第3部分阅读理解技能.docx
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第3部分阅读理解技能
Part3英语阅读理解技巧
(阅读理解始终是外语学习和考试重点)
一.阅读理解的测试要点如下:
1.理解主旨大意;2.寻读具体信息;3.理解细节;
4.推测生词词义,5.简单的判断和理解;6.理解文段的基本逻辑结构;7.理解作者的意图和态度;8.理解指代关系。
个人收集整理勿做商业用途
高考命题的实际情况看,命题者常用下述方法提问:
1.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?
2.WhatdoestheauthormainlytellUSaboutinthepassage?
个人收集整理勿做商业用途
3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?
4.Itcanbeconcludedfromthetextthat?
5.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?
6.Whatisthegeneralidea/mainideaofthetext?
7.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext/forthearticle?
个人收集整理勿做商业用途
8.Theunderlinedword"X"/mean.?
9.Thetextismainlywrittentoexplain.
10.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
11.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthetext?
个人收集整理勿做商业用途
阅读技巧
1.略读;
2.找读;
3.理解大意;
4.猜测词义;
二、文章分类分析
文章一般可分为说明文、论说文、叙述文以及广告等。
(一)阅读理解之细节题的解题思路
主题思想只是文章的框架,作者在构思过程中,还必须对要表达的观点或信息进行具体的陈述,读者应能准确记住作者在陈述中谈到是何人、何处、何事、和何时何故,这是十分重要的。
因此,读者必须重视人名、日期、事实、数据和地点等。
个人收集整理勿做商业用途
细读是获取事实和细节不可缺少的方法之一
1.问句式
解题技巧
带着问题找句子,先看文章后面的问题(这常常被认为是非常有效的方法),注意记忆关键的词语,如。
人物、时间、事件等,个人收集整理勿做商业用途
Cattlehaveservedhumanitysinceprehistoric(史前)daysasbeastsofburdenandassupplierofleather,meat,andmilk.Someoftheearliestwrittenrecordsconcernthesaleofcattle.Thesevaluableanimalsareunusualinthattheydonothavefrontteethintheirupperjaw.Insteadtheychewwiththeirbackteethandgums(齿龈).Cowsswallowtheirfoodquicklyandstoreitinthefatstomachorrumen,thefirstofthefourcompartmentsstomachsintheir.个人收集整理勿做商业用途
Questions:
Accordingtothepassage,whatistherumen?
个人收集整理勿做商业用途
A.Thefirststomachcompartment.
B.Thenameoftheupperjaw.
C.Thestomachwheredigestion(消化)takesplace.
D.Thenameofthebacteria(细菌)inthecow'sstomach.个人收集整理勿做商业用途
2.不完整的陈述句式
解题技巧:
第一步,阅读题目,找出问题的发问中心。
第二步,带着这些问题来阅读文章。
第三步,根据前两步的分析和判断,选择出最符合题意的答案。
个人收集整理勿做商业用途
3.排除式
常见形式有:
WhichofthefollowingareNOTmentionedinthepassage?
个人收集整理勿做商业用途
WhichofthefollowingisNotTRUE?
解题技巧:
做这类题时,首先要仔细阅读题后的选项,牢记各个选项所阐述的不同内容,然后阅读原文。
凡是原文中的信息与选择项内容相同的,我们可以在这些信息下面划线,以作为排除的内容。
如果基本选项的内容在原文找不到相应的信息,那么该选项即为该题的答案。
个人收集整理勿做商业用途
LifeonLand
Lifeonlandprobablybeganabout430millionyearsago,thoughithasexistedinthewaterforperhapsaslongas3000millionyears.Whenwethinkofthefirstlifeonland,weprobablythinkofstrangeanimalscomingoutoftheoceans,but,infact,noanimalscouldhavebeenlivingifplantshadnotbeenonlandfirst.Plantshadtobeonlandbeforeanimalsarrived.Theysuppliedthefirstlandanimalswiththesurroundingandfoodnecessary,sincethey--theplantsaretheonlyformoflifethatisabletogetandstoreenergy.个人收集整理勿做商业用途
Thefirstplantstoexistoutofthewaterwereprobablycertainkindsofalgae(海藻)whichwerefollowedbyotherplantsthatgrewclosetothegroundandneededwaterinwhichtoreproduce.个人收集整理勿做商业用途
WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?
A.Algaehaveexistedformorethan430millionyears.个人收集整理勿做商业用途
B.Itisimpossiblethatalgaemightbetheearliestplantonland.个人收集整理勿做商业用途
C.Plantsgetfoodfromanimalsintheoceans.
