非谓语动词语法知识.docx
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非谓语动词语法知识
非谓语动词
因是谓语动词do的变形但却不能做谓语故称
一包括1）todo
被动------tobedone
进行------tobedoing
完成------tohavedone-----tohavebeendone
2）doing
被动------beingdone
完成------havingdone----havingbeendone
3）done
否定均在前加not
二非谓语动词可充当的成分
todo主宾表定状补
疑问词+todo在句中也可以做主/宾/表
doing主宾表定状补
done表定状补
一）todo/doing做主语和表语
Toloveanimalsistoloveourselves.
主语表语
Playingonthestreetisexciting
主语表语
1）todo/doing做主语谓语动词单数
2）有时可以用it做形式主语把todo/doing移后ItisimportanttolearnEnglish.
形式主语主语
It’snouse/nogood/awasteoftimedoing
形式主语主语
3）doing做主语doing动作发出者可以是名词所有格或形容词性物主代词
Thechildren’s/Theirplayingonthestreetisdangerous
二）todo/doing做宾语
1下列动词可接todo做宾语
Want/offer/promise/decide/fail/happen/manage/refuse/aim/plan/agree/hope/wish/expect/pretend/
demand/threaten/hesitate/attempt/desire/intend/
determine/agree+todo
宾语
2.todo做宾语有时也可用it做形式宾语把
todo移后
WefinditinterestingtostudyEnglish.
make/find/consider/feel/thinkit+adj/n+todo
形式宾语宾语
3.下列动词和词组后接doing做宾语
suggest/advise/recommend/enjoy/imagine/finish/escape///建议享受，想象完成逃跑admit/excuse/delay/practice///承认借口推迟实践mind/consider/appreciate介意考虑感激
avoid/keep/miss/risk避免保持错过冒险need/want/require/stand需要被忍受
beworthdoing,bebusydoing,
haveahardtimedoing,
havedifficulty/trouble/problems（in）doing,
feellikedoing,giveupdoing
burstoutdoing（突然开始做--），
keep---fromdoing,stop/prevent---（from）doing
4介词后可接doing作宾语
下列词组中to为介词要接doing做宾语
bedevotedto,beaddictedto,contributeto,leadto,payattentionto,getdownto,be/getusedto,lookforwardto,objectto反对,theanswer/keyto，thanksto,referto指的是，提到
whenitcomesto当涉及到,
beaccustomedto习惯
5下列动词即可接doing又可接todo
但意思不同
rememberdoing/havingdone记得做了
todo记得去做
forgetdoing/havingdone忘记做了
todo忘记去做
trydoing试着做
todo尽力做
regretdoing/havingdone后悔做了
todo遗憾去做
meandoing意味着做
todo打算做
stopdoing停止正在做的事
todo停下来去做
can’thelpdoing情不自禁做/
todo不能帮忙做
beusedtodoing习惯做
todo被用于做
三todo/doing/done做定语
1.todo做定语（放在修饰名词后）
Ihaveameetingtoattend.
1）todo做定语与所修饰的词可构成动宾关系，
如上；attendameeting
2））如果不定式中动词为不及物动词要出现相应的介词如：
Theyhavenoroomtolivein.
Maryhasnopentowritewith.
3）如果句子主语是不定式动作的发出者不定式用主动，否则用被动
Hehasmanyletterstotype.
（信被主语he打totype用主动）
Hehasmanyletterstobetyped.
（信要被别人打而不是主语he所以不定式被动）
4）此外表语形容词能加入forsb后接todo用主动如Thebookisdifficult（forus）tounderstand
5）固定结构
thefirst/second/third…last+人/物+todo
Thelasttoarrivewillpayforthemeal
Studyisthefirstthing（forus）toconsider
不被动
Tomisthefirsttobesentabroad.
2doing/done做定语
1）位置：
单个放在修饰词前，短语放在修饰词后
asleepingboy/aboysleepingonthesofa
aswimmingpoolareadingroom
aaboiledegg/aneggboiledbymum
fallenleavesretiredworker
注：
有个别词单个也常放后
Thereisnofoodleft.
2）doing与所修饰名词关系为主动进行或表用途
done与所修饰词为被动完成但vi的done只表完成
（故doing的完成式havingdone不能做定语）
如上sleeping和boy的关系为主动，boiled与egg的关系为被动
注：
beingdone做定语与所修饰词为被动进行表示正在被
tobedone表示要被----
done表示完成被动
Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisourschool.
楼正在被建
Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisourschool.
（楼已经被建完了）
Thebuildingtobebuiltnextyearisourschool.（楼要被建）
四todo/doing/done状语
结构todo/doing/done/havingdone,句子状语
（或句子在前，状语在后）
一）状语的逻辑主语是句子的主语
1.todo做状语表目的或出乎意料的结果（根据句意判断），如位于句子后与句子之间无逗号。
1）表目的
Hegotupearlytocatchtheearlybus.
