中央电大部分专业本科学士学位英语统一考试真题与答案A卷.docx

中央电大部分专业本科学士学位英语统一考试真题与答案A卷.docx

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中央电大部分专业本科学士学位英语统一考试真题与答案A卷

中央电大本科学士学位英语统一考试真题（A卷）

2008年11月

注意事项

　　一、本场考试时间为上午9：

00——11：

00.

　　二、考生务必在答题卡上用黑色字迹签字笔填写自己的准考证号、姓名和学校，再用2B铅笔把对应准考证号码的标号涂黑。

　　三、请考生仔细阅读题目的说明。

　　四、答案必须按要求写在答题卡规定的位置上，凡是写在试题册上的答案一律作废。

五、答题时，PartⅠ至PartⅣ部分用2B铅笔按示例填涂，如：

[■][B][C][D]，用其它符号答题者不记分。

修改时，必须先用橡皮擦去原来选定的答案，然后再按要求重新作答。

六、PartV部分必须用黑色字迹的签字笔在答题卡规定区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框区域的答案无效。

PartIReadingComprehension（30%）

　　Directions:

Therearethreepassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.

Passage1

Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

ScientistsinIndiahaveinventedanewwaytoproduceelectricity.Theirinventiondoesnotgetitspowerfromoil,coalorotherfuels.Itproduceselectricitywiththepowerofanimals.Indiahasabouteightymillionbullocks.Theydoallkindsofjobs.Theyworkinthefields.Theypullvehiclesthroughthestreets.Theycarrywatercontainers.（76）Indianenergyofficialshavebeenseekingwaystouselessimportedoiltoprovideenergy.ScientistsattheNationalInstituteforIndustrialEngineeringinBombaywonderedwhetherthemillionsofbullockscouldhelp.ManyvillagesinIndialackelectricity,buttheyhavemanybullocks.Andoftentheanimalsarenotworking.Onejobdonebybullocksistopumpwateroutofthewell.Theanimalsdothisbywalkingaroundandaroundinacircle.Astheywalk,theyturnaheavystickthatmakesthepumpmove. Thissimpletechnologyiscenturiesold.Scientiststhoughtthatthesametechnologycouldbeusedtoproduceelectricity.Bullockswalkinacircleonlytwoorthreetimesaminute.Thisismuchtooslowtoproduceelectricity,butitcancreateenoughpowertoturnaseriesofgears.Alargegearsitsnexttoasmallergear.Asthelargegearturns,itcausesthesmallergeartoturn.Thatgearturnsanevensmallerone.Eachgearmovesfasterbecauseitisalittlesmaller.Thesmallestgearmayturnextremelyfast.（77）Clocksoperatewithgears.Sodocarsandsodoesthedeviceinventedbythe Indianscientiststoproduceelectricity.

　　AccordingtotheofficialsintheUnitedNations,theideaisbeingtestedatseveralplacesinIndia.Thedeviceiseasytooperateandrepair.Anditcanbemovedeasily.Itcostsaboutthreehundredandsevendollarsnowtomakesuchadevice,butproductionoflargenumbersofthemcouldcutthecostofeachtoabouttwohundreddollars.

1.Whofirstthoughtofusingbullockstoprovideenergy?

A.Indianenergyofficials.

B.ScientistsinIndia.

C.OfficialsintheUnitedNations.

D.ResearchersinEurope.

2.WhichkindofjobthatthebullocksdoisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

A.Pullingvehicles.

B.Plowingfields.

C.Pumpingwateroutifwells.

D.Carryingfoodbaskets.

3.WhyarebullocksusedtoprovideenergyinIndia?

A.BecausebullockshavelongbeenusedbyIndianpeople.

B.Becausebullockswalkslowlyandareeasytocontrol

C.Becausetherearefewnon-workingbullocksinIndia.

D.BecausethereisnotenoughoilinIndia.

4.Inthesentence“Thissimpletechnologyiscenturiesold” in ParagraphOne,“Thissimpletechnology”refersto_____.

A.usingbullockstoproduceenergy

B.usingpumpstodrawwaterout

C.havingbullockswalkaroundtomakethepumpmove

D.connectinggearsofdifferentsizestoproduceelectricity

5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthedevicementionedinthepassage?

A.Ithasalargegearandasmallergear.

B.It’seasytouse,butdifficulttomove.

C.It’squitecheap.

D.It’sstillbeingtested.

Passage2

　　Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

　　On-the-jobsmokingisahotissueforbothsmokersandnon-smokers,andmanymanagersnowseesmokingasaproductivityproblem.Althoughsomepeoplequestionwhethersmokingreallyaffectsone’sproductivity,ithas,infact,beenproventhatasmokercostsacompanymorethananon-smoker.AccordingtoProfessorWilliamWeis,asmokingemployeecostshisorheremployerabout$5,700moreayearthananever-smoker.Thesecostsincludemedicalcare,lostearningsandinsurance.Andabsenceduetosmokingbreaksisoneoftheproductivityproblems,yetitaccountsforagreatdealofemployercosts.

