高考英语天津专用优编增分二轮试题专题3 阅读理解 第2节 十.docx

高考英语天津专用优编增分二轮试题专题3 阅读理解 第2节 十.docx

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高考英语天津专用优编增分二轮试题专题3阅读理解第2节十

十、词句猜测——句意理解题

（2017·浙江，A）

BenjaminWest，thefatherofAmericanpainting，showedhistalentforartwhenhewasonlysixyearsofage.Buthedidnotknowaboutbrushesbeforeavisitortoldhimheneededone.Inthosedays，abrushwasmadefromcamel’shair.Therewerenocamelsnearby.Benjamindecidedthatcathairwouldworkinstead.Hecutsomefurfromthefamilycattomakeabrush.

Thebrushdidnotlastlong.SoonBenjaminneededmorefur.Beforelong，thecatbegantolookragged（蓬乱的）.Hisfathersaidthatthecatmustbesick.Benjaminwasforcedtoadmitwhathehadbeendoing.

Thecat’slotwasabouttoimprove.Thatyear，oneofBenjamin’scousins，MrPennington，cametovisit.HewasimpressedwithBenjamin’sdrawings.Whenhewenthome，hesentBenjaminaboxofpaintandsomebrushes.Healsosentsixengravings（版画）byanartist.ThesewerethefirstpicturesandfirstrealpaintandbrushesBenjaminhadeverseen.

In1747，whenBenjaminwasnineyearsold，MrPenningtonreturnedforanothervisit.HewasamazedatwhatBenjaminhaddonewithhisgift.HeaskedBenjamin’sparentsifhemighttaketheboybacktoPhiladelphiaforavisit.

Inthecity，MrPenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings.Theboybeganalandscape（风景）painting.WilliamWilliams，awell-knownpainter，cametoseehimwork.WilliamswasimpressedwithBenjaminandgavehimtwoclassicbooksonpaintingtotakehome.Thebookswerelonganddull.Benjamincouldreadonlyalittle，havingbeenapoorstudent.Buthelatersaid，“Thosetwobooksweremycompanionsbyday，andundermypillowatnight.”Whileitislikelythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks，theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings.Thenine-year-oldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.

语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。

文章讲述了美国著名艺术家本杰明·韦斯特是如何开始他的艺术生涯的。

21.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Benjamin’svisittoPhiladelphia.

B.Williams’influenceonBenjamin.

C.ThebeginningofBenjamin’slifeasanartist.

D.ThefriendshipbetweenBenjaminandPennington.

答案　C

解+析　主旨大意题。

文章从本杰明在六岁时自制画笔作画写起，到后来利用专业工具作画，再到知名画家送给本杰明书籍，都是在讲述本杰明是如何一步步走上艺术之路的，故选C。

22.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3suggest?

A.Thecatwouldbecloselywatched.

B.Thecatwouldgetsomemedicalcare.

C.Benjaminwouldleavehishomeshortly.

D.Benjaminwouldhaverealbrushessoon.

答案　D

解+析　句意理解题。

由前文可知，本杰明在没有专业画笔之前是用猫的毛制作画笔的。

画线句的字面意思是“猫的命运将会得到改善”。

由该段后文可知，本杰明的表兄送给了他专业的颜料和画笔。

由此可推知D项与画线句的意思相符。

23.WhatdidPenningtondotohelpBenjamindevelophistalent?

A.Hetookhimtoseepaintingexhibitions.

B.Heprovidedhimwithpaintingmaterials.

C.HesenthimtoaschoolinPhiladelphia.

D.Hetaughthimhowtomakeengravings.

答案　B

解+析　细节理解题。

短文第四段提到“HewasamazedatwhatBenjaminhaddonewithhisgift.”，接着下一段又谈到“...MrPenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings.”，由此可知，潘宁顿送给本杰明绘画材料来帮助他发展艺术才能，故选B项。

24.Williams’twobookshelpedBenjaminto.

