初中英语常用不规则动词的过去式读音与过去分词现在分词.docx
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初中英语常用不规则动词的过去式读音与过去分词现在分词
初中英语常用不规则动词的过去式(读音)与过去分词、现在分词
原形
过去式
过去分词
过去分词词尾有ne或en或n
do
did
done
go
went
gone
beat
beat
beaten
eat
ate
eaten
fall
fell
fallen
blow
blew
blown
draw
drew
drawn
drive
drove
driven
give
gave
given
grow
grew
grown
know
knew
known
take
took
taken
mistake
mistook
mistaken
rise
rose
risen
see
saw
seen
show
showed
shown
throw
threw
thrown
hide
hid
hidden
ride
rode
ridden
write
wrote
written
break
broke
broken
choose
chose
chosen
forget
forgot
forgotten
freeze
froze
frozen
speak
spoke
spoken
steal
stole
stolen
am/is
was
been
are
were
been
fly
flew
flown
lie
lay
lain
wear
wore
worn
过去式与过去分词形式相同
过去式与过去分词形式相同
bring
brought
brought
build
built
built
buy
bought
bought
catch
caught
caught
dig
dug
dug
feel
felt
felt
find
found
found
get
got
got
hang
hung/hanged
hung/hanged
have/has
had
had
hold
held
held
keep
kept
kept
lay
laid
laid
learn
learnt/learned
learnt/learned
leave
left
left
lend
lent
lent
lose
lost
lost
原形
过去式
过去分词
hear
heard
heard
make
made
made
mean
meant
meant
meet
met
met
pay
paid
paid
say
said
said
sell
sold
sold
send
sent
sent
shine
shone/shined
shone/shined
sit
sat
sat
sleep
slept
slept
smell
smelt
smelt
spend
spent
spent
spill
spilt
spilt
spit
spat
spat
spoil
spoilt
spoilt
stand
stood
stood
sweep
swept
swept
teach
taught
taught
tell
told
told
think
thought
thought
understand
understood
understood
wake
woke/waked
woken/waked
win
won
won
三个形式全相同
cost
cost
cost
cut
cut
cut
hit
hit
hit
hurt
hurt
hurt
let
let
let
put
put
put
read/ri:
d/
read/red/
read/red/
set
set
set
shut
shut
shut
i-a-u形式
begin
began
begun
drink
drank
drunk
ring
rang
rung
sing
sang
sung
sink
sank
sunk
swim
swam
swum
become
became
become
come
came
come
run
ran
run
情态动词
can
could
-
must
must
-
will
would
-
may
might
-
shall
should
-
注意区别catch,bring,think,buy,teach这几个词的过去式与过去分词
初中英语不规则动词的过去式与过去分词归纳
一.过去分词词尾有字母-n
1.过去分词由原形加-ne构成
do-did-done go-went-gone
2.过去分词由原形加-en构成
beat-beat-beaten eat-ate-eaten fall-fell-fallen
3.过去分词由原形加-n构成
blow-blew-blown draw-drew-drawndrive-drove-driven give-gave-given grow-grew-grownknow-knew-known take-took-taken mistake-mistook-mistakenrise-rose-risen see-saw-seenshow-showed-shown throw-threw-thrown
4.过去分词由原形去字母e后,再双写后面的辅音字母加-en构成(*例外)
hide-hid-hidden ride-rode-ridden write-wrote-writtenforget-forgot-forgotten*
5.过去分词由过去式加-n构成
break-broke-broken choose-chose-chosen freeze-froze-frozen speak-spoke-spoken steal-stole-stolen
6.完全不规则形式
am/is-was-been are-were-been fly-flew-flown lie-lay-lain wear-wore-worn
二.过去式与过去分词形式相同
bring-brought-brought build-built-built buy-bought-bought catch-caught-caught
dig-dug-dug feel-felt-felt find-found-found get-got-got
have/has-had-had hold-held-held keep-kept-kept leave-left-left
lay-laid-laidlend-lent-lent lose-lost-lostpay-paid-paid
hear-heard-heard make-made-made mean-meant-meant meet-met-met
say-said-said sell-sold-sold send-sent-sent sit-sat-sat
sleep-slept-slept smell-smelt-smelt spend-spent-spentspill-spilt-spilt
spit-spat-spat spoil-spoilt-spoilt stand-stood-stoodsweep-swept-swept
teach-taught-taught tell-told-told think-thought-thoughtwin-won-won
understand-understood-understood wake-woke/waked-woken/waked
shine-shone/shined-shone/shinedhang-hung/hanged-hung/hanged
learn-learnt/learned-learnt/learned
三.原形、过去式与过去分词三种形式完全相同
cost-cost-cost cut-cut-cut hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt
let-let-letput-put-put set-set-set shut-shut-shut
read/ri:
d/-read/red/-read/red/
四.i-a-u变化形式
begin-began-begun drink-drank-drunk ring-rang-rung sing-sang-sung
sink-sank-sunk swim-swam-swum
五.过去分词与原形相同
come-came-come run-ran-runbecome-became-become
六.情态动词(没有过去分词形式)
can-could must-must will-would may-might
shall-should
动词过去式变化规则及其读音规则
来自:
VIPABC(真人在线,实时互动) 2011-01-2110:
15:
30
规则动词的过去式变化如下:
1、一般情况下,动词词尾加-ed,如:
work---workedplay---playedwanted----wantedact----acted
2、以不发音的-e结尾动词,动词词尾加-d,如:
live---livedmove----movedtaste---tastedhope---hoped
