论英语中的新词英文版On the English New Words.docx

论英语中的新词英文版On the English New Words.docx

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论英语中的新词英文版OntheEnglishNewWords

Contents

Abstract--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1

Introduction---------------------------------------------------------------------------------4

Chapter

TheEmergenceofNewEnglishWords-----------------------------------6

A.PoliticalChanges

B.EconomicDevelopment

C.TheDevelopmentofScienceandTechnology

D.TheCulturalCause

Chapter

TheFormationofNewEnglishWords----------------------------------15

A.TraditionalWordFormation

B.AddMeaning

C.Loanword

D.Invention

Chapter

TheTranslationofNewEnglishWords--------------------------------27

A.LiteralTranslation

B.FreeTranslation

C.Transliteration

D.BlendingofTransliterationandFreeTranslation

E.OmissionTranslation

Conclusion-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------34

Acknowledgements-------------------------------------------------------------------------36

Bibliography---------------------------------------------------------------------------------37

Abstract

Withthedevelopmentoftheworld,especiallyofthoseEnglish-speakingcountries,therecomelotsofnewEnglishwordsthatgraduallybecomeagloballanguage.KnowingmorenewEnglishwordshelpsuspromotecommunicationandfriendshipwiththeworld.Andsincethispropositionisarelativelynewone,Ichooseitasmythesis.ThisthesisiswrittentostudynewEnglishwordssimply.Itisdividedintothreeparts,namelytheemergence,formationandtranslationofnewEnglishwords.

ThefirstpartdiscussestheemergenceofnewEnglishwords.Therearefourmaincauses,namelypoliticalchanges,economicdevelopment,thedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,andtheculturalcause.Asthesocietyischangingcontinuouslyandthepoliticsarebeingperfected,manynewEnglishwordsarecreatedtoadapttothenewsituation.ThecomingoftheglobaleconomicunificationandthefasteconomicdevelopmentoftheworldalsobringuslotsofnewEnglishwords.Whenacertaininventioncomesuptoanewstage,newEnglishwordsaboutitwillemergeandbewidelyused.Thewordsandlanguageofanationreflectitsculture.Cultureisthebasicelementofanation.Therefore,theimprovementsofculturealsobringmanynewEnglishwords.

ThesecondpartdealswiththeformationofnewEnglishwords.KnowingtherulesoftheirformationcanhelpusremembernewEnglishwordseasily.Inthisparttherearefouraspectsintroducingfourwaysofformation.Offourways,traditionalwordformationisthemostimportantoneandoftenusedtoformnewwords.Sometimesthewordsaregivennewmeaningsandusedindifferentfields.Sowecangetsomenewwordsinthisway.Withthecommunicationamongthecountriesallovertheworld,Englishabsorbssomeusefulnewwordsfromotherlanguages.Thiskindofnewwordsstillhastheformorcharacteristicsoftheiroriginallanguage.AfewofnewEnglishwordsarecreatedwithoutfoundation.Buttheproportionofthesewordsisquitelow.

ThethirdpartdiscussesthetranslationofnewEnglishwords.That’sbecauseitisveryimportantforus.KnowingtheexactmeaningofnewEnglishwordscanhelpusstudyEnglishwellandcommunicatewiththeworldmoreeasily.Thispartintroducesfivemainways.TransliterationandomissiontranslationonlyattachimportancetothepronunciationofnewEnglishwords.However,literaltranslationandfreetranslationemphasizethemeaning.BlendingoftransliterationandfreetranslationconcernspronunciationaswellasmeaningsofnewEnglishwords.TranslationofnewEnglishwordsisdifficultbuthelpfultous.

Asagloballanguage,Englishisproductive.NewEnglishwordsarecreatednearlyeveryday.OnlybyknowingnewEnglishwordswellcanwekeepupwiththeworldandknowtheworldbetter.

KeyWords:

newEnglishwords,emergence,formation,translation

Introduction

Thechangesofalanguageandthecreationofnewwordsinfluencetheculture.ThemorewestudynewEnglishwords,thebetterweknowthecultureofEnglishspeakingcountries.KnowingsomenewEnglishwordscanhelpusimproveourEnglishandstudywell.Especiallyintranslation,ifweknowalotofnewEnglishwords,itwillbehelpfultous.Sincenotsomanypeoplestudiedthispropositionbefore,Ichoosethispropositionasmythesis.

Generallyspeaking,peoplecandividelanguageintotwocategories---thedeadlanguagethatnopeopleuseitnowandthelivinglanguagestillused.OldLatinbelongstotheformeronewhileChinese,English,Japanese,etc.belongtothelatterone.Themostimportantcommonfeaturesharedbythelivinglanguagesisthattheyarechangedasthetimedevelops.

Asthewordsofothermodernlanguages,Englishwordsarecontinuouslydeveloping.SincetheSecondWorldWar,manynewphenomenaemergedwiththefastdevelopmentandcontinuouschangesinthepolitics,economy,scienceandtechnology.Owingtothis,therecomemanynewwordsadaptingtothenewtendency.Asaresult,newEnglishwordsamounttotwomillionmoreorless,andhalfofthemarecreatedaftertheSecondWorldWar.AccordingtothestatisticsofTheBarnhartDictionaryCompanion,1,500to1,600newwordsareinputtedintoitscomputerdatabank.

