河北省衡水中学届高三上学期一轮复习周测英语试题解析版.docx
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河北省衡水中学届高三上学期一轮复习周测英语试题解析版
河北省衡水中学2020届高三上学期一轮复习周测
英语试题
第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
A
It’srarethatyouseethewords“shyness”and“letter”inthesamesentence.Afterall,thecommonviewpointisthatthoseoutgoingandsociableguysmakegreatpublicspeakersandexcellentnetworkersandthatthoseshypeoplearenot.AsurveyconductedbyUSATodayreferredto65percentofexecutiveswhobelievedshynesstobeabarriertoleadership.Interestingly,thesamearticlestressesthatroughly40percentofleadersactuallyarequiteshy—they'rejustbetteratadaptingthemselvestosituationaldemands.BillGates,WarrenBuffetandCharlesSchwabarejustafew"innies".
Unliketheiroutgoingcounterpartswhoaremoresensitivetorewardsandrisk-taking,shypeopletakeacautiousapproachtochance.Ratherthantheflashychit-chatthatdefinessocialgathering,shypeoplelistenattentivelytowhatotherssayandabsorbitbeforetheyspeak.They'renotthinkingaboutwhattosaywhiletheotherpersonisstilltalking,butratherlisteningsotheycanlearnwhattosay.Alongthesamelines,shypeopleshareacommonloveoflearning.Theyareintrinsically(内在地)motivatedandthereforeseekcontentregardlessofachievinganoutsidestandard.
Beingshycanalsobringotherbenefits.Rememberbeinginschoolandhearingthesamekidscontribute,untilshylittleJohnny,whoalmostneversaidaword,cutin?
Thenwhathappened?
EveryoneturnedaroundtolookwithgreatrespectatlittleJohnnyactuallytalking.Thisishowshypeoplemadegooduseoftheirpowerofpresence:
they"own"themomentbyspeakingcalmlyandpurposefully,whichtranslatetoapositiveimage.
Shynessisoftenrelatedtomodesty.Nottosaythatlimelight-seekersaren'tmodest,butshypeopletendtohaveanaccuratesenseoftheirabilitiesandachievements.Asaresult,theyareabletoacknowledgemistakes,imperfections,knowledgegapsandlimitations.
Sinceshypeoplehavealowersensitivitytooutsiderewardsthanoutgoingones,they'remorecomfortableworkingwithlittleinformationandstickingtotheirinnerdesires.Shypeoplearealsomorelikelytoinsistonfindingsolutionsthataren'tprimarilyapparent.Don'tbelieveme?
Maybeyou'llbelieveAlbertEinstein,whooncesaid,"It'snotthatI'msosmart,it'sthatIstaywithproblemslonger."Obviously,findingcertaintywhereuncertaintyistypicallypopularisahugeplusforanysuccessfulperson.
Themyththatshypeoplearelesseffectiveleadersthantheiroutgoingfellowsisjustamisunderstanding.Makewiseuseofyourpersonalitystrengthstoleadyourbusinessnomatterwhatsideoftherangeyoufallon.
1.WecanlearnfromParagraph2that_______.
A.shypeoplearesensitivetorewards
B.shypeoplecaremoreaboutcontent
C.outgoingpeoplearemorecarefulaboutchances
D.outgoingpeopleconsiderwhattolearnwhilelistening
2.TheexampleofJohnnyshows______.
A.shypeoplearelikelytobemodest
B.hardworkingstudentsspeaklittleinpublic
C.somestudentskeepsilentonpurposeatschool
D.shypeoplemayhaveanadvantageindiscussion
3.WecanlearnfromtheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph5that______.
A.shynessresultsinsuccess
B.shynesscontributestopopularity
C.outsiderewardleadstoinsistence
D.uncertaintycountsmorethancertainty
4.Theauthorsupportshisideasmainlyby______.
