公共英语五级考试试题三十五.docx

公共英语五级考试试题三十五.docx

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公共英语五级考试试题三十五

公共英语五级考试试题（三十五）

一、ReadingComprehension（共15小题,共15.0分）Readthefollowingthreetexts．AnswerthequestionsoneachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD．

第1题

Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyherotostay.Thismeansweshallhavetomakewaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.

Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomeprimaryquestionsaboutthefutureofwork.Wouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?

Wouldwenotratherencouragemanyotherwaysforself-respectingpeopletowork?

Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?

Shouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,ascentersofproductionandwork?

Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople'sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecoalingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadauntingthought.But,infact,itcouldprovidetheprospectofabetterfutureforwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.

Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople'shomes.Later,astransportationimproved,firstbyrailandthenbyroad,peoplecommutedlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,eventually,manypeople'sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplaceinwhichtheylived.

Meanwhile,employmentputwomenatadisadvantage.Inpre-industrialtime,menandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunity.Nowitbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttobepaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamilytohiswife.Taxandbenefitregulationsstillassumethisnormtodayandrestrictmoreflexiblesharingofworkrolesbetweenthesexes.

Itwasnotonlywomenwhoseworkstatussuffered.Asemploymentbecamethedominantformofwork,youngpeopleandoldpeoplewereexcluded—aproblemnow,asmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedatschoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.Allthismaynowhavetochange.Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheidealistgoalofcreatingjobsforall,totheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfulltimejobs.

Researchcarriedoutintherecentopinionpollsshowsthat

Aavailableemploymentshouldberestrictedtoasmallpercentageofthepopulation.

Bnewjobsmustbecreatedinordertorectifyhighunemploymentfigures.

Cavailableemploymentmustbemorewidelydistributedamongtheunemployed.

Dthenowadayhighunemploymentfiguresareatruthoflife.

【正确答案】：

D

【本题分数】：

1.0分

第2题

Thearrivaloftheindustrialageinourhistoricalevolutionmeantthat

Auniversalemploymentvirtuallyguaranteedprosperity.

Beconomicfreedomcamewithineveryone'scontrol.

Cpatternsofworkwerefundamentallychanged.

Dpeople'sattitudestoworkhadtobereversed.

【正确答案】：

C

【本题分数】：

1.0分

第3题

Theenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmeantthat

Apeoplewerenolongerlegallyentitledtoownland.

Bpeopleweredriventolookelsewhereformeansofsupportingthemselves.

Cpeoplewerenotadequatelycompensatedforthelossoftheirland.

Dpeoplewerebadlypaidfortheworktheymanagedtofind.

【正确答案】：

B

【本题分数】：

1.0分

第4题

Theeffectsofalmostuniversalemploymentwereoverwhelminginthat

Athehouseholdandvillagecommunitydisappearedcompletely.

Bmennowtravelledenormousdistancestotheirplacesofwork.

Cyoungandoldpeoplebecamesuperfluouscomponentsofsociety.

Dtheworkstatusofthosenotinpaidemploymentsuffered.

【正确答案】：

D

【本题分数】：

1.0分

第5题

Thearticleconcludesthat

Athecreationofjobsforallisanimpossibility.

Boureffortsandresourcesintermsoftacklingunemploymentareinsufficient.

Cpeopleshouldbeginsupportingthemselvesbylearningapracticalskill.

Dweshouldhelpthosewhosejobsareonlypart-time.

【正确答案】：

A

【本题分数】：

1.0分

第6题

Throughouthistorytherehavebeenmanyunusualtaxesleviedonsuchthingsashats,beds,baths,marriages,andfunerals.AtonetimeEnglandleviedataxonsunlightbycollectionfromeveryhouseholdwithsixormorewindows.Andaccordingtolegend,therewasaTurkishrulerwhocollectedataxeachtimehedinedwithoneofhissubjects.Why?

Topayforthewearandtearonhisteeth!

Differentkindsoftaxeshelptospreadthetaxburden.Anyonewhopaysataxissaidto"beartheburden"ofthetax.Theburdenofataxmayfallmoreheavilyonsomepersonsthanonothers.Thatiswhythethreelevelsofgovernmentinthiscountryuseseveralkindsoftaxes,liftsspreadstheburdenoftaxesamongmorepeople.Fromthestandpointoftheiruse,themostimportanttaxesareincometaxes,propertytaxes,salestaxes,andestate,inheritance,andgifttaxes.Someareusedbyonlyonelevelofgovernment;othersbyorevenallthreelevels.Togetherthesedifferenttaxesmakeupwhatiscalledourtaxsystem.

Incometaxesarethemainsourceoffederalrevenues.Thefederalgovernmentgetsmerethanthree-fourthsofitsrevenuefromincometaxes.Asitsnameindicated,anincometaxisataxonearnings.Bothindividualsandbusinesscorporationspayafederalincometax.