D.Evolutionbeganafteranimalsappearedonland.
(二)阅读理解之准确找出主题句
阅读理解的技巧中非常重要的一点是在阅读中迅速地抓住文章或段落的中心思想。
1.首句是主题句的规律
主题句是首句的段落总是用演绎法撰写,遵循从一般到个别或特殊的写作程序,即以概述开段,随之辅以细说。
这样的段落在文章中出现得最多,概率达到70%。
请看下例:
个人收集整理勿做商业用途
Peoplewhotalkandsingtoplantshavenomentalproblemsatall,accordingtoanagriculturalexpert."Infact,singingandtalkingtoplantsmakesthemgrowbetter,"saysDrBraymar.Thereasonisquitesimple.Whenwesingortalktoplants,weexhale(呼出)CO2whichplantsneedtosurvive(continuetolive)andgrowbetter.Plantsabsorb(takein)CO2throughtheirpores(小孔)duringthesunlighthoursandproduceoxygenwhichpeopletosurvive.Singingandtalkinghavegoodeffectonplants,however,onlyduringthedaytime.Singingortalkingatbedtimewillnothelpplantstogrowbetterorgrowfaster.个人收集整理勿做商业用途
2.段落尾句是主题句的规律
尾句是主题句的段落总是用归纳法撰写的,其程序是先表述细节或交代论据,最后作出概括性的结论,以总结性的句子收尾。
个人收集整理勿做商业用途
Ifyouhadn'tknownthem,youwouldhavethoughtJoeandJimwerequitealike.Theywerebothtallandworelongandfairhair.Theybothwalkedwithasteadystride(坚定的步伐).Theybothspokeinadeepvoicethatmadethemselvesseemmucholderthantheyreallywere.Bothofthemworedarkclothesasarule,andtheylikedlightcolouredties.Butthatwasallthelikenesstheyhad.Inotherthingstheyweresharplydifferent.Joewasconsiderateandhelpful,andeveryonelikedhim.Jim,however,wasveryselfishandoftenflaredintoterribleanger(勃然大怒)atlittlethingsthatdispleasedhim.AlikeasJoeandJimwereonthesurface,theywerereallyverydifferentinnature.个人收集整理勿做商业用途
3.段落中间句是主题句的规律
这样段落先以一句或几句为主题句的出现作铺垫,或是交代一个细节或论据。
在主题句出场后,仍有适当数量的句子陈述细节或继续给予例证。
个人收集整理勿做商业用途
Whenyouthrowaballupintotheairasfastasyoucan,theballreachesapointwhereitseemstopauseforamoment,andthenitcomesdown.Whenabullet(子弹)isshotstraightup,itwilltravelmuchfasterandhigherthanaball,butit,too,willcomedown.Whatevergoesupmustcomedown.Wehaveal-waysthoughtthistobetrue.Anairplanemayclimbtoaheightofseventeenmilesandthentravelfarandlong.Yetitdoesnotstayupforever.Finally,likeevery-thingelse,theplanemustcomedown.个人收集整理勿做商业用途
(三)如何抓住长句的核心
如何抓住长句的核心
句子的核心(thecoreofasentence),就是指句子最主要的成分:
主语、谓语动词及其宾语或表语。
个人收集整理勿做商业用途
实例Twentystudentshadjustclimbedtheirwaytothetoprung(最高的台阶)outoffourmillionstudentstakingpartintheFifthNationalHuaLuogengGoldCupMathematicsContestonTues-clayeveningatJintanCounty,JiangsuProvince.个人收集整理勿做商业用途
分析过程的演示:
句子的核心:
students...climbed...way
句子的一系列细节:
Howmany:
twentyoutoffourmillion
Whatresult:
tothetoprung
Whatthing:
theFifthNationalHuaLuogengGoldCupMathematicsContest个人收集整理勿做商业用途
Doingwhat:
takingpartinthe...Contest
When:
Tuesdayevening
Where:
JintanCounty,JiangsuProvince
2.找出谓语动词是抓住核心的关键
Sometimesananimalhasaplantpartner.Therelationshipdevelopsuntilthetwopartnerscannotmanagewithouteachother.Thisissoincorals(珊瑚)ofthesea.Intheirskins,coralshavetinyplantswhichactas"dustmen",takingsomeofthewasteproductsfromthecoralandgivinginreturnoxygenwhichtheanimalneedsverymuchtobreathe.个人收集整理勿做商业用途
3.语法分析法是准确理解细节行之有效的方法
(四)猜词技巧
(1)根据构词法(转化、合成、派生)进行判断:
前缀(prefix),后缀(suffix),从而构成一个词,"Ourpartiesareaimedforchildren2to10,"Anacleriosaid,"andthey'reveryinteractiveandcreativeinthattheybuiltasenseofdramabasedonasubject."个人收集整理勿做商业用途