A.givingdefinitionsandpresentingresearchresults
B.explainingproblemsandprovidingsolutions
C.quotingauthoritiesandmakingevaluations
D.makingcontrastsandgibingexamples
【答案】1.B2.D3.A4.D
【解析】试题分析:
本文属于科普说明文,主要分析了生性害羞的人与外向的人相比有着一定的优势。
1.B推理判断题。
根据第二段二、三句Ratherthantheflashychit-chatthatdefinessocialgathering,shypeoplelistenattentivelytowhatotherssayandabsorbitbeforetheyspeak.They'renotthinkingaboutwhattosaywhiletheotherpersonisstilltalking,butratherlisteningsotheycanlearnwhattosay.可知害羞的人很认真地听其他人所说的内容并消化吸收。
他们认真地听是因为他们可以从别人所说的话中学到很多。
这些都说明害羞的人实际上非常在意别人说话的内容。
故B正确。
2.D推理判断题。
根据第三段最后一句Thisishowshypeoplemadegooduseoftheirpowerofpresence:
they"own"themomentbyspeakingcalmlyandpurposefully,whichtranslatetoapositiveimage.可知很害羞不愿意表达自己观点的Johnny一直都没有说话,但他突然插话,所有人都转身听他陈述观点,他镇定地陈述了自己的思想。
这个例子说明因为害羞的人平时很少说话,但是一旦发表观点了,别人就很在意。
在讨论中往往会有一点优势,故D项正确。
3.A句意理解题。
根据前句Shypeoplearealsomorelikelytoinsistonfindingsolutionsthataren'tprimarilyapparent.害羞的人更可能坚持找到并不是很明显的问题的解决方法。
这说明害羞的人很专注于自己的问题。
故A项正确。
4.D写作手法题。
作者在文章中主要通常把害羞的人和外向的人进行比较,也通过举例说明的方法说明害羞的人在各方面都有一些优势。
故D正确。
考点:
考查说明文阅读
B
“Can’tholdacandleto”isapopularexpression.Whentherewasn’telectricity,someonewouldhaveaservantlighthiswaybyholdingacandle.Theexpressionmeantthatthepersonwhocannotholdacandletoyouisnotfiteventobeyourservant.Now,itmeanssuchapersoncannotcompareorcompete.
Anotherexpressionis“holdyourtongue.”Itmeanstobestillandnottalk.“Holdyourtongue”isnotsomethingyouwouldtellafriend.Butaparentorteachermightusetheexpressiontoquietanoisychild.
“Holdout”isanexpressiononehearsofteninsportsreportsandlabornews.Itmeanstorefusetoplayorwork.Professionalfootballandbaseballplayers“holdout”iftheirteamrefusestopaythemwhattheythinktheyareworth.
Theexpression“holdup”hasseveraldifferentmeanings.Oneisarobbery.Amanwithagunmaysay,“Thisisaholdup.Givemeyourmoney.”Anothermeaningistodelay.Adriverwhowasheldupbyheavytrafficmightbelateforwork.Anothermeaningisforastorytobeconsideredtrueafteraninvestigation.Astorycanholdupifitisprovedtrue.
“Holdon”isanotherexpression,whichmeanswaitorstop.Asyouleaveforschool,yourbrothermaysay,“Holdon,youforgotyourbook.”Itisusedtoaskatelephonecallertowaitandnothanguphistelephone.
Ourfinalexpressionis“holdtheline.”Thatmeanstokeepaproblemorsituationfromgettingworse—toholdsteady.Forexample,thepresidentmaysayhewill“holdthelineontaxes.”Hemeanstherewillbenoincreaseintaxes.
5.Theexpression“can’tholdacandleto”canbeusedwhen_______.
A.somefootballersrefusetoplayagame
B.someoneelseiswantedonthephone
C.someoneisnotqualifiedforaposition
D.someonewasdelayedbyheavytraffic
6.Thetuneofthephrase“holdyourtongue”isprobablyalittle_______.
A.amusingB.polite
C.unfriendlyD.offensive
7.Ifsometeachers“holdout”,theyprobably______.
A.changetheirattitudeB.refusetowork
C.makeacompromiseD.showtheirdevotion
8.Whichofthefollowingsentencescanconveypositivemeanings?
A.IwaslateasIwasheldupbyaholdup.
