美国CollegeUniversityInstitute的区别.docx
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美国CollegeUniversityInstitute的区别
美国College,University,Institute的区别
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美国College,University,Institute的区别
美国早期的高等教育学校沿袭英国而称为College,19世纪后期,私立的College开设研究所后多改名为University,每州也将其首要之州立大学由Institute﹑Seminary﹑College或类似之名改为University。
另早期许多科学、工程和理工的专门学校都称为Institute,有些后来也改名为University,但少数学校仍以Institute为名,如:
麻省理工学院(MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology)和加州理工学院(CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology)。
现在College与University的意义如下:
UNIVERSITY通常是指一所设有文理科及专业课程的大学,且有至少一种领域的研究所,和至少一种的学士学位后的专业课程(如:
医学、牙医或法律)。
但也有少数例外情行,而有些私立文理学院只有大学部但也称为University。
COLLEGE则有几个意义:
所有高等教育学校的通称。
只有大学部的大学:
然而也有学校具University之条件却名为College的学校,如:
DartmouthCollegeinNewHampshire,有硕士、博士和医学博士之学位,而且又是美国最好的四年制大学之一。
属于University的学院。
二年制大学:
有的称为juniorcollege,有的称为communitycollege,也有的就叫college,还有几个是technicalcollege。
美国的圣诞节习俗与圣诞音乐
MillionsofAmericanswillcelebrateChristmasonDecembertwenty-fifth.ItisthemostwidelycelebratedreligiousholidayintheUnitedStates.
Peoplebuygiftstogivetofamilymembersandfriends.Theyfillhomesandstoreswithevergreen1treesandbright,coloredlights.TheygotopartiesandpreparespecialChristmasfood.ManypeoplethinkChristmasisthemostwonderfultimeoftheyear.
ManyChristiansgotochurchthenightbeforetheholidayoronChristmasDay.TheycelebrateChristmasasthebirthdayofJesusChrist.Christian2ministers3speakabouttheneedforpeaceandunderstandingintheworld.Thisisthespiritual4messageofChristmas.Churchservicesincludetraditionalreligioussongsfortheholiday.Oneofthemostpopularis"SilentNight."
ManyotherAmericanscelebrateChristmasasanimportant,butnon-religiousholiday.Toall,however,itisaspecialdayoffamily,food,andexchanginggifts.
Christmasisprobablythemostspecialdayoftheyearforchildren.OnethingthatmakesitspecialisthepopulartraditionofSantaClaus5.
YoungchildrenbelievethatSantaClausisafat,kind,oldmaninaredsuitwithwhitefur.Theybelievethat-onthenightbeforeChristmas-hetravelsthroughtheairinasleigh6pulledbyreindeer7.Heenterseachhousefromthetopbyslidingdowntheholeinthefireplace8.HeleavesgiftsforthechildrenundertheChristmastree.
AmericansspendalotoftimeandmoneybuyingChristmaspresents.TheaverageAmericanfamilyspendsabout800dollars.Storesandshoppingcentersarecrowdedatthistimeofyear.Morethan20%ofgoodssoldduringtheyeararesoldduringtheweeksbeforeChristmas.ThisisgoodforstoresandfortheAmericaneconomy.
Somepeopleobjecttospendingallthismoney.TheysayitisnottherealmeaningofChristmas.So,theycelebrateinotherways.Forexample,theymakeChristmaspresents,insteadofbuyingthem.Ortheyvolunteertohelpservemealstopeoplewhohavenohomes.OrtheygivemoneytoorganizationsthathelppoorpeopleintheUnitedStatesandaroundtheworld.
HomeandfamilyarethecenteroftheChristmasholiday.Formanypeople,themostenjoyabletraditionisbuyingaChristmastreeanddecorating9itwithlightsandbeautifulobjects.OnChristmasEveorChristmasmorning,peoplegatheraroundthetreetoopentheirpresents.
AnotherimportantChristmastraditioninvolvesfood.Familiespreparemanykindsofholidayfoods,especiallysweets.TheyeatthesefoodsonthenightbeforeChristmasandonChristmasday.
Formanypeople,Christmasmeanstravelinglongdistancestobewiththeirfamilies.AnotherChristmastraditionistogo"caroling10."Agroupofpeoplewalkalongthestreet.Ateachhouse,theystopandsingaChristmassong,calledcarol.Studentgroupsalsosingcarolsatschoolsandshoppingcenters.
NoteveryoneintheUnitedStatescelebratesChristmas.MembersoftheJewish11andMuslim12religions,forexample,generallydonot.YetmanyAmericansdotakepartinsomeofthetraditionalperformancesoftheseason.Oneofthemostpopularisastorytoldindance:
"TheNutcracker13"ballet14.ThemusicwaswrittenbyRussiancomposer15PeterIlichTchaikovskyin1891.
