完整word版lesson 11 The Future of the English.docx

完整word版lesson 11 The Future of the English.docx

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完整word版lesson11TheFutureoftheEnglish

习题全解　

Ⅰ.

　Priestley:

JohnBoyntonPriestley,Englishnovelist,dramatistandcritic,wasbornon13.Sept.1894,inBradford,Yourkshire.HewasthesonofaschoolmasterandservedintheBritisharmyduringWorldWar1.AftertheendofthewarheattendedCambridge,wherehestudiedEnglishliterature,modernhistory,andpoliticalscience.Alreadypublishing,hewasabletofinanceagooddealofhisschoolingbysellingarticlestoLondonandprovincialnewspapers.In1922hewenttoLondon,"wherehesoonestablishedhimselfasacritic,essayistandnovelist.DuringWorldWarⅡ,Priestleywonahugelisteningaudiencewithhistrenchant,down-to-earthradiobroadcasts.In1929,TheGoodCompanions,anovelaboutthejoysandsorrowsofthemembersofarepertorycompanyinthenorthofEnglandappearedandwasenormouslypopularinbothGreatBritainandAmerica.In1930PriestleypublishedthealmostequallysuccessfulAngelPavement,whosecharactersworkedinasmallbusinessfirminLondon.Thesewerefollowedbyothernovels:

TheyWalkintheCity（1936）,TheDoomsdaymen（1938）,LetthePeopleSing（1939）,andFestivalatFarbridge（1951）.Thesenovels-long,oftensentimental,packedwithlivingcharacterstestifytoPriestley'sastoundingpowerofobservation,tohisnarrativegifts,andtohiscraftsmanship.HehasmaintainedthegreattraditionoftheEnglishpi-caresquenovelwithdistinction.Priestleyalsowonrecognitionwithhisworksthatcombineautobiographicalmatterwithastuteleft-of-centersocialcriticism,suchasEnglishJourney（1934）,RainuponGad-shill（1939）,ThoughtsintheWilderness（1957）,andTheEnglish（1973）.Priestleybeganhiscareerasaplaywrightin1932withDangerousCornerwhichhassubsequentlybeenperformedallovertheworld.ItssuccessencouragedPriestleytoorganizeacompanyforwhichhewroteplaysofaconsistentlyhighdramaticstandard.AmongthemwerethecomediesLaburnumGrove（1933）andWhenWeAreMarried（1938）.Priestleyalsowroteserious"metaphysical"dramasTimeandtheConways（1937）,IHaveBeenHereBefore（1938）,JohnsonoverJordan（1939）,andAnInspectorCalls（1945）.Priestleyhasperhapsidentifiedhimselfmoresuccessfullythananyothernovelistinthefirsthalfofthe20thcenturywiththethoughtsandfeelingsoftheordinaryEnglishman,abeingwhosecharacterheoutlineswithvigorandgoodhumor.

Ⅱ.

　1.EverythingthathappensinEnglandisdirectedandinfluencedbyinstinctivefeelingandnotrationalthought.

　2.TherearefewerCommunistsorneo-orpotentialfascistsinEnglandthanthereareinmostothercountries.MurderousencounterswiththepoliceorbloodystreetbattlesdonotoccurinEngland.FromthesefactsPriestleyconcludestherearefewerfanaticalbelieversamongtheEnglish.

　3.HeisreferringtosomeshopstewardsandwealthyemployerswhohavelosttheirEnglishness.

　4.PriestleyputsforwardfiveorsixpointstoshowthattheEnglisharedifferent:

1）ItisinstinctivefeelingandnotrationalthoughtthatshapesandcoloursactualeventsinEngland.

2）TheEnglishdonotfeelathomeinthecon-temporaryworld,representingtheaccelerateddevelopmentofourwholeage.Theyaresuspiciousoflargeness,severeefficiencyandAdmass.

3）TheEnglisharealsodeeplysuspiciousofchangeforchanges’sake.

4）TheEnglishcansoonfeelboredand.that'swhytheygambleandboozesomuchandenjoyanydramaticchangeinpubliclife.

5）TheEnglishhaveasenseofcommunity,decentfellowfeeling,fairness.

6）TheEnglishareatheartandatrootanimaginativepeopleimmediatelyresponsivetoanysuggestionofdramaintheirlives.

　5.Admassstandsforruthlesscompetitiveness,treatingmensimplyasaproducerandconsumerandplayingupondissatisfaction,greedandenvy,whileEnglishnessstandsfortheinvisibleinnerworld,offeringstatesofmind.Theout-comeofthisbattlebetweenAdmassandEnglishnesswilldecidethefutureoftheEnglish.

　6.ThefutureoftheEnglishmaybeshapedbythedecisionofthenowvacillatinghugetradeunions.Itwillbeshapedbytheroletheydecidetoplay.TheymustcomedowndecisivelyeitheronthesideofAdmassorthatofEnglishness.

　7.ThefollowingpeoplehaverejectedAdmass:

1）workersinsmallish,well-managedandhonestenterprises,

2）crustyHighTorieswhoavoidtheCityanddirectors'fees,

3）menandwomenintheprofessionalclasses.Thelastgroupofpeoplearethemostimportantfortheyarearticulateandpeoplearereadytolistentothem.IfthebattlewithA&masscanbewon,itwillprobablybethesemenandwomenwhowillhelpEnglishnesstowinit.

