Investigation of an autonomous hybrid solar thermal ORCPV RO desalination system The Chalki islan.docx

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InvestigationofanautonomoushybridsolarthermalORCPVROdesalinationsystemTheChalkiislan

Aprimeroncomputationalsimulationincongenitalheartdiseasefortheclinician  OriginalResearchArticle

ProgressinPediatricCardiology,Volume30,Issues1-2,December2010,Pages3-13

IreneE.Vignon-Clementel,AlisonL.Marsden,JeffreyA.Feinstein

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Abstract

Interestintheapplicationofengineeringmethodstoproblemsincongenitalheartdiseasehasgainedincreasedpopularityoverthepastdecade.Theuseofcomputationalsimulationtoexaminecommonclinicalproblemsincludingsingleventriclephysiologyandtheassociatedsurgicalapproaches,theeffectsofpacemakerimplantationonvascularocclusion,ordelineationofthebiomechanicaleffectsofimplantedmedicaldevicesisnowroutinelyappearinginclinicaljournalswithinallpediatriccardiovascularsubspecialties.Inpractice,suchcollaborationcanonlyworkifbothcommunitiesunderstandeachother'smethodsandtheirlimitations.Thispaperisintendedtofacilitatethiscommunicationbypresentinginthecontextofcongenitalheartdisease（CHD）themainstepsinvolvedinperformingcomputationalsimulation—fromtheselectionofanappropriateclinicalquestion/problemtounderstandingthecomputationalresults,andallofthe“blackboxes”inbetween.

Weexaminethecurrentstateoftheartandareasinneedofcontinueddevelopment.Forexample,medicalimage-basedmodel-buildingsoftwarehasbeendevelopedbasedonnumerousdifferentmethods.However,noneofthemcanbeusedtoconstructamodelwithasimple“clickofabutton.”Thecreationofafaithful,representativeanatomicmodel,especiallyinpediatricsubjects,oftenrequiresskilledmanualintervention.Inaddition,informationfromasecondimagingmodalityisoftenrequiredtofacilitatethisprocess.Wedescribethetechnicalaspectsofmodelbuilding,provideadefinitionofsomeofthemostcommonlyusedtermsandtechniques（e.g.meshes,meshconvergence,Navier-Stokesequations,andboundaryconditions）,andtheassumptionsusedinrunningthesimulations.Particularattentionispaidtotheassignmentofboundaryconditionsasthispointisofcriticalimportanceinthecurrentareasofresearchwithintherealmofcongenitalheartdisease.Finally,examplesareprovideddemonstratinghowcomputersimulationscanprovideanopportunityto“acquire”datacurrentlyunobtainablebyothermodalities,withessentiallynorisktopatients.

Toillustratethesepoints,novelsimulationexamplesofvirtualFontanconversion（frompreoperativedatatopredictedpostoperativestate）andoutcomesofdifferentsurgicaldesignsarepresented.Theneedforvalidationofthecurrentlyemployedtechniquesandpredictedresultsarerequiredandthemethodsremainintheirinfancy.Whilethedailyapplicationofthesetechnologiestopatient-specificclinicalscenarioslikelyremainsyearsaway,theeverincreasinginterestinthisareaamongbothcliniciansandengineersmakesitseventualusefarmorelikelythaneverbeforeand,somecouldargue,onlyamatterof[computing]time.

ArticleOutline

1.Introduction

2.Generalprocessfromclinicalinputtocomputersimulationresults

2.1.Selectionofaclinicalcase

2.2.Fromimagingdatatogeometricfilesreadablebyanumericalsolver

2.3.“Runningsimulations”:

frompreprocessingtounderstandableresults

3.Boundaryconditions:

asensitivelinktoclinicaldata

3.1.Whatisaboundaryconditionandwhereshoulditbeplaced?

3.2.Whyareproperboundaryconditionsneeded?

3.3.Howtoincorporateclinicaldatainboundaryconditions?

3.3.1.Inletboundaryconditions

3.3.2.Outletboundaryconditions

3.3.3.Couplingofthemodelwiththeentirecirculation

3.3.4.Numericalchallenges

4.Stepstowardspredictivemodeling

4.1.Validationoftheresultswithclinicaldata

4.2.AnexampleofvirtualFontanconversion:

frompreoperativedatatopredictedpostoperativestate

4.3.Predictingtheoutcomeofdifferentsurgicaldesigns

5.Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

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InoculationAgainstFalls:

RapidAdaptationbyYoungandOlderAdultstoSlipsDuringDailyActivities  OriginalResearchArticle

ArchivesofPhysicalMedicineandRehabilitation,Volume91,Issue3,March2010,Pages452-459

Yi-ChungPai,TanviBhatt,EdwardWang,DeborahEspy,MichaelJ.Pavol

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Abstract

PaiY-C,BhattT,WangE,EspyD,PavolMJ.Inoculationagainstfalls:

rapidadaptationbyyoungandolderadultstoslipsduringdailyactivities.

