大学六级模拟571.docx

大学六级模拟571.docx

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大学六级模拟571

大学英语6级考试预测试题3

PartⅠWriting

Directions:

Forthispart.youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledHowtoCultivateTeamSpirit?

Youshouldwriteatleast150words.followingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

1．闭队精神对人的成长至又重要

2．但现在许多人缺乏闭队精神

3．在我看来……

HowtoCultivateTeamSpirit?

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PartⅡReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）

Depression

Inbed,youtossandturn,unabletogetagoodnight'ssleep.Youfeelanxiousandworried.There'splentytodo,buttheworkpilesupbecauseyoufeellistlessandtired.Youdon'tevenwanttodoanythingfun.Friendstellyouto"pullyourselftogether,"butyoufeelhelplessandhopeless.Youhavedifficultyconcentratingandmakingdecisions.Whenyoulookinthemirror,youhateyourself.Youaredefinitelyinoneoflife'svalleys—youaredepressed.

Everyonegetsthebluesonceinawhile.Emotionallowsandhighsareanormalpartoflife.Thebluesbecomedepressionwhenyoufeelsosleepyandlistlessthatyoucan'tfunctionnormallyineverydaylife.

TypesofDepression

Depressioncanrangefromamildpanictoself-destructiveorsuicidalbehavior,It'simportanttounderstandthevarioustypesofdepressionsothatyoucanrecognizethem.

Depressionoccursatallages,althoughmajordepressiveepisodespeakbetweentheagesof55and70inmenand20and45inwomen.Abouthalfofthosewhoexperienceanepisodeofmajordepressionwillhaveanotherwithintwoyears.Forsomepeople,episodesofdepressionareseparatedbyseveralyears,whileotherssuffergroupsofepisodesoverashorttimespan.Betweenepisodes,suchindividualsfeelwell.

Majordepressivedisorderaffectsapproximately14.8millionAmericanadults—or6.7percentoftheU.S.populationaged18yearsandolder—inagivenyear.Majordepressivedisorderismorecommoninwomenthaninmen.Althoughtreatmentcanhelpmorethan80percentofpeoplewithseveredepression,mostpeoplewithdepressiondonotseektreatment.

●Reactivedepression.Thistypeofdepressionisareactiontostressfulevents—divorce,deathofalovedone,achronicillness,apersonaltragedy,orevensocialisolation,whichtheelderlyfrequentlyexperience.Thepersonisunabletorecovernormallyfromthefeelingsassociatedwiththeevent.Commonfeelingsincludeself-pity,pessimism,andlossofinterestinlife.Itaffectspeopleofallages.

●SeasonalAffectiveDisorder（SAD）.Ifyouliveinthenorthernlatitudesandsufferdepressionduringthewintermonths,youmaysufferfromseasonalaffectivedisordercausedbyalackofexposuretosunlight.Doctorsaren'tsureexactlywhatphysiologicalmechanismsareatworkinSAD,buttheyspeculatethatdepressedfeelingsandothersymptomsmaybeduetoanincreaseinthereleaseofthehormonemeltonin.SADsufferersfeellethargicandirritable.Theymayalsosufferfromchronicheadaches,increasedappetite,weightgain,andanincreasedneedforsleep.Forunknownreasons,SADistrulya"woman'sdepression,"inthatwomenmakeup70percentto80percentofthoseaffected.SinceabouthalfofallSADsufferershaverelativeswhoalsosufferfromSADorotheremotionalproblems,researchersspeculatethattheproblemmaybeinherited.

●Biochemicaldepression.Doctorsaren'tsurewhy,butsomepeopledevelopabiochemicallybaseddepressionsometimeduringmidlife.It'slikelythatthistypeofdepressioniscausedbybiochemicalproblemswithinthebrain.Theproblemusuallyrespondswelltoantidepressantmedication.Youmaybemorelikelytodevelopthistypeofchemicaldepressionifothermembersofyourfamilyhavealsosufferedfromthisproblem.

●Diseaseordrug-relateddepression.SomediseasessuchasAIDS,stroke,chronicpain,andhypothyroidism（甲状腺功能减退）cancausedepression.Inhypothyroidism,thethyroidgland（甲状腺）malfunctions,leadingtotoolittleornothyroidhormonecirculatinginthebloodstream.Inadditiontodepression,othersymptomsofhypothyroidismincludefatigue,weakness,weightgain,impairedmemory,andshortnessofbreath.Fortunately,thedepressionandothersymptomsofhypothyroidismcanbeeffectivelytreatedwithadequatedosesofthyroidhormone.

Certaindrugssuchasalcohol,tranquilizers（镇定剂）,andheartandbloodpressuremedications,aswellaswithdrawalfromsomestreetdrugslikecocaine,cancausedrug-relateddepression.Somewomenwhotakebirthcontrolpillsfindthedrugsmakethemirritable,anxious,anddepressed.Andadeficiencyinsomenutrientshasbeenlinkedtodepression.