　8.PriestleydividestheEnglishyoungintotwogroups.Heisdubiousaboutthenoisytypes,theylackindividualitytostanduptoAdmass.Hehasmorefaithinthequieteryoung,whomayhavecomeundertheinfluenceofsomematureprofessionalmenandwomen.They-too,mighthelptoswingthebattle.

　9.Thesloppypeopleareeasytogetalongwith,rarelyunkind,buttheyarenotdependable;theyareinept,shiftless,slovenly,andmessy.Theylackself-discipline,acceptingnoresponsibility,skimpingtheworktheyaresupposedtobedoing,cheatingnotonly"thebosses",thecapitalists,buteventheirneighbors.

　10.Thereiswidespreadboredominallheavilyindustrializedsocietiesnotsimplybecausesomuchoftheworktheyofferisboring.Itisalsobecause,afterhavingshatteredtheslowrhythms,thetraditionalskills,thecloselyknitcommunitiesofrumsocieties,theycrowdpeopletogether;excitethembylargepromisesthatcannotbekept,sodrivethemintoboredom.WhentheEnglishareboredtheygambleandboozealot.Theyenjoyanydramaticchangeinpubliclife,anynewsthatencouragesexcitedtalk.Boredteenagers,whohavenotbeenabletouseupenoughenergyduringthedayturnatnighttoidiotvandalism.Later,ifboredomhardensintofrustration,someofthemtaketocrime.

　11.OtherelementsapartfromboredomhavebroughtaboutdishonestyandviciouscriminalityinEngland,Thereistryingtogetrichbyanymeans;thereisthefalsenotionthattheworldowesyousomethingwhileyouoweitnothing;thereisnofearofpunishmentinlifeorafterdeathaslongasyouarenotfoundout;andthereisthefeelingthatlifeismeaninglessandpurposeless.

　12.Priestleyconsiderspoliticsveryimportant.Ifhonestpeopleignorepolitics,thensomeunscrupulousdictatormayseizepowerandexercisehistyrannyoverthepeople.

Ⅲ.

　1.Yes,thereare.Suchas:

stuff,shop,cozy,nudge,theCity,safetosay,takeawhipto,shrugoff,alongtheway,'etc.

　2.1）Thedominantintentionorthecontroversialtopic（thesis）ofhisargumentisstatedearlyinparagraph1inonesuccinctsentence:

"TheEnglisharedifferent”.

　2）No.Priestleydoesnotprovidesufficientevidencetosupporthisposition,norishisreasoningonsomepointslogicallysound.Hencenotallhisissuesorconflictsareresolved.Thisisaratherinformalpieceofargument,'sothewriterdoesn’tmarshalenoughevidencetoprovehispoints.InfactheappealsmoretotheemotionsofhisEnglishreadersthantotheirreasontodrivehomehispointofview.

　4.Seetheanswerto3.

　5.1）Seetheanswerto3.

2）Yes,there'resomefallacies.Forexample,inhisfirstissuehestatesthatitisinstinctivefeelingandnotrationalthoughtthatshapesandcolorsactualeventsinEngland.Tosupportthispointofview,PriestleystatestherearefewerfascistsinEnglandthaninmanyothercountries.Fromthisthereaderconcludesmorefascistsaretobefoundincountrieswhererationalthoughtandnotinstinctivefeelingshapesandcolorsactualevents.Butonefailstofindthelogicalconnectionbetweenrationalthoughtandfascism.Furthermore,onehastoacceptPriestiey’sstatementthattherearefewerfascistsandfanaticalbelieversinEnglandwithoutanysupportingevidenceorproof.

　6.Seetheanswerto3.

Thereaderismovedbythesincerityandintensityofthefeelingsofthewriterandfeelsthatthewriter,perhaps,hastherightinstinctivefeelingofwhattheEnglisharelike.Priestley’ssmoothandpolishedstylemakestheessayapleasuretoread.

　7.Students’choice.

Ⅳ.

　1.TheEnglishpeoplemayhotlyargueandabuseandquarrelwitheachotherbuttherestillexistsalotofnaturalsympatheticfeelingforeachother.

　2.Whatthewealthyemployerswouldreallyliketodoistowhipalltheworkerswhomtheyconsidertobelazyandtroublesomepeople.

　3.Therearenotmanysnarlingshopstewardsinthework-shop,noraretheremanycruelwealthyemployersontheboardofmanagers（orgoverningboardofafactory）.

　4.ThecontemporaryworlddemandsthateverythingbedoneonabigscaleandtheEnglishdonotlikeortrustbigness.

　5.Atleastonthesurface,whenEnglishnessisputagainstthepowerandsuccessofAdmass,Englishnessseemstoputuparatherpoorweakperformance.

　6.Englishnessisnotagainstchange,butitbelievesthatchangingjustforchangingandfornootherusefulpurposetobeverywrongandharmful.

　7.ToregardcarsandmotorwaysasmoreimportantthanhousesseemstoEnglishnessapublicstupidity~

　8.ImustfurthersaythatwhileEnglishnesscangoonfighting,thereisagreatpossibilityofAdmasswinning.

　9.Englishnessdrawsitsstrengthfromareservoirofstrongmoralandethicalprinciples,andsoonitmaybeaskingforstrengthwhichthisreservoirofprinciplescannotsupply.

　10.Thesepeopleprobablybelieve,asIdo,thatthe'GoodLife'promisedbyAdmassisfalseanddishonestinallrespects.

11.Theycanbefoundtoothoughtherearenotmanyofthemnowbecausethes