Objective

Todeterminewhetheragingdiminishesone'sabilitytorapidlylearntoresistfallsonrepeated-slipexposureacrossdifferentactivitiesofdailyliving.

Design

Quasi-experimentalcontrolledtrial.

Setting

Twouniversity-basedresearchlaboratories.

Participants

Young（n=35）andolder（n=38）adultsunderwentslipsduringwalking.Young（n=60）andolder（n=41）adultsunderwentslipsduringasit-to-standtask.All（N=174）werehealthyandcommunitydwelling.

Intervention

Low-frictionplatformsinducedunannouncedblocksof2to8repeatedslipsinterspersedwithblocksof3to5nonsliptrialsduringthedesignatedtask.

MainOutcomeMeasures

Theincidenceoffallsandbalanceloss.Dynamicstability（basedoncenterofmasspositionandvelocity）andlimbsupport（basedonhipheight）300msaftersliponset.

Results

Understrictlycontrolled,identicallow-frictionconditions,allparticipantsexperiencedbalanceloss,butolderadultswereovertwiceaslikelyasyoungtofallonthefirst,unannounced,novelslipinbothtasks.Independentofageortask,participantsadaptedtoavoidfallsandbalanceloss,withmostadaptationoccurringinearlytrials.Bythefifthslip,theincidenceoffallsandbalancelosswaslessthan5%and15%,respectively,regardlessofageortask.Reductionsinfallsandbalancelossforeachtaskwereaccomplishedthroughimprovedcontrolofstabilityandlimbsupportinbothagegroups.Arapidlyreversibleage-andtask-dependentwaningofmotorlearningoccurredafterablockofnonsliptrials.Adaptationtowalkslipsreachedasteadystateinthesecondslipblockregardlessofage.

Conclusions

Theabilitytorapidlyacquirefall-resistingskillsonrepeated-slipexposureremainslargelyintactatolderagesandacrossfunctionalactivities.Thus,repeated-slipexposuremightbebroadlyeffectiveininoculatingolderadultsagainstfalls.

ArticleOutline

Methods

Participants

ExperimentalSetups

ExperimentalProtocol

DataCollectionandAnalysis

Statistics

Results

InitialAdaptation

WaningandRelearning

Discussion

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

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Asecuremediastreamingmechanismcombiningencryption,authentication,andtranscoding  OriginalResearchArticle

SignalProcessing:

ImageCommunication,Volume24,Issue10,November2009,Pages825-833

LuntianMou,TiejunHuang,LongsheHuo,WeipingLi,WenGao,XilinChen

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Abstract

TechnologyadvancementsareallowingmoreandmorenewmediaapplicationsandservicestobedeliveredovertheInternet.Manyoftheseapplicationsandservicesrequireflexibilityinmediadistributionaswellassecurityinprotectingtheconfidentialityofmediacontentandensuringitsauthenticity.However,achievingflexibilityandachievingsecurityareconventionallyconflictingwitheachother.Thisismainlybecausethatsecurityistraditionallyimplementedinamedia-unawaremannerthatnaturallypreventsflexiblehandlingofthemediacontentduringitsdistribution.Thispapershowsthatthetwogoalscanbesimultaneouslyaccomplishedbymakinganoverallplanandtakingintoconsiderationallthefactors:

coding,encryption,packetization,authentication,andtranscoding.Itemphasizessenderauthentication,whichisabigsecurityissueformediastreaming,butsomehowleftunresolved.Weproposeasecuremediastreamingmechanismwhichsupportsmedia-awareencryption,senderauthenticationandsecuretranscoding.MultimediaApplicationRoutingServer（MARS）isespeciallyusedasanintelligentmid-networkproxywiththeabilitytoperformtasksofsenderauthenticationandsecuretranscoding.AprototypesystemforsecurelystreamingAVSmediausingMARSdemonstratestheperformance,thusprovesthepracticalityoftheproposedsecuremediastreamingmechanism.

ArticleOutline

1.Introduction

2.Relatedworks

2.1.Adaptivestreaming

2.2.Securestreaming

2.3.Secureandadaptivestreaming

3.Asecuremediastreamingmechanism

4.MARSP2P:

asecuremediastreamingsystemforAVS

5.Experimentalresults

6.Conclusionsandfuturework

Acknowledgements

References

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Aruralhydrogentransportationtestbed  OriginalResearchArticle

InternationalJournalofHydrogenEnergy,Volume34,Issue14,July2009,Pages6000-6004

JohnW.Sheffield,UmitO.Koylu

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Abstract

TheMissouriUniversityScienceandTechnology（MissouriS&T）,throughahydrogeninternalcombustionenginevehicleevaluationparticipationagreementwiththeFordMotorCompany,isintheprocessofestablishingacommuter