Oracle Database 11g Release 2 RAC On Oracle Linux 5.docx

Oracle Database 11g Release 2 RAC On Oracle Linux 5.docx

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OracleDatabase11gRelease2RACOnOracleLinux5

OracleDatabase11gRelease2RACOnOracleLinux5.8UsingVirtualBox

ThisarticledescribestheinstallationofOracleDatabase11grelease2（11.264-bit）RAConOracleLinux（5.864-bit）usingVirtualBox（4.2.6）withnoadditionalshareddiskdevices.

Note.I'vepurposelyleftthisasan11.2.0.1installationasthisversionisdownloadablefrom OTN withouttheneedforaMyOracleSupport（MOS）CSI.Theprocessworksjustaswellfor11.2.0.3,whichyoucandownloadfromMOS.

∙Introduction

∙DownloadSoftware

∙VirtualBoxInstallation

∙VirtualMachineSetup

∙GuestOperatingSystemInstallation

∙OracleInstallationPrerequisites

oAutomaticSetup

oManualSetup

oAdditionalSetup

∙InstallGuestAdditions

∙CreateSharedDisks

∙ClonetheVirtualMachine

∙InstalltheGridInfrastructure

∙InstalltheDatabase

∙ChecktheStatusoftheRAC

Relatedarticles.

∙OracleDatabase11gRelease2（11.2.0.3.0）RACOnOracleLinux6.3UsingVirtualBox

∙OracleDatabase11gRelease2RACOnWindows2008UsingVirtualBox

Introduction

OneofthebiggestobstaclespreventingpeoplefromsettinguptestRACenvironmentsistherequirementforsharedstorage.Inaproductionenvironment,sharedstorageisoftenprovidedbyaSANorhigh-endNASdevice,butbothoftheseoptionsareveryexpensivewhenallyouwanttodoisgetsomeexperienceinstallingandusingRAC.AcheaperalternativeistouseaFireWirediskenclosuretoallowtwomachinestoaccessthesamedisk（s）,butthatstillcostsmoneyandrequirestwoservers.Athirdoptionistousevirtualizationtofakethesharedstorage.

UsingVirtualBoxyoucanrunmultipleVirtualMachines（VMs）onasingleserver,allowingyoutorunbothRACnodesonasinglemachine.Inaddition,itallowsyoutosetupsharedvirtualdisks,overcomingtheobstacleofexpensivesharedstorage.

Beforeyoulaunchintothisinstallation,hereareafewthingstoconsider.

∙Thefinishedsystemincludesthehostoperatingsystem,twoguestoperatingsystems,twosetsofOracleGridInfrastructure（Clusterware+ASM）andtwoDatabaseinstancesallonasingleserver.Asyoucanimagine,thisrequiresasignificantamountofdiskspace,CPUandmemory.

∙Followingonfromthelastpoint,theVMswilleachneedatleast2GofRAM（3Gfor11.2.0.2onward）,preferably4Gifyoudon'twanttheVMstoswaplikecrazy.Asyoucansee,11gR2RACrequiresmuchmorememorythan11gR1RAC.Don'tassumeyouwillbeabletorunthisonasmallPCorlaptop.Youwon't.

∙ThisprocedureprovidesabarebonesinstallationtogettheRACworking.ThereisnoredundancyintheGridInfrastructureinstallationortheASMinstallation.Toaddthis,simplycreatedoubletheamountofshareddisksandselectthe"Normal"redundancyoptionwhenitisoffered.Ofcourse,thiswilltakemorediskspace.

∙Duringthevirtualdiskcreation,Ialwayschoosenottopreallocatethediskspace.Thismakesvirtualdiskaccessslowerduringtheinstallation,butsavesonwasteddiskspace.Theshareddisksmusthavetheirspacepreallocated.

∙Thisisnot,andshouldnotbeconsidered,aproduction-readysystem.It'ssimplytoallowyoutogetusedtoinstallingandusingRAC.