TheballetisaboutayounggirlnamedClara.ClaraiscelebratingChristmaswithherfamilyandfriends.OneofherChristmaspresentsisalittledevice16toopennuts-anutcracker.Itisshapedlikeatoysoldier.Shedreamsthatthenutcrackercomestolifeasagood-lookingprince.
Professional17dancegroupsinmanyAmericancitiesperformtheballetatthistimeofyear.TheyoftenusestudentsfromlocalballetschoolstodancethepartofClaraandtheotherchildreninthestory.Thisgivesparentsachancetoseetheirchildrenperform.
美国最新流行口语26句
美国最新流行口语26句
1.Afteryou.你先请。
这是一句很常用的客套话,在进/出门,上车得场合你都可以表现一下。
(好象现在女士不愿意你这么做,特别是那些女权主义者,我还记得这么一段话:
一个女士对一个让她先行的男士说:
youdothisbecauseiamawoman?
那个男士回答说:
idothisnotbecauseyouareawomanbutbecauseiamaman!
ilovethisguy!
2.Ijustcouldnthelpit.我就是忍不住。
想想看,这样一个漂亮的句子可用于多少个场合?
下面是随意举的一个例子:
Iwasdeeplymoved太棒的句子了,我爱死它了。
3.Donttakeittoheart.别往心里去,别为此而忧虑伤神。
生活实例:
Thistestisntthatimportant.Donttakeittoheart.安慰人的超级句子。
4.Wedbetterbeoff.我们该走了。
Itsgettinglate.Wedbetterbeoff.
5.Letsfaceit.面对现实吧。
常表明说话人不愿意逃避困难的现状。
参考例句:
Iknowitsadifficultsituation.Letsfaceit,OK?
很棒啊,年轻人犯错误,上帝都会原谅,remember?
但是犯了错误,你必须面对他,letsfaceit,或者是:
letsfacethemusic.
6.Letsgetstarted.咱们开始干吧。
劝导别人时说:
Dontjusttalk.Letsgetstarted.
letsgetstarted.
letsstart.
letsdoitrightnow.
letshitsth.
letsrockroll.
letsputourhandsonsth.
7.Imreallydead.我真要累死了。
坦诚自己的感受时说:
Afterallthatwork,I’mreallydead.
8.Ivedonemybest.我已尽力了。
这句话,很有用,失败有时难免,但是你要是可以说,ivedonemybest.orisparenoefforts.就不必遗憾,毕竟,mansupposes,goddisposes.
9.Isthatso?
真是那样吗?
常用在一个人听了一件事后表示惊讶、怀疑。
10.Dontplaygameswithme!
别跟我耍花招!
11.Idontknowforsure.我不确切知道。
Stranger:
Couldyoutellmehowtogettothetownhall?
Tom:
Idontknowforsure.Maybeyoucouldaskthepolicemanoverthere.
12.Imnotgoingtokidyou.我不是跟你开玩笑的。
Karin:
Youquitthejob?
Youarekidding.
Jack:
Imnotgoingtokidyou.Imserious.
13.Thatssomething.太好了,太棒了。
A:
Imgrantedafullscholarshipforthissemester.
B:
Congratulations.Thatssomething.
bythefilmandIcriedandcried.Ijustcouldnthelpit.
14.Brilliantidea!
这主意真棒!
这主意真高明!
15.Doyoureallymeanit?
此话当真?
Michael:
Wheneveryouareshortofmoney,justcometome.
David:
Doyoureallymeanit?
16.Youareagreathelp.你帮了大忙
17.Icouldntbemoresure.我再也肯定不过。
18.Iambehindyou.我支持你。
A:
Whateverdecisionyouregoingtomake,Iambehindyou.
19.Imbroke.我身无分文。
iampenniless.
20.Mindyou!
请注意!
听着!
(也可仅用Mind。
)
模范例句:
Mindyou!
Hesaverynicefellowthoughbad-tempered.
21.Youcancountonit.你尽管相信好了,尽管放心。
A:
Doyouthinkhewillcometomybirthdayparty?
B:
Youcancountonit.
22.Ineverlikeditanyway.我一直不太喜欢这东西。
当朋友或同事不小心摔坏你的东西时就可以用上这句话给他一个台阶,打破尴尬局面:
Oh,dontworry.Imthinkingofbuyinganewone.Ineverlikeditanyway.
23.Thatdepends.看情况再说。
(onsth)
例:
Imaygototheairporttomeether.Butthatdepends.
24.Congratulations.恭喜你,祝贺你。
25.Thanksanyway.无论如何我还是得谢谢你。
当别人尽力要帮助你却没帮成时,你就可以用这个短语表示谢意。
26.Itsadeal.一言为定
Harry:
Haventseenyouforages.Letshaveaget-togethernextweek.
Jenny:
Itsadeal
电影里经常听到,itsadeal,thatisagooddeal.或是两个人打算达成某个协议或是做成某个生意会说:
deal?
deal!