考研英语一真题与详细解答.docx

考研英语一真题与详细解答.docx

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考研英语一真题与详细解答

2013年考研英语一真题

Directions:

　　Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

　　Peopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat__1__theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby__2___factors.ButDr.UriSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig__3___wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamlesofinformationtheywereworkingwith.__4___,hetheorisedthatajudge__5___ofapperaringtoosoft__6__crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison__7___hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoforcedcommunityserviceonthatday.

　　To__8__thisidea,heturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheory,the__9___ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers__10___randomlyforinterviewduringthesameday,butDr.Simonsohosuspectedthetruthwas__11___.

　　Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323MBAinterviews__12___by31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad__13___applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale__14___numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere__15___usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant’sscoreontheGranduateManagentAdimssionTest,orGMAT,astandardizedexamwhichis__16___outof800points,tomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorher.

　　Dr.Simonsohofoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone__17___that,thenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould__18___byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmall,butto__19___theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatecouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen__20___.

1.

[A]grants

[B]submits

[C]transmits

[D]delivers

2.

[A]minor

[B]objective

[C]crucial

[D]external

3.

[A]issue

[B]vision

[C]picture

[D]external

4.

[A]Forexample

[B]Onaverage

[C]Inprinciple

[D]Aboveall

5.

[A]fond

[B]fearful

[C]capable

[D]thoughtless

6.

[A]in

[B]on

[C]to

[D]for

7.

[A]if

[B]until

[C]though

[D]unless

8.

[A]promote

[B]emphasize

[C]share

[D]success

9.

[A]decision

[B]quality

[C]status

[D]success

10.

[A]chosen

[B]studied

[C]found

[D]identified

11.

[A]exceptional

[B]defensible

[C]replaceable

[D]otherwise

12.

[A]inspired

[B]expressed

[C]conducted

[D]secured

13.

[A]assigned

[B]rated

[C]matched

[D]arranged

14.

[A]put

[B]got

[C]gave

[D]took

15.

[A]instead

[B]then

[C]ever

[D]rather

16.

[A]selected

[B]passed

[C]marked

[D]introduced

17.

[A]before

[B]after

[C]above

[D]below

18.

[A]jump

[B]float

[C]drop

[D]fluctuate

19.

[A]achieve

[B]undo

[C]maintain

[D]disregard

20.

[A]promising

[B]possible

[C]necessary

[D]helpful

SectionIIReadingComprehension

　　PartA

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

　　Text1

　　Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn’taffecther,Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant’ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentsstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.

　　Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn’tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswiththefeverishwoulddescribedinOverdressed,EliazabethCline’sthree-yearindictmentof“fastfashion”.Inthelastdecadeorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&M,andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentrelease,andmoreprofit.Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable-meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat–andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.

　　Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera$5.95knitminiskirtinallits2,300-piusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wageoverseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountsofharmfulchemicals.

　　Overdressedisthefashionworld’sanswertoconsumer-activistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan’sTheOmnivore’sDilemma.“Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetisnon-durableandwasteful,”Clineargues.Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsayear–about64itemsperperson–andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadstowaste.

　　TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSarahKateBeaumont,whosince2008hasmadeallofherownclothes–andbeautifully.ButasClineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;herexamplecan’tbeknockedoff.

　　Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandtheenvironment–includingH&M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionline–Clinebelieveslastingchangecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.Sheexhibitstheidealismcommontomanyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan’taffordnotto.

　　21.Priestlycriticizesherassistantforher

　　[A]poorbargainingskill.

　　[B]insensitivitytofashion.

　　[C]obsessionwithhighfashion.

　　[D]lackofimagination.

　　22.AccordingtoCline,mass-maketlabelsurgeconsumersto

　　[A]combatunnecessarywaste.

　　[B]shutoutthefeverishfashionworld.

　　[C]resisttheinfluenceofadvertisements.

　　[D]shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently.

　　23.Theword“indictment”（Line3,Para.2）isclosestinmeaningto

　　[A]accusation.

　　[B]enthusiasm.

　　[C]indifference.

　　[D]tolerance.

　　24.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelaseparagraph?

　　[A]Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists.

　　[B]Thefast-fashionindustryignoressustainability.

　　[C]Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments.

　　[D]Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing.

　　25.Whatisthesubjectofthetext?

　　[A]Satireonanextravagantlifestyle.

　　[B]Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth.

　　[C]Criticismofthefast-fashionindustry.

　　[D]Exposureofamass-marketsecret.

Text2

　　Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted-thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescanaim“behavioural”adsatthosemostlikelytobuy.

　　Inthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhasillustratedthevaluetoadvertisersofsuchfine-grainedinformation:

Shouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedandsentbehaviouralads?

Orshouldtheyhaveexplicitpermission?

　　InDecember2010America'sFederalTradeCornmission（FTC）proposedaddinga"donottrack"（DNT）optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladwertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed.Microsoft'sInternetExplorerandApple'sSafaribothofferDNT;Google'sChromeisduetodosothisyear.InFebruarytheFTCandDigltalAdwertisingAlliance（DAA）agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespongingtoDNTrequests.

　　OnMay31stMicrosoftSetofftherow:

ItsaidthatInternetExplorer10,theversionduetoappearwindows8,wouldhaveDNTasadefault.

　　Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GetingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptracking,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso.UnabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehaviouraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwithMicrosoft’sdefault,somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway.

　　AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Atterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcomplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.IfitistryingtoupsetGoogle,whichreliesalmostwhollyondefaultwillbecomethenorm.DNTdoesnotseemanobviouslyhugesellingpointforwindows8-thoughthefirmhascomparedsomeofitsotherproductsfavourablywithGoogle'sonthatcountbefore.BrendonLynch,Microsoft'schiefprivacyofficer,bloggde:

"webelieveconsumersshouldhavemorecontrol."Coulditreallybethatsimple?

　　26.Itissuggestedinparagraph1that“behavioural”adshelpadvertisersto:

　　[A]easecompetitionamongthemselves

　　[B]lowertheiroperationalcosts

　　[C]avoidcomplaintsfromconsumers

　　[D]providebetteronlineservices

　　27.“Theindustry”（Line6,Para.3）refersto:

　　[A]onlineadvertisers

　　[B]e-commerceconductors

　　[C]digitalinformationanalysis

　　[D]internetbrowserdevelopers

　　28.BobLiodiceholdsthatsettingDNTasadefault

　　[A]manycutthenumberofjunkads

　　[B]failstoaffecttheadindustry

　　[C]willnotbenefitconsumers

　　[D]goesagainsthumannature

　　29.whichofthefollowingistureaccordingtoParagraph.6?

　　[A]DNTmaynotserveitsintendedpurpose

　　[B]AdvertisersarewillingtoimplementDNT

　　[C]DNTislosingitspopularityamongconsumers

　　[D]Advertisersareobligedtoofferbehaviouralads

　　30.Theauthor'sattitudetowardswhatBrendonLyn