∙TheSingleClientAccessName（SCAN）shouldreallybedefinedintheDNSorGNSandround-robinbetweenoneof3addresses,whichareonthesamesubnetasthepublicandvirtualIPs.InthisarticleI'vedefineditasasingleIPaddressinthe"/etc/hosts"file,whichiswrongandwillcausetheclusterverificationtofail,butitallowsmetocompletetheinstallwithoutthepresenceofaDNS.Thisapproachwillnotworkifyouareusing11.2.0.2onwardandyoumustusetheDNS.

∙Thevirtualmachinescanbelimitedto2Gigofswap,whichcausesaprerequisitecheckfailure,butdoesn'tpreventtheinstallationworking.Ifyouwanttoavoidthis,define3+Gigofswap.

∙Thisarticleusesthe64-bitversionsofOracleLinuxandOracle11gRelease2.

DownloadSoftware

Downloadthefollowingsoftware.

∙OracleLinux5.8

∙VirtualBox

∙Oracle11gRelease2（11.2）Software（64bit）

VirtualBoxInstallation

First,installtheVirtualBoxsoftware.OnRHELanditsclonesyoudothiswiththefollowingtypeofcommandastherootuser.

#rpm-UvhVirtualBox-4.2-4.2.6_82870_fedora17-1.x86_64.rpm

Oncecomplete,VirtualBoxisstartedfromthe"Applications>SystemTools>OracleVMVirtualBox"menuoption.

VirtualMachineSetup

NowwemustdefinethetwovirtualRACnodes.WecansavetimebydefiningoneVM,thencloningitwhenitisinstalled.

StartVirtualBoxandclickthe"New"buttononthetoolbar.Enterthename"ol5-112-rac1",OS"Linux"andVersion"Oracle（64bit）",thenclickthe"Next"button.

Enter"4096"asthebasememorysize,thenclickthe"Next"button.

Acceptthedefaultoptiontocreateanewvirtualharddiskbyclickingthe"Create"button.

Accceptthedefaultharddrivefiletypebyclickingthe"Next"button.

Accceptthe"Dynamicallyallocated"optionbyclickingthe"Next"button.

Acceptthedefaultlocationandsetthesizeto"30G",thenclickthe"Create"button.Ifyoucanspreadthevirtualdisksontodifferentphysicaldisks,thatwillimproveperformance.

The"ol5-112-rac1"VMwillappearonthelefthandpane.Scrolldownthe"Details"tabontherightandclickonthe"Network"link.

Makesure"Adapter1"isenabled,setto"BridgedAdapter",thenclickonthe"Adapter2"tab.

Makesure"Adapter2"isenabled,setto"BridgedAdapter"or"InternalNetwork",thenclickonthe"System"section.

Move"HardDisk"tothetopofthebootorderanduncheckthe"Floppy"option,thenclickthe"OK"button.

Thevirtualmachineisnowconfiguredsowecanstarttheguestoperatingsysteminstallation.

GuestOperatingSystemInstallation

WiththenewVMhighlighted,clickthe"Start"buttononthetoolbar.Onthe"Selectstart-updisk"screen,choosetherelevantOracleLinuxISOimageandclickthe"Start"button.

TheresultingconsolewindowwillcontaintheOracleLinuxbootscreen.

ContinuethroughtheOracleLinux5installationasyouwouldforabasicserver.Ageneralpictorialguidetotheinstallationcanbefound here.Morespecifically,itshouldbeaserverinstallationwithaminimumof4G+swap,firewalldisabled,SELinuxsettopermissiveandthefollowingpackagegroupsinstalled:

∙DesktopEnvironments>GNOMEDesktopEnvironment

∙Applications>Editors

∙Applications>GraphicalInternet

∙Development>DevelopmentLibraries

∙Development>DevelopmentTools

∙Servers>ServerConfigurationTools

∙BaseSystem>AdministrationTools

∙BaseSystem>Base

∙BaseSystem>SystemTools

∙BaseSystem>XWindowSystem

Tobeconsistentwiththerestofthearticle,thefollowinginformationshouldbesetduringtheinstallation:

