英国文学第四周解释.docx
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英国文学第四周解释
英国文学第四周解释
ode:
Alyricpoemofsomelength,usuallyofaseriousormeditativenatureandhavinganelevatedstyleandformalstanzaicstructure.
颂,歌:
一首有一定长度的抒情诗,通常具有庄重或思考的性质,风格严肃和有正式的诗节结构apoemexpressingthewriter'sthoughtsandfeelingsaboutaparticularpersonorsubject,usuallyaddressedtothatpersonorsubject:
'OdetoaNightingale'and'OdeonaGrecianUrn'arepoemsbyKeats.
Trope:
Thefigurativeuseofawordoranexpression,asmetaphororhyperbole.
比喻,转义:
语言或措辞的比喻用法:
隐喻或夸张
terzarima:
AverseformofItalianoriginconsistingoftercetsof10or11syllableswiththemiddlelinerhymingwiththefirstandthirdlinesofthefollowingtercet.三行诗节押韵法:
一种源于意大利的诗歌形式,包含有每行10或11个音节的三个诗行,其中间诗于与下面一节的第一和第三节押韵
[意]三行体(象旦丁《神曲》中所用的诗体,三行为一节,每节的第二行与下一节的第一、三行押韵,如:
aba,bcb,cdc)
conceive:
formtheidea;
skirt:
Toliealongorformtheedgeof;border:
沿着…边缘:
沿…边缘或形成…的边缘;接近
tempestuous:
Tumultuous;stormy:
剧烈的:
atempestuousrelationship.一种狂暴的关系
cisalpine:
cis-[cis-]cis-[前缀,表“在这边”]Relatingto,livingon,orcomingfromthesouthernsideoftheAlps.阿尔卑斯山脉南边的:
有关、位于或来自阿尔卑斯山脉南边的
Dante:
Italianpoetwhosemasterpiece,TheDivineComedy(completed1321),detailshisvisionaryprogressthroughHellandPurgatory,escortedbyVirgil,andthroughHeaven,guidedbyhislifelongidealizedloveBeatrice.但丁·阿智利:
意大利诗人,他的杰作神曲(完成于1321年),详细地描述了他幻觉中由比尔吉尔引导经过地狱和炼狱,由其终身理想化的情人贝亚特丽斯引导通过天堂
Zephyrus:
Agodpersonifyingthegentlewestwind.西风之神:
象征着轻柔的西风之神
Astrœus
:
godoffourwinds;Aurora:
Thegoddessofthedawn.奥罗拉:
黎明女神
enchanter:
Asorcererormagician.巫士,魔术师
hectic:
Consumptive;feverish.热病的:
患结核病的;发烧的
pestilence:
Ausuallyfatalepidemicdisease
stricken:
Affectedbysomethingoverwhelming,suchasdisease
Toconveyorrideinachariot.用马车(或战车)载送;或乘马车(或战车)
Thine:
Usedtoindicatetheoneoronesbelongingtothee.你:
过去用于指属于你的人
Clarion:
Amedievaltrumpetwithashrill,cleartone.
尖音小号,号角:
中世纪号角,能发出尖利、清晰的音响
manifestation:
Anindicationoftheexistence,reality,orpresenceofsomething:
表现:
某事物的存在、现状或出现的显示:
Ahighfeverisanearlymanifestationofthedisease.发高烧是这种疾病的表现症状之一
Intangible:
Incapableofbeingperceivedbythesenses.无形的,感觉不到的
Neo-platonism:
AphilosophicalsystemdevelopedatAlexandriainthethirdcenturya.d.byPlotinusandhissuccessors.ItisbasedonPlatonismwithelementsofmysticismandsomeJudaicandChristianconceptsandpositsasinglesourcefromwhichallexistenceemanatesandwithwhichanindividualsoulcanbemysticallyunited.
新柏拉图主义:
由柏罗丁和他的后徒于公元3世纪亚历山大时期发展起来的一种哲学体系。
它以柏拉图学说为基础,带有神秘主义色彩和一些犹太和基督概念,假定只有一个本源,万物来源于此,单独的灵魂能由此神秘地与之统一
Harbinger:
Onethatindicatesorforeshadowswhatistocome;aforerunner.
预言者:
指明或预示即将发生的事的人;先驱
spell-bound:
Entrancedbyorasifbyaspell;fascinated.
被符咒镇住的,好象被符咒镇住的;被迷住的
multitude:
Averygreatnumber.很大的数目Themasses;thepopulace:
大众;民众:
theconcernsofthemultitude.大众焦点
hypnotize:
toputintoaAsleeplikestateusuallyinducedbyanotherpersoninwhichthesubjectmayexperienceforgottenorsuppressedmemories,hallucinations,andheightenedsuggestibility.
催眠状态:
由另外一个人引向的似睡状态,在这状态中主体可能体验已忘却的或受压抑的记忆、幻觉和高度的暗示
incantation:
Ritualrecitationofverbalcharmsorspellstoproduceamagiceffect.