A.mastertheuseofpaints

B.appreciatelandscapepaintings

C.gettoknowotherpainters

D.makeuphismindtobeapainter

答案　D

解+析　细节理解题。

由文章最后两句“Whileitislikelythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks，theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings.Thenine-year-oldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.”可知，这两本书是他通往古典绘画的入门教程，也帮助他下定决心成为一名画家，故选D项。

一、题型解读

记叙文、说明文和议论文中可能会考查句意理解题。

要求考生用合适的语句解释一个具有概括性的句子或格言、谚语。

设问形式常有：

（1）Theunderlinedsentenceinthefirst/second/...paragraphmeans“”.

（2）Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedsentenceinthefirst/second/...paragraph?

二、解题技巧——“意义吻合”定句意

　↓

　↓

例如：

【真题感悟】中第22题：

第一步：

速读文章，找出文章中与画线句子相关的句子

（1）Beforelong，thecatbegantolookragged（蓬乱的）.

（2）Whenhewenthome，hesentBenjaminaboxofpaintandsomebrushes.

第二步：

对比信息句、画线句和选项，确定答案

画线句上一段讲到为了制作画笔本杰明剪猫的毛使猫“破相”，接下来讲到堂兄给他送来了颜料和画笔使猫的命运得到改善，隐含着“本杰明将得到真正的画笔”。

由此可推知D项与画线句的意思相符。

A

Whatdoyoudoifyoudon’tgetintoyourfirstchoiceofuniversity？

That’sthedilemma（困境）thatfacesthousandsofBritishstudentseveryyear.

ManycandidatesturntoClearing，theservicethathelpsfinduniversityplacesforstudentsatthelastmoment.Iftheydon’thavethemarkstogetintotheirfirstchoiceofinstitution，Clearingtellsthemaboutplacesavailableatotheruniversities，thoughtheymighthavetoreadanothersubject.

Butthisyearhasseenarecordnumberofpeopleapplyingtouniversity.This，combinedwiththeweakeconomy，anuncertainjobmarketandbudgetcutsatuniversities，meansthatthere’sbeenevenmoreofascrambleforplacesthanusual.Somesourcessaysixstudentshaveappliedforeachremainingundergraduateuniversityplace.

TheBritishUniversityAdmissionsService，UCAS，saysuptoaquarterofthisyear’suniversityapplicants—almost190,000people—stilldon’thaveaplaceonadegreecourse.That’sariseofover46,000studentsfromlastyear.

Facedwiththesefigures，someBritishstudentsmightbethinkingofaninterestingalternative：

studyingabroad.TheUniversityofNottingham，forexample，isofferingplacesatitscampusesinNingbo，nearShanghai，andKualaLumpur，Malaysia.StudentsherecangainUniversityofNottinghamdegreesinbusiness，accounting，engineeringandEnglish.Similarly，theUniversityofBoltonsaysithas“unlimited”placesatitscampusintheUnitedArabEmirates.

Giventheproblemsgettingintouniversity，theUK’sHigherEducationMinister，DavidWilletts，encouragesstudentswhohaven’tmadethegradetoconsideralternativestouniversity，suchasapprenticeshipsandstudyingathome.

“Therearearangeofoptionsavailable，”hesays.“Peopleareabletoreapply.TheyshouldthinkhowtheycanspendtheiryearaddingthatbittotheirCV，whichwouldhelptheirapplication—gettingpracticalworkexperienceorextraskills—anythingthatstrengthenstheirchancesnextyear.”

Butsomeexpertssaythatrisinguniversitycosts，poorlong-termjobprospects，andadropingraduaterecruitmentmeanit’stheworsttimetobeauniversitystudentintheUK.

1.Whentheauthorsays“there’sbeenevenmoreofascrambleforplaces”（Para.3），hemeans.

A.morepeoplehaveappliedtouniversity

B.thereismorecompetitionbetweenthecandidates

C.therearemoreservicesthathelpfinduniversityplaces

D.moreplacesareavailable

答案　B

解+析　句意理解题。

根据第三段最后一句“Somesourcessaysixstudentshaveappliedforeachremainingundergraduateuniversityplace.”可知，每个名额都有6个学生申请，可见竞争非常激烈，故选B。

2.AccordingtoUCAS，thereareaboutuniversityapplicantsthisyear.