3、以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i再加-ed,如:
study---studiedcopy---copiedcry---criedcarry---carried
4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加-ed,如:
stop---stopped
5、不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。
go–wentmake–madeget–gotbuy-boughtcome-camefly-flew
不规则动词的过去式的构成
1.把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式。
如:
begin—began,drink—drank,give—gave,ring—rang,sing—sang,sit—sat,swim—swam
2.把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。
如:
drive—drove,ride—rode,write—wrote
3.改动词原形中的aw/ow为ew,变成过去式。
如:
draw—drew,grow—grew,know—knew,throw—threw(动词show除外,show—showed)
4.动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式。
如:
get—got,forget—forgot
5.动词原形中的ee改为e,变成过去式。
如:
feed—fed,meet—met
6.动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式。
如:
keep—kept,sleep—slept,sweep—swept
7.动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式。
如:
break—broke,speak—spoke
8.动词原形中的ell改为old,变成过去式。
如:
sell—sold,tell—told
9.动词原形中的an改为oo,变成过去式。
如:
stand—stood,understand—understood
10.以ought和aught结尾,且读音是〔:
t〕的过去式。
如:
bring—brought,buy—bought,think—thought,catch—caught,teach—taught
11.以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式。
如:
can—could,shall—should,will—would
12.把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式。
如:
come—came,become—became
13.在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式,并且发生音变。
如:
hear〔hi〕—heard〔h:
d〕,say〔sei〕—said〔sed〕,mean〔mi:
n〕—meant〔ment〕
14.动词的过去式与动词原形一样。
如:
let—let,must—must,put—put,read—read〔red〕
15.不符合上述规律的动词过去式。
如:
am,is—was,are—were,build—built,do—did,eat—ate,fall—fell,feel—felt,find—found,fly—flew,go—went,have/has—had,hold—held,leave—left,make—made,may—might,run—ran,see—saw,take—took
过去式“-ed”的发音规则
(1)动词词尾为“t,d”时,发/id/音,
want→wanted(要)need→needed(需要)
(2)动词词尾为清辅音时,发/t/音。
help→helped(帮助)laugh→laughed(笑)look→looked(看)
kiss→kissed(吻)wash→washed(洗)watch→watched(注视)
(3)动词词尾为t,d以外之浊辅音或元音时,发/d/音。
call→called(叫)stay→stayed(停留)cry→cried(哭)
动词第三人称单数变化规则
1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为[s],在浊辅音及元音后发音为[z]。
如:
①stop-stops[s];make-makes[s]
②read-reads[z];play-plays[z]
2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的,要先将“y”变为“i”,然后在加“es”读[iz]如:
fly-flies[z];carry-carries[z]
study-studies[z];worry-worries
3、以“s,x,ch,sh”结尾的,在词尾加“es”,发音为[iz]如:
teach-teaches[iz];watch-watches[iz]
4、以“o”结尾的动词,加“es”,读[z]如:
go-goes[z]do-does[z]
下面几个动词变为单数时,原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化,请注意记忆。
如:
1、do[du:
]-does[dz]
2、say[sei]-says[sez]
以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词,如果尾音是[s],[z]时,加“s”后字母“e”发音,与所加“s”
一起读做[iz]。
如:
close-closes[iz]
be动词包括:
am,is,are。
第三人称单数用is;过去式为was;复数用are,过去式为were.
动词形式:
现在进行时的构成是:
主语+be+动词ing〔现在分词〕形式
动词变化规律:
1.直接+ing(例:
sleep+ingsleeping)
2.去e+ing(例:
bite-e+ingbiting)
3.重读闭音节,且末尾只有1个辅音字母,双写辅音字母+ing(例:
sit+t+ingsitting)
4.特殊变化:
die-dying,lie-lying,tie-tying
5.不规则变化
常用方式:
A表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。
例:
Wearewaitingforyou.
B.习惯进行:
表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。
例:
Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.
(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。
)
例:
SheislearningpianounderMr.Smith.
C.已经确定或安排好的将来活动
I'mleavingforatrekinNepalnextweek.(已经安排了)
we'reflyingtoParistomorrow.(票已经拿到了)
D.有些动词不用进行时态的(状态动词不用于进行时态)
1.表示知道或了解的动词:
believe,doubt,forget,imagine,know,
remember,realize,suppose,understand
2.表示“看起来”“看上去"appear,resemble,seem
3表示喜爱或不喜爱hate,
4表示构成或来源的动词become,include
5表示感官的动词hearseesmellsoundtaste
6表示拥有的动词belong.wish
举例:
一般都是有明显的时间状语:
eg:
today,thismoring,thisyear,now,while,atthemoment等等
(1)当句子中有now时,常表示动作正在进行,这时要用现在进行时。
如:
Theyareplayingbasketballnow.现在他们正在打篮球。
(2)以look,listen开头的句子,提示我们动作正进行,这时要用现在进行时。
如:
Listen!
SheissinginganEnglishsong.听,她正在唱英语歌。
(3)表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作,且此时有thisweek,
thesedays等时间状语,这时常用现在进行时。
如:
Wearemakingmodelplanesthesedays.这些天我们在做飞机模型。
(4)描述图片中的人物的动作。
如:
Lookatthepicture.Thechildrenareflyingkitesinthepark.看这幅图,那些孩子正在公园放风筝。