TheoldesttaxintheUnitedStatestodayisthepropertytax.Itprovidesmostoftheincomeforlocalgovernments.Itprovidesatleastapartoftheincomeforallbutafewstates.Itisnotusedbythefederalgovernment.

Asalestaxisataxleviedonpurchases.MostpeoplelivingintheUnitedStatesknowaboutsalestaxessincetheyareusedinallbutfourstates.Actuallythereareseveralkindsofsalestaxes,butonlythreeofthemareimportant.Theyaregeneralsalestaxes,excisetaxes,andimporttaxes.

Otherthreecloselyrelatedtaxesareestate,inheritance,andgifttaxes.Everythingapersonowns,includingbothrealandpersonalproperty,makesuphisorherestate.Whensomeonedies,ownershipofhisorherpropertyorestatepassesontooneormoreindividualsororganizations.Beforethepropertyistransferred,however,itissubjecttoanestatetaxifitsvalueexceedsacertainamount.

ThereasonthattheTurkishrulercollectedadiningtaxistopayfor

Atheinconvenienceforhimtoputonandtakeoffclothes.

Bthedamagethateatingdidtohisteeth.

Chiseffortstocutthefoodintopieces.

Dthedecayofhisteethbecauseofsugar.

【正确答案】：

B

【本题分数】：

1.0分

第7题

Thegovernmentleviesdifferentkindsoftaxessothat

Atherichhavetopaymoreandthepoorless.

Bawiderrangeoftaxpayerscanbeincluded.

Ceachofthreelevelsofgovernmentcouldgottaxmoney.

Dtheburdenoftaxesfallsevenlyoneverybody.

【正确答案】：

D

【本题分数】：

1.0分

第8题

Thefederalgovernmentgetmostoftheirincomefrom

Apropertytax.

Bincometax.

Csalestax.

Destatetax.

【正确答案】：

B

【本题分数】：

1.0分

第9题

HowmanystateslevyimporttaxesintheU.S.A.?

A4

B50

C46

D54

【正确答案】：

C

【本题分数】：

1.0分

第10题

Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottree?

AAnyformofpropertyissubjecttoanestatetaxwhentransferred.

BPropertytaxprovidesapartofincomeforlocalgovernment.

CThereareafewkindsofsalestaxes.

DIndividualsandcorporationsbothpayincometaxes.

【正确答案】：

A

【本题分数】：

1.0分

第11题

WorldleadersmetrecentlyatUnitedNationsheadquartersinNewYorkCitytodiscusstheenvironmentalissuesraisedattheRioEarthSummitin1992.TheheadsofstateweresupposedtodecidewhatfurtherstepsshouldbetakentohaltthedeclineofEarth'slife-supportsystems.Infact,thismeetinghadmuchtheflavouroftheoriginalEarthSummit.Towit:

emptypromises,hollowrhetoric,bickeringbetweenrichandpoor,andirrelevantinitiatives.ThinkU.S.Congressinslowmotion.

Almostobscuredbythistorporisthefactthattherehasbeensomeremarkableprogressoverthepastfiveyears—realchangesintheattitudeofordinarypeopleintheThirdWorldtowardfamilysizeandadawningrealisationthatenvironmentaldegradationandtheirownwell-beingareintimately,andinversely,linked.Almostnoneofthis,however,hasanythingtodowithwhatthebureaucratsaccomplishedinRio.

Oritdidn'taccomplish.OneitemontheagendaatRio,forexample,wasarenewedefforttosavetropicalforests.（ApreviousUN-sponsoredinitiativehadfallenapartwhenitbecameclearthatitactuallyhasteneddeforestation.）AfterRio,aUNworkinggroupcameupwithmorethan100recommendationsthathavesofargonenowhere.Oneproposedforestrypactwoulddolittlemorethanimmunizingwood-exportingnationsagainsttradesanctions.

AnefforttodraftanagreementonwhattodoabouttheclimatechangescausedbyCO2andothergreenhousegaseshasfaredevenworse.BlockedbytheBushAdministrationfromsettingmandatorylimits,theUNin1992calledonnationstovoluntarilyreduceemissionsto1990levels.Severalyearslater,it'sasifRiohadneverhappened.AnewclimatetreatyisscheduledtobesignedthisDecemberinKyoto,Japan,butgovernmentsstillcannotagreeontheselimits.Meanwhile,theU.S.produces7%moreCO2thanitdidin1990,andemissionsinthedevelopingworldhaverisenevenmoresharply.Noonewouldconfusethe"Rioprocess"withprogress.

Whilegovernmentshaveditheredatapacethatcouldmakedriftingcontinentsimpatient,peoplehaveacted.Birth-ratesare