念咒:
口头咒语或符咒的仪式性的吟诵以产生魔力的效果
plague:
Awidespreadafflictionorcalamity,especiallyoneseenasdivineretribution.
瘟疫,祸患:
广泛的苦难或灾祸,特别是被认为神的惩罚的
dormant:
Lyingasleeporasifasleep;inactive.不活跃的:
睡着的,似睡着的;不活跃的
maternal:
showingtheaffectionofamother
pastoral:
Charminglysimpleandserene;idyllic.恬静的:
宜人和宁静的;田园式的Of,relatingto,orbeingaliteraryorotherartisticworkthatportraysorevokesrurallife,usuallyinanidealizedmanner.(文学作品)田园式的:
文学作品或其它艺术作品中描绘或唤起乡村生活的,通常采用理想主义手法
summon:
calltogether
springintobuds:
developorgrow,reproduce
hue:
colourodor:
smell
ambivalence:
Thecoexistenceofopposingattitudesorfeelings,suchasloveandhate,towardaperson,anobject,oranidea.
矛盾情绪,双重人格:
对人、物或观点的对立态度或感情的共存,如爱和恨
stir:
Tocausetomovebrisklyorvigorously;移动,拨动:
使轻快活泼地运动;
cycleofnature:
Aperiodicallyrepeatedsequenceofevents:
周而复始:
周期反复的事件的后果:
thecycleofbirth,growth,anddeath;acycleofreprisalandretaliation.
出生,成长,死亡的循环;冤冤相报
revive:
Tobringbacktolife
graze:
Tofeedongrowinggrassesandherbage.啃食牧草,放牧:
以正在生长的牧草为食
shepherd:
Onewhoherds,guards,andtendssheep.牧羊人:
放牧、守卫并照料羊群的人
lyre:
Astringedinstrumentoftheharpfamilyusedtoaccompanyasingerorreaderofpoetry,especiallyinancientGreece.
里拉:
竖琴家族中的一种弦乐器,用来为歌手或朗诵诗歌的人伴奏,特别是在古希腊
tumult:
Adisorderlycommotionordisturbance.骚动混乱:
吵闹混乱的状况,杂乱无章的情形
fierce:
Extremelysevereorviolent;terrible:
可怕的:
极其可怕的或极为猛烈的;可怕的:
“thefiercethundersroarmetheirmusic”(EzraPound)“巨大的雷声在我耳边轰鸣”
impetuous:
violent,passionate
merge:
Tocausetobeabsorbed,especiallyingradualstages.使…被吸收,尤指逐步地被吸收
Tocombineorunite:
使合并或结合:
ToutteroraddressaprayerorprayerstoGod,agod,oranotherobjectofworship.
祈祷,祷告:
对上帝、神或另一个崇拜对象所作的祷告
prayer:
AreverentpetitionmadetoGod,agod,oranotherobjectofworship.
Ember:
Asmall,glowingpieceofcoalorwood,asinadyingfire.
余烬:
燃着的小煤块或木块,如在一堆将要熄灭的火堆中
hearken:
Tolistenattentively;giveheed.仔细听;给予注意
fruition:
Realizationofsomethingdesiredorworkedfor;accomplishment:
实现:
实现所期望的或为之奋斗的事情;获得:
laborfinallycomingtofruition.劳工最终实现了愿望
precedeby:
Tocome,exist,oroccurbeforeintime.先于…:
先于…之前出现、存在或发生
apocalyptic:
Apropheticdisclosure;arevelation.先知预言;天启
Disperse:
Todriveofforscatterindifferentdirections:
使散开,驱散:
使在不同方向驱散或分散:
Thepolicedispersedthecrowd.警察驱散了人群
inevitable:
Impossibletoavoidorprevent.
Newfound:
Recentlydiscovered:
新发现的:
Deprived:
Totakesomethingawayfrom:
拿走,抢夺:
从…拿走某物:
Untamedness:
wildness
Transmit:
Tocausetospread;passon:
传染:
使传播;传染:
Prophecy:
Apredictionofthefuture
Antiquated:
Toooldtobefashionable,suitable,oruseful;outmoded.
过时的:
陈旧不时髦的,不合适的或无用的;过时的
elginmarble:
greekmarblesculpuresinBritishMuseum.
Grecian(形容词)Greek.希腊的(especiallyofbuildingstylesoraperson'sappearance)beautifulandsimple,inthestyleofAncientGreece:
aGreciancolumn
Urn:
acontainer,especiallyalargeroundoneonastem,whichisusedfordecorativepurposesinagarden,oronewhichhasalidandisusedforholdingadeadperson'sashes(=thepowderthatisleftafteradeadbodyhasbeenburned)Avaseofvaryingsizeandshape,usuallyhavingafootedbaseorpedestal.瓮,缸:
各种大小和式样的瓶,通常有脚架或底座
Prototype:
Anoriginaltype,form,orinstancethatservesasamodelonwhichlaterstagesarebasedorjudged.原型:
一种原初的类型、形式或例证,是作为其后期阶段的基础的模型
thefirstexampleofsomething,suchasamachineorotherindustrialproduct,fromwhichalllaterformsaredeveloped:
craftsmanship:
skilltomakethings
converge:
Tocometogetherfromdifferentdirections;meet:
会合:
从不同方向汇聚到一起;会合:
consensus:
Generalagreementoraccord:
大致上的同意或一致:
governmentbyconsensus.被一致认可的政府
Meter:
Themeasuredarrangementofwordsinpoetry,asbyaccentualrhythm,syllabicquantity,orthenumberofsyllablesinaline.