　　（78） Whentheissueofsmokingattheworkplaceisdiscussed,perhapsthemostimportantproblemisthehealthriskthatsmokingcausestobothsmokersandnever-smokers.Ithaslongbeenproventhatsmokingislinkedtolungcancer.Nowmanyhealthexpertswarnthatpassivesmokingcancauselungcancerandotherillnessesinhealthynever-smokers.Passivesmokingcanbedefinedasexposuretosecond-handtobaccosmokeinenclosedareas.Anyonewhohasbeenwithsmokersindeedknowsthattheirsmokecancauseeyeirritation,coughing,headachesandthroatsoreness.Whileeyeirritationmayseemasmallthingtosomesmokers,itneverthelessisaproblemthatoccurseveryworkdayinofficesandbreak-roomsandcanleadtogreaterhealthproblems.Employeeswhodonotsmokeshouldnotbesubjectedtotherisksofpassivesmokingandneedtobeabletoworkinasafeenvironment.SurgeonGeneralKoopstatesthattherightofthesmokerstopsatthepointwherehisorhersmokingincreasesthediseaseriskofthoseoccupyingthesameenvironment.

6.Allthefollowingcasesareon-the-jobsmokingexceptthat____.

A.anemployersmokeswhileworkingintheoffice

B.ataxidriversmokeswhiledrivingthecar

C.aworkersmokeswhileworkingintheworkshop

D.aworkersmokeswhilereadinginthetrain

7.Accordingtothepassage,on-the-jobsmokingaffectsanemployee’sperformanceintheofficeinthat_____.

A.hecanconcentrateonwhatheisdoingwhilesmoking

B.heoftengoesawayfromhisdesktosmokeinthebreak-room.

C.heoftenasksforsickleaveasaresultoftoomuchsmoking.

D.hetakesarestfromtimetotimebecauseofeyeirritation

8.Manymanagersdonotseemtobeinfavorofon-the-jobsmokingmainlybecauseit____.

A.reducesproductivityofthecompanytoacertaindegree

B.doesharmtothehealthofnever-smokersofthecompany.

C.affectstherelationshipbetweensmokersandnon-smokers

D.makesthebreak-roomsmorecrowdedandmorepolluted

9.Passivesmokingmeans____

A.never-smokerstakeupthehabitofsmokingunwillingly

B.never-smokershavetoputupwiththeactivesmokers

C.never-smokerstakeinsmokereleasedbyalitcigarette

D.never-smokersshareanenclosedareawithsmokers

10.Inthesecondpartofthepassage,theauthorsuggestsbanningon-the-jobsmokingsoasto____.

A.cutdowncostsofmedicalcareandinsurance

B.createahealthyandsafeworkingenvironment

C.preventeyeirritationfrombecomingabighealthproblem

D.improvethesmokingemployees’workefficiency

Passage3

　　Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage

　　Notallmemoriesaresweet.Somepeoplespendalltheirlivestryingtoforgetbadexperiences.Violenceandtrafficaccidentscanleavepeoplewithterriblephysicalandemotional scars.Oftentheyrelivetheseexperiencesinnightmares（噩梦）.

　　（79）NowAmericanresearchersthinktheyareclosetodevelopingapill,whichwillhelppeopleforgetbadmemories.Thepillisdesignedtobetakenimmediatelyafterafrighteningexperience.Theyhopeitmightreduce,orpossiblyerase（抹去）,theeffectofpainfulmemories.

　　InNovember,expertstestedadrugonpeopleintheUSandFrance.Thedrugstopsthebodyreleasingchemicalsthatfixmemoriesinthebrain.（80）Sofartheresearchhassuggestedthatonlytheemotionaleffectsofmemoriesmaybereduced,notthatthememoriesareerased.

　　Theresearchhascausedagreatdealofargument.Somethinkitisabadidea,whileotherssupportit.

　　Supporterssayitcouldleadtopillsthatpreventortreatsoldiers’troublingmemoriesafterwar.Theysaythattherearemanypeoplewhosufferfromterriblememories.

　　“Somememoriescanruinpeople’slives.Theycomebacktoyouwhenyoudon’twanttohavetheminadaydreamornightmare.Theyusuallycomewithverypainfulemotions.”saidRogerPitman,aprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool.“Thiscouldrelievealotofthatsuffering.”

　　Butthosewhoareagainsttheresearchsaythatitisverydangeroustochangememoriesbecausememoriesgiveusouridentity.Theyalsohelpusallavoidthemistakesofthepast.

　　“Allofuscanthinkofbadeventsinourlivedthatwerehorribleatthetimebutmakeuswhoweare.I’mnotsurewewanttowipethosememoriesout,”saidRebeccaDresser,amedicalethicist.

11.Thepassageismainlyabout_____.

A.anewmedicalinvention

B.anewresearchonmemories

Cawayoferasingpainfulmemories

Danargumentabouttheresearchonthepill

12.Thedrugtestedonpeoplecan____.

A.causethebraintofixmemories

B.stoppeoplerememberingtheirexperiences

C.preventbodyproducingcertainchemicals 

D.wipeouttheemotionaleffectsofmemories

13.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_____.

A.peopledoubttheeffectsofthepills

B.thepillwillstoppeople’sbadexperiences

　　C.takingthepillwilldoharmtopeople’shealth

D.thepillhasprobablybeenproducedinAmerica

14.WhichofthefollowingdoesRebeccaDresseragreewith?

A.Somememoriescanruinpeople’slives.

B.Peoplewanttogetridofbadmemories.

C.Experiencingbadeventsmakesusdifferentfromothers.

D.Thepillwillreducepeople’ssufferingsfrombadmemories.

15.Theword“scars”inParagraphOneiscloseinmeaningto____.

A.goodstoriesB.pains

C.experiencesD.m