●Teenagedepression.Recognizingdepressioninchildrenisimportant.Depressioninteenagersmayappearsomewhatdifferentfromadultdepression.Theteenageyearsareaperiodofcomplicatedconflictsthatleadmanyyoungpeopletodevelopnegativeself-esteem,anxieties,andfearsabouttheirfuture.Someyoungpeoplebecomeoverwhelmedbypeerpressuresandfeelingsofisolationandpowerlessness.Socialexpectationsmaybeunrealistic,anddoingpoorlyinschoolcanleadtoafeelingofrejection.Theyoungpersonmayhaveexperiencedalackofsupportfromfamilyandothersignificantpeopleandadecreaseinhisorherabilitytocopeeffectively.（Asisthecaseforadults,treatmentfordepressioninteenagersmayinvolveacombinationoftherapies.）CausesofDepression

Depressionmayberelatedtomanyfactors,includingafamilyhistoryofdepression,medicalillnesses,alcohol,drugs,gender,andage.Additionally,anindividual'sself-confidence,personalitytraits—suchasdependencyonothersorperfectionism—andunrealisticexpectationsmayleadtodepression.Stressfulevents,suchasdeathofaspouseorlossofajob,alsocontributetodepression.Manypeoplewithmajordepressionalsosufferfromintenseanxiety.

●TheoriesofDepression.Therearemanytheoriesaboutthecausesofdepression.Thesociallearningtheory,suggeststhatlackofpositivereinforcementfromothersmayleadtonegativeself-evaluationandapooroutlookforthefuture.Thepsychoanalytictheory,suggeststhatasignificantloss（suchasofaparent）orawithdrawalofaffectioninchildhood（whetherrealorperceived）mayleadtodepressioninlaterlife.Interpersonaltheoryemphasizestheimportanceofsocialconnectionsforgoodmentalhealth.Othertheoriessuggestthatunrealisticexpectationsofoneselfandothersandlossofsell-esteemareessentialcomponentsleadingtodepression.

Someindividualsmaybebiologicallypredisposedtodepression;inotherwords,theymayhavebeenbornwithatendencytodevelopdepression.Researcherscontinuetoinvestigatechemicalreactionsinthebodythatarecontrolledbythesegenes.Depressionoftenrunsinfamilies.Forexample,ifoneidenticaltwinsuffersfromdepression,theothertwinhasa70percentchanceofalsohavingtheillness.

●EnvironmentalInfluences.Researchersviewdepressionastheresultofinteractionbetweenenvironmentalandbiologicalfactors.Depressioncanbeendogenous（internallycaused）orexogenous（relatedtooutsideevents）.Majorchangesinone'senvironment,suchasamoveorjobchange,oranymajorloss,suchasadivorceordeathofalovedone,canbringondepression.Feelingdepressedinresponsetothesechangesisnormal,butwhenitbecomesaseverelongtermcondition（longerthanonemonth）andinterfereswitheffectivefunctioning,itrequirestreatment.

Someenvironmentalfactorsrelatingtodepressionincludebeingunemployed,poor,elderly,oralone.Depressionchangesone'swayoflookingatordinarylifecircumstances.Adepressedpersontendstoexaggeratenegativeaspects,whichleadstofeelingsofhopelessness,helplessness,andbeingoverwhelmed.

SymptomsofDepression

Howdoyourecognizesymptomsofdepressioninyourselfandothers?

Peoplewhosufferfromdepressionhaveanumberofsymptomsnearlyeveryday,allday,toratleasttwoweeks.Depressedpeoplehavefeelingsofextremesadness,hopelessness,despair,lowself-worth,andhelplessness.Forsomepeople,depressionismarkedbyanxiety,withdrawalfromothers,lossofsleeporexcessiveneedforsleep,constantfatigue,lossofappetiteorcompulsiveeating,lossofsexualdesire,eitherlethargyoragitation,aninabilitytoconcentrateandmakedecisions,andpossiblyexaggeratedfeelingsofguilt.

Manydepressedindividualshavementalandphysicalsymptomsthatseemendlessanddonotgetbetterwithhappyeventsorgoodnews.Somedepressedpeoplearesodisabledbytheirconditionthattheydon'thaveenoughenergytocallafriend,relative,ormedicalprofessionalforhelp.Ifanotherpersoncallsforthem.thesepeoplemayrefusetogobecausetheyhavenohopethattheycanbehelped.However,familyandfriendsshouldkeeptryingtogetthedepressedpersontoseekhelp,becauseupto15percentofthosewhosufferfromsevereclinicaldepressioncommitsuicide.

1.Majordepressiveepisodeshappentowomenearlierthanmen.

2.Peoplewhosufferfromgroupsofdepressiveepisodesfeelbadallthetime.

3.Alargepercentageofseveredepressioncanherelievedortreatedbutinreality,mostofthemarenotseriouslytaken.

4.Peoplewhosufferfromthereactivedepressionareverypossiblyunabletoleadanormallife.

5.DoctorsassumethatSeasonalAffectiveDisordermightoccurwhenthereisahigherdegreeofreleased______.

6.Somemiddle-agedpeopletendtosufferfromBiochemicaldepressionwhichmightresult