韵律:
诗歌中字词的有格律的排列,如重音的韵律,音节的数量或一行内音节的总数
Aparticulararrangementofwordsinpoetry,suchasiambicpentameter,determinedbythekindandnumberofmetricalunitsinaline.格律:
诗歌中字词的特定安排,由一行诗中韵律单位的类型和数量而定,如抑扬格五音步诗行
Therhythmicpatternofastanza,determinedbythekindandnumberoflines.
韵律:
一个诗节的韵律格式,由诗节中诗行的类型和数量而定
imab:
Ametricalfootconsistingofanunstressedsyllablefollowedbyastressedsyllableorashortsyllablefollowedbyalongsyllable,asindelay.
抑扬格,长短格:
一个对称的音步,由一个重读的音节紧跟一个不重读的音节,或一个长的音节跟着一个短的音节组成,如在delay中
pentameter:
Alineofverseconsistingoffivemetricalfeet.五音步的:
每行有五个韵脚的一种诗
rhyme:
Correspondenceofterminalsoundsofwordsoroflinesofverse.
押韵:
词句或诗行的末尾的一致
variable:
subjecttovariation;changeable.易变的:
可能变化或改变的;服从变化的;可变的
explicate:
Tomakeclearthemeaningof;explain.阐明,说明:
使…的意思清楚
composite:
Madeupofdistinctcomponents;compound.合成的:
不同成分组成的;混合的
respectable:
Considerableinamount,number,orsize:
可观的:
在数量、数目字或尺寸上可观的:
arespectablesumofmoney.一笔数量相当大的钱
sculpture:
Theartorpracticeofshapingfiguresordesignsintheroundorinrelief,Theprojectionoffiguresorformsfromaflatbackground,asbychiselingmarble,modelingclay,orcastinginmetal.雕刻(术):
塑造出圆形或浮雕的图形或图样的艺术或行为,如通过雕刻大理石、模制泥土或者铸造金属
encounter:
Tomeet,especiallyunexpectedly;comeupon:
不期而遇:
相遇,尤指意外偶然遇到;encounteredanoldfriendonthestreet.在街上偶然遇见一位老友
ravish:
Toseizeandcarryawaybyforce.抢走:
用武力抓住或夺取
Torape;violate.强奸;冒犯forceawomantohavesexagainstherwill
Unravished:
pure
Foster:
Receivingparentalcareandnurturefromthosenotrelatedtoonethroughlegalorbloodties:
被收养的:
从和自己没有法律或血缘关系的人那里接受父母般照料的:
fosterchildren.收养的孩子
sylvan:
Relatingtoorcharacteristicofwoodsorforestregions.
森林的:
与树林或森林地区有关的或有其特征的
canst【古语】Asecondpersonsingularpresenttenseofcan
aflowerytale:
Fullofornateorgrandiloquentexpressions;highlyembellished:
词藻华丽的:
充满装饰或词藻华丽言语的;大量装饰的:
afloweryspeech.词藻浮华的讲话
fringe:
Adecorativeborderoredgingofhangingthreads,cords,orstrips,oftenattachedtoaseparateband.穗(缘饰):
一种装饰性的边缘有垂吊的线穗或布条,常与单独镶边连在一起
shape:
Thecontourofaperson'sbody;thefigure.身材:
一个人的身体周线;身材
deity:
Agodorgoddess.神,女神Theessentialnatureorconditionofbeingagod;divinity.神性:
作为神的必不可少的品性或条件;神威
mortal:
Oforrelatingtohumankind;human:
人类的:
人类的、与人类有联系的;人的:
themortallimitsofunderstanding.人类理解的极限
dale:
Avalley:
山谷:
gallopedoverhillanddale.骑马翻山越谷
arcady:
AregionofancientGreeceinthePeloponnesus.Itsinhabitants,relativelyisolatedfromtherestoftheknowncivilizedworld,proverbiallylivedasimple,pastorallife.
阿卡迪亚:
古希腊的一区域,位于伯罗奔尼撒,其居民与其它著名文明世界相对隔绝,以过着简朴和田园式的生活著称,世外桃源
loth,loath:
Unwillingorreluctant;disinclined:
讨厌:
不愿意或不情愿;不想的:
Iamloathtogoonsuchshortnotice.我不愿这么急急忙忙就走
Pipe:
Atubularwindinstrument,