InordertoknownewEnglishwordsbetter,thisthesisisdevotedtotheemergence,formationandtranslationofnewEnglishwordssimply.

Chapter

TheEmergenceofNewEnglishWords

Whatarenewwordsandhowdothenewwordsemerge?

ThesetwoquestionsmaybeaskedfirstbythosepeoplewhowanttoresearchonnewEnglishwords.Generallyspeaking,thenewwordsaretheonesfirstappearincertainperiodoftimeorhaveneverbeenincludedinadictionary.Whenpeoplediscoversomenewthings,havenewproblems,sumuptheirexperiencesordeveloptheirnewthought,theyneedsomenewwordstoexpressthemeaning.Ontheotherhand,somenewphraseologyandexpressionsareincludedintheEnglishdictionariesgraduallysincetherearemanycountriesallovertheworldwithdistinguishedlocalconditionsandcustomstakingEnglishastheirmotherlanguageorsecondlanguage.TherearefourmaincausesoftheemergenceofnewEnglishwords.

A.PoliticalChanges

SincetheSecondWorldWar,especiallyinrecentyears,thepoliticalsituationoftheworldhasbeenchangedgreatly.Withthischange,manynewEnglishwordsarecreated.

Forexample,becauseofthelong-termconfrontationbetweentheSovietUnionandtheAmerica,whicharethetwobiggestmilitaryblocs,therecomesuchnewEnglishwordsascoldwarandarmrace.ThewordssuchasBlairismandBushismcomefromthecharacteristicpoliciesadoptedbytheheadsofthewesternstateswhentheyareinpower.ManynewEnglishwordsarecreatedbecauseoftheAmericanpoliticalturbulence.Wecanseeitfromthedevelopmentof“-inmovement”.Fromsit-inofthefirstgenerationin1960toteach-in,swim-inofthesecondgeneration,andtobe-inofthethirdgeneration,theamountof–inwordsisquitelarge.

AftertheWatergateinAmerica,theword“Watergate”iswidelyusedtoindicateanypoliticalscandal.Intheinnergovernment,peoplewhoadvocatethepolicyofusingmilitaryforcetosolvetheconflictsarecalledthehawk,whilethosewhostandforpeacemeansarecalledthedove.Thedawkindicatesthosenegative-antiwarpeoplebetweenthehawkandthedove.Therearemanyotherpoliticalwordssuchasestablishment,atomicclub,advancemanandsoon.

Socialreforminfluencedthesocietydeeplyandpoundedatthefundamentalideologyduringthepasttwentyyears.FromtheemancipationofwomenmanynewEnglishwordsarecreated,suchaschairperson,chairwoman,feminism,Women’sLibandmalechauvinist.AndthenthephraseMen’sLibiscreated,too.Sincethemovementoftheblackpeople,alsocalledBlackPower,inthelater1960s,therehavecomemany“-power”words.Forexample,BrownPower,FlowerPower,RedPower,greenpowerandstudentpowerfallintothisgroup.Somepeoplesaythattheword“greenpower”meansthemagicpowerofmoneybecausethebackofthedollarisgreen.FromtheseexampleswecanfindoutthatpoliticalchangesinfluenceEnglishdeeply.

B.EconomicDevelopment

TheeconomicdevelopmentisanothermaincauseoftheemergenceofnewEnglishwords.Withthefasteconomicdevelopmentofthecountriesallovertheworldandthecomingoftheglobal-economicunification,manynewEnglishwordsarecreatedtoadapttotheneweconomictrend.Therearemanyeconomy-tradeorganizationssuchasWTO（WorldTradeOrganization）whichisusedtocoordinateandpromotethetradeactivitiesworldwide,OPEC（OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries）organizedbythepetroleumexportingcountriesinMiddleEast,SouthAmericaandAfrica,andEEC（EuropeanEconomicCommunity）whichisorganizedbythecountriesinWesternEuropetostrengthentheirunityandexpandthetrade.

Inordertostrengthentheeconomicalliance,EECdecidesthattheywillholdapolicyofusingtheunifiedmoney.Asaresult,Euroiscreatedandacceptedbypeople.BanksadopttheElectronicFundTransfertomeettheneedsofmoderneconomybecauseitismoreconvenient.TheAutomaticTellerMachineisestablishedforthedepositors.ThedepositorscandrawsomemoneyfromtheAutomaticTellerMachinesinsteadofthebanks.SowegetsomenewEnglishwords.TheyareEuro,ElectronicFundTransferandAutomaticTellerMachine.

Economiccrisis,inflationandthedevelopmentofindustryandcommercearealsothecausesofnewEnglishwords.ASP（AmericanSellingPrice）,added-valuetax,revenuesharing,slumpflationandpetrodollarfallintothisgroup.

Astheglobaleconomydevelopsquickly,theenvironment