(2)根据上下文解释作出判断:
ShanghaiBashiTourismCarRentalCentreoffersawidevarietyofchoices—deluxesedans,minivans,stationwagons,coaches,Santanasedansarethebigfavourite.个人收集整理勿做商业用途
(3)根据上下文的指代关系进行选择:
文章中的代词it,that,he,him或them可以指上文提到的人或物,其中it和that还可以指一件事。
个人收集整理勿做商业用途
However,thequestionthat"moonpeople"askedisstillaninterestingone.Agrowingnumberofscientistsareseriouslythinkingaboutit.个人收集整理勿做商业用途
(4)根据转折或对比关系进行判断:
Achild'sbirthdaypartydoesn'thavetobeahassle;itcallbeabasketoffun。
(5)根据因果关系进行判断:
个人收集整理勿做商业用途
Biggestpowerfailureinthecity'shistory...Allofourice—creamandfrozenfoodsmelted.个人收集整理勿做商业用途
(6)根据同位关系进行判断:
阅读中有时出现新词、难词,后面就跟着一个同位语,对前面的词进行解释,有时这种解释也用连词“or”连接。
例如:
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...,andotherGermanicandNordicpeoples,whospokewhatwenowcallAnglo-Saxon(oroldEnglish),aGermaniclanguage.个人收集整理勿做商业用途
高考英语阅读训练(A)
Havingoneofthosedays–orweeks–wheneverythingseemstoannoyyou?
Evenifyoudonothingaboutit.yourhadmoodwillprobablygoawayaftersometime.Butwithalittleeffort,youcanforgetitmuchfaster-oftenwithinadayortwo.个人收集整理勿做商业用途
※Walkitoff
Exerciseisthemostpopularbad-moodbuster.Apersonwho'sinabadmoodhaslowenergyandhightension.Takingafastten-minutewalk,ordoingsomequickexercisecandowonderstowardschangingthatbadmood.个人收集整理勿做商业用途
※Tuneitout
Listeningtoyourfavoritemusicforawhilecanalsomaketensiongoawayquickly,becausemusicstartsassociationswithpastpositiveexperienceswe'vehad.个人收集整理勿做商业用途
※Giveyourselfapeptalk
Stopandlistentowhat'sonyourmind.Badmoodsareoftenstartedbytoomanynegativethoughts.Writethemalldownonpaper---thepessimistic(悲观的)messagesyou'vebeengivingyourselfandthengiveoptimisticanswers.("Istilldon'thaveajob."Vs"Ihavetwointerviewsnextweek.")个人收集整理勿做商业用途
※Reduceyourstress
Relaxationtechniquesarewonderfulmoodlifters.Theseincludedeepbreathing,stretchingandvisualizing(想像),allofwhichsoundcomplicatedbutaren't.Oneeasywaytovisualize:
closeyoureyesandpictureafavoriteplace,suchasthebeach.Anothersimplewaytodistressistomakeato-dolist.Onereasonforbeinginabadmoodisfeelingyouhavenooptions(选择).Bytakingcontrolovercertainareas,yourealizeyou'renothelpless.Youcanmakechangesinyourmoodandlife.个人收集整理勿做商业用途
※Avoidthingsthatwon'timproveyourmood
TVmaynothelpmuch:
Youneedtoincreaseyourenergylevelandstimulate(刺激)yourmind—somethingthatTVshow"Neighbors"won'tdo.Andbeforeyoureachforthatpieceofcakeandcoffee,thinkabouthowmoodandfoodarelinked.Sugarandcaffeinecontributetodepressedmoods.Thebetterchoice?
Researchshowsthatcarbohydrates,suchaspotatoesandpasta,produceacalmingeffectsinpeoplewhohaveadesireforthem.个人收集整理勿做商业用途
60.Welearnfromthetextthatitmighthelpusstopabadmoodto______.个人收集整理勿做商业用途
A.donothingaboutitB.dosomeexercisewithlightmusic个人收集整理勿做商业用途
C.takealongwalkonthebeachD.talkittoneighbors个人收集整理勿做商业用途
61.Whyisitsuggestedthatyoucloseyoureyesandpicturethebeach?
个人收集整理勿做商业用途
A.ItisnotcomplicatedtodosoB.Itisanareatobeeasilycon