表目的（动作发出者是句子主语he）
2）表出乎意料的结果前常出现only
Thejournalisthurriedtotheairportonlytobetoldthefilmstarhadleft.表出乎意料的结果
2.doing/done
（做状语其逻辑主语是句子的主语）
doing作状语与逻辑主语关系为主动
done作状语与逻辑主语的关系为被动
havingdone作状语表示该动作发生在句子动作之前，或之前一直持续
Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillcouldn’tunderstand.
Havingwaitedinthequeueforhalfanhour,theoldmansuddenlyrealizedhehadlefthechequeinthecar.
Doing/done表示时间，原因，条件，让步，和方式，结果，伴随状语（根据句意判断）
↗Walkinginthestreet,Imetafriend.
时间
↘Keptinthefridge,thevegetableswillremainfreshlonger.
↗Beingverypolite,theboywaslovedbymanyteachers.
原因↘Spokenbyfewerandfewerpeople,thelanguagemaydisappear.
条件↗Workinghard,youwillsucceed.
↘Givenmoretime,wewouldhavedoneitbetter.
让步↗Beingpoor,hewashappy.
↘Beatenbytheoppositeteam,theplayerswerenotdiscouraged.
方式,↗Hesatatthetable,readingamagazine.
伴随↘Followedbymanystudents,theteacherenteredtheclassroom.
结果Theboyfelloffhisbike,breakinghisarm.
注：
doing/done作状语可在其前加某些连词，When/while/if/unless/before/after+doing/done,句子
Whenwalkinginthestreet,Imetafriend.
Becausespokenbyfewerandfewerpeople,thelanguagemaydisappear.
Ifworkinghard,youwillsucceed.
二）doing/done作状语的独立主格:
即逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，有自己独立的逻辑主语
名词/代词+doing/done,句子
独立主格
Timepermitting,Iwillgothere.
TheboybeatenbyTom,hismotherfeltsad.
with+n/代词+doing主动进行
+done被动
+todo要做
Heissleepingwiththechildrenplayingoutside
withthedoorlocked.
withnothingtodo.
3doing作状语的固定结构（不需考虑主被动）
Generallyspeaking,/Judgingfrom
Judgingfromhisexpression,heisn’thappy.
tobehonest,/totellyouthetruth,/tomakemattersworse,given（考虑到）
5.如果前后两部分有连词或引导词连接连个句子不能用doing和done作状语
Workhardandyouwillsucceed.
Ifyouworkhard,you’llsucceed.
Workinghard,you’llsucceed
Ifworkinghard,you’llsucceed.
五todo/doing/done做宾补
结构：
vt+sb/sth+todo/do/doing/done
1.ask/get/force/order/require/request/want/allow/
encourage/inspire/advise/warn+sbtodo
宾补
3.feel,smel/hear,listento/see,lookat,watch/notice/observe
+sb/sth+do表示动作的全过程
+doing表示动作正在进行
+done与sb/sth为被动
+do变被动后to要出现如；sbbeseentodo
4.havesb/sth+do让---做
+doing让---一直做
+done让---被
makesb/sthdo让---做被动bemadetodo
done让---被
getsb/sthtodo让---做
doing让---一直做
done让----被
letsbdo让某人做
5.find/catchsb/sthdoing发现/抓住---正在做
done发现/抓住---被
6.leave/keepsb/sthdoing/done使---处于---状态
Don’tleavethewaterrunning.
Dokeepthedoorlocked.
Ihadtoshouttomakemyselfheard
Wefoundthestudentsseatedattablesandhadtheireyesfixedonthescreen.
注：
与sb/sth主动用doing，被动用done）
7.变形题
1.Hewasfoundsmokinginthekitchen.
（被动变主动考虑，findhimsmoking）
2.Theplanwewouldliketoseecarriedoutisreasonable.（定语从句将先行词还原考虑，seetheplancarriedout.）
3.Whomwouldyouliketohaveworkwithyou？
（疑问句变回陈述句做havewhomwork）
补充特殊结构和题：
1.介词but（除了）前有实义动词do其后不定式无to。
Ihavenothingtodobutwait.
Ihavenochoicebuttowait.
2.beconsidered/bereported/bebelieved+todo/bebedoing/tohavedone/tohavebeendone
Heisconsideredtohaveinventedthephone.
3．Wewilldowhateverwecantohelpyou.
4.Youcanimaginewhatgreattroubletheyhavesolvingtheproblemsbeingdiscussed.
5.I’mexaminingthearticlehehasjustfinishedtocorrectthepossiblemistakesinit.
6.Mary’sbeingchosenasthemostexcellentstudentsinherschoolmadeherparentshappy.
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