∙hostname:

ol5-112-rac1.localdomain

∙IPAddresseth0:

192.168.0.101（publicaddress）

∙DefaultGatewayeth0:

192.168.0.1（publicaddress）

∙IPAddresseth1:

192.168.1.101（privateaddress）

∙DefaultGatewayeth1:

none

YouarefreetochangetheIPaddressestosuityournetwork,butremembertostayconsistentwiththoseadjustmentsthroughouttherestofthearticle.

OracleInstallationPrerequisites

PerformeithertheAutomaticSetuportheManualSetuptocompletethebasicprerequisites.TheAdditionalSetupisrequiredforallinstallations.

AutomaticSetup

Ifyouplantousethe"oracle-validated"packagetoperformallyourprerequisitesetup,followtheinstructionsat http:

//public- tosetuptheyumrepositoryforOL,thenperformthefollowingcommand.

#yuminstalloracle-validated

Allnecessaryprerequisiteswillbeperformedautomatically.

Itisprobablyworthdoingafullupdateaswell,butthisisnotstrictlyspeakingnecessary.

#yumupdate

ManualSetup

Ifyouhavenotusedthe"oracle-validated"packagetoperformallprerequisites,youwillneedtomanuallyperformthefollowingsetuptasks.

InadditiontothebasicOSinstallation,thefollowingpackagesmustbeinstalledwhilstloggedinastherootuser.Thisincludesthe64-bitand32-bitversionsofsomepackages.

#FromOracleLinux5DVD

cd/media/cdrom/Server

rpm-Uvhbinutils-2.*

rpm-Uvhcompat-libstdc++-33*

rpm-Uvhelfutils-libelf-0.*

rpm-Uvhelfutils-libelf-devel-*

rpm-Uvhgcc-4.*

rpm-Uvhgcc-c++-4.*

rpm-Uvhglibc-2.*

rpm-Uvhglibc-common-2.*

rpm-Uvhglibc-devel-2.*

rpm-Uvhglibc-headers-2.*

rpm-Uvhksh-2*

rpm-Uvhlibaio-0.*

rpm-Uvhlibaio-devel-0.*

rpm-Uvhlibgcc-4.*

rpm-Uvhlibstdc++-4.*

rpm-Uvhlibstdc++-devel-4.*

rpm-Uvhmake-3.*

rpm-Uvhsysstat-7.*

rpm-UvhunixODBC-2.*

rpm-UvhunixODBC-devel-2.*

cd/

eject

Addoramendthefollowinglinestothe"/etc/sysctl.conf"file.

fs.aio-max-nr=1048576

fs.file-max=6815744

kernel.shmall=2097152

kernel.shmmax=1054504960

kernel.shmmni=4096

#semaphores:

semmsl,semmns,semopm,semmni

kernel.sem=25032000100128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=900065500

net.core.rmem_default=262144

net.core.rmem_max=4194304

net.core.wmem_default=262144

net.core.wmem_max=1048586

Runthefollowingcommandtochangethecurrentkernelparameters.

/sbin/sysctl-p

Addthefollowinglinestothe"/etc/security/limits.conf"file.

oraclesoftnproc2047

oraclehardnproc16384

oraclesoftnofile1024

oraclehardnofile65536

Addthefollowinglinestothe"/etc/pam.d/login"file,ifitdoesnotalreadyexist.

sessionrequiredpam_limits.so

Createthenewgroupsandusers.

groupadd-g1000oinstall

groupadd-g1200dba

useradd-u1100-goinstall-Gdbaoracle

passwdoracle

CreatethedirectoriesinwhichtheOraclesoftwarewillbeinstalled.

mkdir-p/u01/app/11.2.0/grid

mkdir-p/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

chown