短文改错形容词副词解析及练习.docx
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短文改错形容词副词解析及练习
短文改错专题
(一)
形容词和副词
一、考点聚焦
1、形容词、副词的语法作用与位置
形容词是用来修饰名词的,常被放在名词前作定语,或放在系动词后面作表语。
而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词,其他副词或者句子,一般位于形容词之前,动词之后或句子之首。
视觉成像
以下属几种特殊情况,须牢记;
(1)形容词短语作定语,定语后置。
alanguagedifficulttomaster,aleaningtowerabout180feethigh
(2)表语形容词(afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等)作定语,定语后置。
如amanalive。
有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、faint、ill只作表语。
sick既可作表语又可作定语,ill如作定语意为“bad”。
(3)用作定语,修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、something等时,通常后置。
如:
Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.
(4)else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。
(5)enough、修饰名词前置,enough修饰形容词、副词时,必须后置。
(6)形容词变副词:
①规则
②例外:
不规则变化(9个)
goodmanysuchfastpretty
earlyenoughnoright
(7)特殊形容词副词
①下列单词以-ly结尾,但却是形容词而非副词:
lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、timely等。
②表愿意(无-ly)和引申意(有-ly)的副词:
deep深wide宽广high高low位置低
deeply深入地widely广泛地highly高度地lowly地位卑微
③有无-ly意义大不相同的副词:
dead完全,绝对bedeadasleep
deadly非常bedeadlytired
pretty相当beprettycertainthat…
prettily漂亮地beprettilydressed
close近Don’tsitclose.
closely密切地Watchclosely!
late晚、迟arrivelate,comelate
lately最近Ihaven’tseenhimlately(recently).
hard
hardly
3、形容词和副词的比较等级
(1)原级的构成和用法。
构成:
形容词、副词的原级即本身。
用法:
表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时,用“as+原级形容词/副词+as”的结构;表示双方不相等时,用“notso(as)+原级形容词/副词+as”的结构;表示一方是另一方的若干倍时,用“倍数+as+原级形容词/副词+as”的结构。
如:
XiaoWangisastallasXiaoYu.
Thisbuildinglooksnotso(as)highasthatone.
MissXuspeaksEnglishasfluentlyasyou.
Thisroomisthreetimesaslargeasthatone.
(2)比较级和最高级的构成。
掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则,熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。
(3)比较级的用法。
①对方比较,表示一方超过另一方时,用“比较级+than”的结构表示。
如:
Thispictureismorebeautifulthanthatone.
②表示一方不及另一方时,用“less+原级+than”的结构表示。
如:
Thisroomislessbeautifulthanthatone.
比较级构成视觉成像
③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可在比较级前加表示程度的状语,如even、alot、abit、alittle、still、much、far、yet、byfar等修饰。
修饰比较级
如:
Heworksevenharderthanbefore.
Hefoundhegot2cmhigherthanoneyearbeforewhenhemeasuredhimselfyesterday.
Marykeptweighingherselftoseehowmuch___shewasgetting.
A.heavierB.heavyC.theheavierD.theheaviest
注意:
英语的比较级前如无even、still或yet等时,译成汉语时可用“较”或“…一些”或不译出,一般不可有“更”。
如:
Sheisbetterthanshewasyesterday
Pleasecomeearliertomorrow.
比较级的特殊结构
另注意:
byfar通常用于强调最高级。
用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面,如在前面,应在二者中间加“the”。
如:
Heistallerbyfarthanhisbrother.
Heisbyfarthetallerofthetwobrothers.
④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时,用“the+比较级(主语+谓语),the+比较级(主语+谓语)”的结构(意为“越……越……”)。
如:
Theharderheworks,thehappierhefeels.
⑤不与其他事物相比,表示本身程度的改变时,用“比较级+and+比较级”的结构。
如:
Theweatherisgettingcolderandcolder.
Thegirlbecomesmoreandmorebeautiful.
⑥某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时,用to代替than。
这些词有inferior(劣等的,次的)、superior(较好的,优于……)、junior(资历较浅的)、senior(资格较老的)、prior(在……之前)等。
Heissuperiortoinchemistry.
⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复,我们通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。
that指物,one既可指人又可指物。
that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,而one只能代替可数名词。
Thebookonthetableismoreinterestingthanthat(或theone)onthedesk.
Aboxmadeofsteelisstrongerthanonemadeofwood.
⑧倍数表达法。
(A)Aisthree(four,etc.)timesthesize(height,length,depth,width,size,weightetc.)ofB.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(高)。
Thenewbuildingisfourtimesthesize(theheight)oftheoldone.这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍(高三倍)。
(B)Aisthree(four,etc.)timesasbig(high,long,etc.)asB.AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。
(C)Aisthree(four,etc.)timesbigger(higher,longer,etc.)thanB.Yourschoolisthreetimesbiggerthanours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。
用times表倍数通常用于三倍以上,两倍可以用twice或double.
比较级与否定词连用表示最高级意义
1)---Whatdoyouthinkofherperformance
---Shecouldn’tbehavebetter./Ihaven’tseensuchabetteronebefore.
2)---Howdoyoulikethemovie
---Itcan’tbe______.Itissoboring
A.goodB.badC.worseD.better
(4)最高级的用法。
①三者或三者以上相比,表示最高程度时,用“the+最高级”的结构表示。
这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。
如:
ZhangHuaisthetallestofthethree.
Heworks(the)hardestinhisclass.
Howmuchdidthesecondmostexpensivehatcost
Heisthetallest(boy)inhisclass.
最高级完整结构:
(7)重要的词语辨析
(A)ago、before,ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”;before指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的“以前”。
泛指“以前”用before而不用ago。
(B)already、yet、still,already表示某事已经发生;yet表示期待某事发生;still表示某事还在进行,主要用于肯定句。
(C)too、also、either,too和also用于肯定句,too多用于口语,also多用于书面语,either用于否定句。
(D)good、well:
与good不同的是,well作形容词,只能在系动词后作表语,表示“身体状况好”,也作副词修饰动词。
本次课重点视觉成像
课堂练习
真题演练
1.MyfriendNicktoldmeastoryabouthisexperiencebackintheUS,whichwasveryinterested.(10全国)
2.IlearnedearlyinlifethatIhadtobemorepatientandlittleaggressive.(12全国)
3.Welivedinacomfortablydouble-roomwithabigbath.(2012陕西)
4.WheneverIthinkoftheolddays,Ifeelveryhappily.(2012重庆)
5.Thefruitsaresmallinsize,butjuicyandtaste.(2014全国)
6.Wearegrowingwonderfullytomatoesatnocost!
(2014全国)
7.Soreallyfriendshipshouldbeabletostandallsortsoftests.(2014全国大纲)
8.Myunclesimmediatejumpedupandshottheirarrowsatthebird.(2014陕西)
9.Lotsofstudieshaveshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaseriouslyproblem.(2015全国)
10.Muchrareanimalsaredyingout.(2015全国I)
11.DadandIwereterribleworried.(2015全国II)
12.It’sbeenthreeSaturdaysnowanditreallycostsmemany.(2015四川)
13.Icouldeasyseethefootballfield.(2015浙江)
14.Mymummakesthebetterbiscuitsintheworld.SoIdecidetoaskherforhelp.(15陕西)
15.Ithoughtthebiscuitswerereallywell.(2015陕西)
16.Interesting,ithadaconnectionwiththeBritishporcelainindustry.(2013全国II)
17.Iremembermygrandfatherverymuch.(2013全国I)
18.Whentheteacherasksusverydifficultyquestions,I’llthinkquicklyandstandtoanswer.(2013全国)
19.NangisaspeciallykindofcakeinXinjiang.(2011全国卷1)
20.Ifyou'dliketomakeatriptoourcitysomeday,Iwillbebetterthanhappytobe
yourguide.(2011全国卷2)
21.Instead,hehopesthathisbusinesswillgrowsteady.(2016全国卷1)
22.Atonetime,Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn’tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreelyfromthem.(2016全国卷3)
23.Theywerealsothebestandworseyearsinmylife.(2016全国卷3)
能力提升
1.Foronereason,whatyouarestudyingisbadneedednowadaysinourcountry.
2.Ihadtotryhardlynottolaughathershockedface!
