftotalqualitymanagement,mainlyincludingmarketinvestigation,productdevelopment,productdesign,processpreparation,trialmanufactureandidentification.Themaincontentsare:

accordingtomarketresearch,designanddevelopproductqualityobjectives;organization,saleanduseofscientificresearch,design,technology,manufacturing,qualitydepartmentsinvolvedindeterminingthesuitabledesignproposal;ensurethequalityoftechnicaldocuments;dothestandardizationexaminationwork;supervisecompliancewiththedesignworktrialprogram.

Manufacturingprocessqualitycontrol

Themanufacturingprocessreferstotheprocessofdirectprocessingoftheproduct.Itisthefoundationofproductqualityformationandthebasiclinkofenterprisequalitymanagement.Thecontentofmanufacturingprocessqualitymanagementistoorganizequalityinspection,toorganizeandpromotecivilizedproduction,toanalyzethequalityoftheorganization,tocontrolthequalitytrends,tocontrolthequalityoftheorganizationalprocesses,andtoestablishthemanagementpoints.

Auxiliaryprocessqualitymanagement

Theauxiliaryprocessreferstotheprocessofprovidingvariousmaterialsandtechnicalconditionstoensurethenormaloperationofthemanufacturingprocess.Itincludesmaterialpurchasing,supply,powerproduction,equipmentmaintenance,toolmanufacture,warehousekeeping,transportationservice,etc..Themaincontentsare:

auxiliaryprocessmanagementimprovequalitymanagementinthesupplyofmaterialsprocurement,theprocurementofqualityassurance,strictinspectionandacceptanceofstoragematerials,qualityandquantity,toprovideallkindsofmaterialsneededforproduction;organizetheequipmentmaintenancework,maintaingoodtechnicalstatusofequipment;maketoolmanufactureandsupplyqualitymanagement.

Processqualitymanagement

Theuseprocessistheprocessoftestingtheactualqualityoftheproduct.Itisthecontinuationoftheinternalqualitymanagement,andalsothestartingpointandendpointoftheoverallqualitymanagement.Thebasictaskofusingprocessqualitymanagementistoimproveservicevolume（pre-salesandafter-salesservice）,ensuretheactualuseofproducts,andconstantlyurgeenterprisestostudyandimproveproductquality.Itsmaincontentsareasfollows:

tocarryouttechnicalservices;todealwiththequalityofexfactoryproducts;toinvestigatetheeffectsofproductuseanduserrequirements.

Editthebasicrequirementsofthisparagraph

Thewholeprocessofproductqualityrequirements:

thefinalisenterpriseproduction,anditistheguaranteefrommarketresearch,design,manufacturingtosalesoftheentireprocessoftheimplementationofeffectivecontrolandimplementationoftheservice.Alltherequirementsoftheenterprisequalitymanagementfunctionsaredistributedinvariousmanagement,thevariousfunctionaldepartments,sotheTQMrequirementsofenterprisemanagement,thevariousfunctionaldepartmentsresponsibleforqualitymanagementresponsibility,theclassoftheDepartmentstaffinrequirements:

becausetheproductqualityisacomprehensivereflectionofenterprisesinallsectorsandsegmentsandvariousemployeesalltheworkquality,sotheTQMrequirementsfromtheenterprisetopleadership,downtotheclassmanagement,

Evenfront-lineoperatorsshouldbeconcernedaboutthequalityoftheirproductsandparticipateinvariousqualitymanagementactivities.Therequirementsofthemanagementmethod:

thefactorsthataffectthequalityofproductsistheoneofthefactors,bothfactorsoftechnologyandmanagementfactors,bothinternalfactorsandexternalfactors,differentkindsshouldthereforepromotetheTQMenterprise,thepersonandthetime,usingavarietyofCircumstancesaltercases..Managementtechniquesandmethodsforeffectivecontrol.Thesignificanceofimprovingthequalityofproducts:

***tospeeduptheproductionprocessimproveproductdesign*staffmoraleandenhanceawarenessofqualityimprovementofproductscustomerserviceservice***markettoimprovetheacceptabilityoftheloweroperatingcosts**qualityreduceoperatinglossesreducesitemaintenancecostreduceaccidents*range:

thebasicdifferenceofthebasicprincipleofcomprehensivequalitymanagementandtheotheristheconcept,itemphasizesthatinordertoachieverealeconomicbenefits,managementmuststartwiththequalityidentificationofcustomerrequirements,customersatisfactionhasproductsonhishands.Totalqualitymanagementistocoordinatetheactivitiesofpeople,machinesandinformationinordertoachievethisgoal.Themainareasofactivitycanbedescribedusingthefollowingschematicdiagram:

Editthisparagraphtotalqualitymanagementprinciple

1.inthephrase"qualitycontrol"（QualityControl）,theword"quality"doesnothavethegeneralmeaningof"best"inabsolutesense.Qualityreferstotherequirementsthatarebestsuitedtoaparticularcustomer".Theserequirementsare:

theactualuseofA.products;thesellingpriceofB.products.2.inthe"qualitycontrol"isaphrase,theword"control"representsakindofmanagementmethod,includingfoursteps:

toestablishthequalitystandardofA.;theimplementationofB.standards;C.adoptedcorrectivemeasureswhenthedeviationfromthestandardD.toimprovethestandardplanarrangements.3.,thefactorsthataffectproductqualitycanbedividedintotwocategories:

A.technology,i.e.machine,materialandprocess;B.person,operator,teamleaderandotherpersonnelofthecompany.Ofthesetwofactors,humanfactorsaremuchmoreimportant.4.totalqualitymanagementisanimportantmeansofprovidingexcellentproductdesign,processingmethods,andseriousproductmaintenanceservices,whicharealwaysneededbyqualityproducts.5.,thebasicprincipleofqualitymanagementappliestoanymanufacturingprocess,becauseofthedifferententerprises,industry,scale,theuseofthemethodisslightlydifferent,butthebasicprincipleisstillthesame.Thedifferencebetweenmethodscanbesummarizedasfollows:

inmassproduction,thefocusofqualitymanagementisonproducts,andtheemphasisisoncontrolprocessesinsinglepieceandsmallbatchproduction.6.qualitymanagementrunsthroughallstagesoftheindustrialprocess.Thefirstistosendproductstousers,andinstallandfieldmaintenanceservices.7.toeffectivelycontrolthefactorsthataffectthequalityoftheproduct,itmustbecontrolledatallmajorstagesofproductionorserviceprocess.Thesecontrolsarecalledqualitymanagement（Jobofqualitycontrol）.Accordingtotheirnature,theycanbedividedintofourcategories:

A.,newdesigncontrol,B.materialcontrol,C.productcontrol,D.research.8.,establishingqualitysystemisoneofthemosteffectivemethodsandmeanstocarryoutqualitycontrolwork.9.qualitycostisameanstomeasureandoptimizetotalqualitymanagementactivities.10.intermsoforganization,overallqualitymanagementisthemanagementtoolusedtodelegateauthorityandresponsibilitytoachieveproductquality,whichn