B.Holdon!
Youhavetopaythebill,sir.
C.Youcan’tevenholdacandletoMichael.
D.Ipromisetoholdthelineonhouseprices.
【答案】5.C6.C7.B8.D
【解析】试题分析:
本文属于文化类说明文,介绍了英语中几个常用的短语,介绍了每个短语的内在含义和具体使用语境并举例进行了说明。
5.C推理判断题。
根据第一段后2行Theexpressionmeantthatthepersonwhocannotholdacandletoyouisnotfiteventobeyourservant.Now,itmeanssuchapersoncannotcompareorcompete.这个短语是指那些不会给你拿蜡烛的人是不适合做你的仆人的,也就是说这样的人是不合格的。
故该短语是指C项含义。
6.C推理判断题。
根据文章第二段Anotherexpressionis“holdyourtongue.”Itmeanstobestillandnottalk.“Holdyourtongue”isnotsomethingyouwouldtellafriend.课holdyourtongue表示让对方不要说话,保持安静。
这是一个不太礼貌的用语。
不是我们经常和朋友讲的用语。
故C正确。
7.B推理判断题。
根据文章第三段第二句.Itmeanstorefusetoplayorwork.可知holdout表示罢工或者拒绝工作。
如果老师holdout说明老师拒绝上课了。
故B项正确。
8.D推理判断题。
根据文章最后一段Thatmeanstokeepaproblemorsituationfromgettingworse—toholdsteady可知holdtheline表示不让事情失败,让事情保持稳定。
这个短语表示的是褒义。
故D正确。
考点:
考查说明文阅读
C
Howcanwereducetherisk?
Therearefourgeneralapproachestodealingwithvolcanic(火山似的)dangers.Wecantrytokeepthedangerfromoccurring—oftenanimpossibletask.Wecantrytochangeitspathorreduceitsimpactonexistingdevelopment.Wecantakestepstoprotectfuturedevelopment.Wecanalsodoourbesttohavedisasterresponseplansinplacebeforetheyareneeded.
RemovingtheThreat
Clearly,thereisnowaytostopaneruption.Wecan,however,attempttoreducetheeruption’seffectsbystrengtheningstructures,forexample,buildingprotectiveworkssuchaswallstomakelava(熔岩)flowawayfromdevelopedareas.Sucheffortscanbeandhavebeensuccessful,butareoflimiteduseinalarge-scale(范围)eruption.
PlanningfortheFuture
Protectingfuturedevelopmentfromvolcanicdangersisasimpletask.Beforebuildinghouses,weshouldjudgetherisk.Iftheriskseemstoogreat,asaferlocationshouldbefound.Thistypeofplanningisveryeffective,butalltoooften,peoplearedrawntothelush(葱郁的),rollinglandofaquietvolcano.
DisasterPreparedness(预案)
Whenavolcanocomestolife,afewweeksmaynotbeenoughtoavoidatragedy.Planningisthekeytosavinglives.Wellbeforethewarningsignsoccur,peoplemustbeeducatedaboutvolcanicdangers.Escapeplansmustbeinplace.Communicationbetweenscientists,officials,themedia,andthegeneralpublicshouldbepracticed.Emergencymeasuresmustbethoughtoutandagreedupon.
Ifyoudoubttheimportanceoftheseefforts,takeanotherlookatpastvolcanictragedies,suchastheeruptionofNevadodelRuiz.CommunicationfailuresleftthetownofArmerounpreparedforescape.Whenadeadlymudflowcamedowntheslope(斜坡),21,000people—90percentofthetown’speople—died.
9.Thepassageisintendedfor_______.
A.thegeneralpublicB.architects
C.adventurersD.geographers
10.Whenbuildinghouses,peopletendto______.
A.judgevolcanicdangerscarefully
B.takevolcanicdangersseriously
C.livenearaquietvolcano
D.findasaferplacefarawayfromavolcano
11.ThewritermentionedNevadodelRuiztoprove______.
A.thefailuretokeepvolcanicdangersfromhappening
B.theimportanceofpreparingforavolcaniceruption
C.thebra