A.190,000B.46,000

C.236,000D.760,000

答案　D

解+析　数字计算题。

由第四段中的“UCAS，saysuptoaquarterofthisyear’suniversityapplicants—almost190,000people—stilldon’thaveaplaceonadegreecourse.”可知，190000人是今年大学申请者的四分之一，因此今年大学申请者的数量是190000×4＝760000人，故选D。

3.DavidWillettsencouragesstudentsfacedwiththelackofplacesonadegreecourse.

A.toconsiderapprenticeshipsandstudyingathome

B.tostudyatcampusoutsidetheUK

C.toaskClearingforhelp

D.nottogotouniversityintheUK

答案　A

解+析　细节理解题。

根据第六段中的“DavidWilletts，encouragesstudentswhohaven’tmadethegradetoconsideralternativestouniversity，suchasapprenticeshipsandstudyingathome”可知，DavidWilletts鼓励分数不够上大学的学生考虑其他选择，例如去做学徒或是在家学习，故选A。

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonthatmaymakethisyeartheworsttimetoenteruniversity?

A.Itcostsmoretostudyatuniversity.

B.Long-termjobprospectsareworse.

C.Universitiesofferplacesinothercountries.

D.Therearefewerchancestodograduatestudy.

答案　C

解+析　细节理解题。

根据最后一段中的“risinguniversitycosts，poorlong-termjobprospects，andadropingraduaterecruitmentmeanit’stheworsttimetobeauniversitystudentintheUK.”可知，A、B、D三项都是造成这一年学生们最难进入大学的原因。

由第五段可知C项是解决这一问题的方法而非原因。

故选C。

5.Accordingtothepassage，whatcanstudentsdoiftheydon’tgetintotheirfirstchoiceofuniversity?

A.TheycangotoworkinClearing.

B.Theycangetpracticalworkexperienceorskillsandreapplynextyear.

C.TheycanspendtheyearwritingabetterCV.

D.Theydograduatestudyathome.

答案　B

解+析　细节理解题。

根据第七段中的“Peopleareabletoreapply...whichwouldhelptheirapplication—gettingpracticalworkexperienceorextraskills”可知，未能如愿申请入学的学生应尽可能利用这一年做一些能帮助他们申请的事情，即取得实际的工作经验或技能，明年再重新申请，故选B。

B

ThepublichasvotedtheX-raymachineasthebestinvention.Outofnearly50,000votescast，oneinfivepeoplenameditforhavingmadethegreatestimpactonthepast，presentandfuture.

Tenofthemostsignificantobjectsinscience，engineering，technologyandmedicinewereselectedforthevote.InformationonalltheitemsisfoundattheScienceMuseuminLondon.

Thefirstthreepositionswerefilledbymedicalinventionsordiscoveries，theX-raymachinebeingfollowedbythediscoveriesofpenicillinandtheDNAdoublehelix（螺旋）structure.

X-raysprovidedthefirstpossibilityoflookinginsidesomeone’sbodywithoutcuttingthemopen—amassivemedicaladvance.

TheparticularX-raymachineinquestion—theReynoldsmachineintheMuseum’sMakingtheModernWorldGallery—wasa“do-it-yourself”experimentbyafatherandhissonwhoweresoinspiredbynewsofthediscoveryoftheX-raythattheysetaboutbuildingtheequipmentintheirownhome.

Museumcurator（馆长）KatieMaggssaid.“It’sveryinspirationaltoyoungscientiststolearnthataninventionnowdeclaredthemostimportantinworldhistorycouldbepioneeredbyenthusiasticamateurinventors.”

ProfessorAndyAdam，presidentoftheRoyalCollegeofRadiologists，wasdelightedtolearnoftheresult.

HesaidthattheX-raymachinehadrevolutionizedmedicalpracticeandthatthetechnologyhadnowadvancedsomuchthatwearereachingtheeraofthe“transparentpatient”.

CultureSecretaryBenBradshawsaid，“AnycompetitionthatpitstheApollo10spacecraftagainstStephenson’sRocket，andtheDNAdoublehelixagainsttheModelTFord，isboundtoprovidemanytalkingpoints.”

“Thepublic’s