3.It,ofcourse,willbebeneficiallytoyourunderstandingoftheChineselanguage.
4.Whenshedroppedmeoff,Ipulledoutthetoyslowandgaveitback.
5.Sincehisfamilywasrichthanmine,hehadmoretoysthanIdid.
6.Unfortunate,theproblemwasthejourneyhome.
7.Theassistantwasclearlyasembarrassingasmysister,butIjustthoughtitwasfunny!
8.Somepeopleareagainsttheplan,butmuchmoresupportit.
9.Bettystoodcloselytoherteacherandwatchedcloselywhathewasdoing.
10.I’llalsodoplentyofexercise,whichwon’tdomeanyharmtoo.
11.WheneverIthinkoftheolddays,Ifeelveryhappily.
12.Youwon’tbeabletogetanyfartherinformationuntiltomorrow.
13.WhenIcamebackintothehouse,itwasrainingmoreharderandharder.
14.Ifallthepeopledrivesuchcarsinthefuture,therewillbefewerpollutionintheair.
15.HeknewsuchlittleFrenchthathecouldn’tmakehimselfunderstood.
16.Somepeopleonlineshoppingismoreconvenientandthegoodsarecheap.
17.Johnwassosleepythathecouldhardlykeephiseyesopening.
18.Everyonetriedtheirbesttoreachthetopofthehillasfasterastheycould.
19.ThismorningonmywaytoschoolIwasdeepmovedbywhatIsawoutsideabank.
20.Theoldmancountedthemoneyagainandfoundthatnotasinglebillwasmissed.
21.Somestudentsmaywonderwhy,astheythinkbeingateacherishardwhilethepayislittle.
22.Insize,NewZealandisbiggerthanGuangdongProvince,yethasamuchsmallpopulation.
23.Inaddition,havingaglimpseofthevividpicturesandlivingvideosontheInternetcontributestoregainingmyenergy.
24.Itisabeautifulcar,butitisnotworthythepricethatIpaidforit.
25.That’swhyanAmericangetsuneasywhenalistenerissilenceandshownochangeofexpression.
26.Heispossibletocometohelpusifhedoesn’thavetoattendthemeeting.
27.MaybeIfeelcomfortableandrelaxedintotallydarkness.
28.Roadsafetyhasarousedthewidelyattentionofthepublic.
29.Itiswhatwehaveexperiencedalongthewaytosuccessthatwetreasureandenjoymostly.
30.Theinternetalsohasbadeffectsonpeople,speciallyonteenagers.
课后作业:
语法填空练习十
Enoughsleepisimportanttohealth.Theamountofsleepneeded1_____ontheageofthepersonandtheconditionsin2______sleeptakesplace.Theyoungmayneedmoresleepthan3_____old,butusuallyeighthoursareenoughforthehealthofgrown-ups.Somecandowith4______thanthisamount,butothersmayneedmore.Everypersonknowshisownneed.5______isthenamatterofgoodjudgmenttosatisfyhisneed.Sleep6______alwaysbeenoughtomakeonebringbackhis7______(strong)andgetreadyforaday’swork.
Freshairisnecessarytosoundsleep.Soitisnotwithoutreasonforsomepeople8______thinkthatitispracticabletosleepintheopenair.Abathatbedtime,9_____hotnorcoolbutofbodytemperature,maybehelpfultosleep.Sleepproducingdrug(帮助睡眠的药物)shouldneverbetakenexceptwhen10________(suggest)byadoctor.
语法填空练习十一
Iaskedmyuncle,whoplays1____pianowell,2______hewouldassess(评定)thetoneofasecond-handpianoIwashopingtobuy.Wearrived3______thehouseandUncleFranklookedthepianoover,then4_____(sit)downandplayedamixtureofhonky-tonknumbersandclassicalpieces.Whenhefinished,wetoldthefamilythatwewouldcall5____in15minutes.
Outside,UncleFranksaidthat6______thewoodwasbattered(坏掉的),thesoundwasgoodandweshouldbuyit.
WhenIphonedthewomanback,shesoundedasifshewascrying.Concerned,Iasked,“What’sthe7_____”
“Wedidn’tknowthepiano8______playlikethat,”shereplie